The XIII Corps of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

( Turkish: ''13 ncü Kolordu'' ''or'' ''On Üçüncü Kolordu'') was one of the

corps Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was formally introduced March 1, 1800, when Napoleon ordered Gener ...

of the

Ottoman Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...

. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.

Formation

Order of battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the XIII Corps was headquartered in

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

. The Corps before the

First Balkan War The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Greece, Greece and Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro) agai ...

in 1911 was structured as such: *XIII Corps,

** 37th Infantry Division, Baghdad ***109th Infantry Regiment, ***110th Infantry Regiment, vicinity of Baghdad ***111th Infantry Regiment, Baghdad ***37th Rifle Battalion,

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***37th Field Artillery Regiment, Baghdad ***37th Division Band, Baghdad ** 38th Infantry Division,

Basra Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq bor ...

***112th Infantry Regiment, Basra ***113th Infantry Regiment, Amara, Baghdad ***114th Infantry Regiment, Müntafik ***38th Rifle Battalion, vicinity of Baghdad ***Field Artillery Battalion, Baghdad *Units of XIII Corps *14th Cavalry Brigade, Baghdad **33rd Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad **34th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad **35th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad *25th Mountain Artillery Battalion, Baghdad *13th Engineer Company, Baghdad *13th telegraph Company, Baghdad *13th Transport Battalion, Baghdad *Border companies x 6

World War I

Order of battle, August 1914

In August 1914, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 38. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) ** 37th Division

Order of battle, November 1914

In November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 43. *XIII Corps (Moving to Third Army) **37th Division

Order of battle, late summer 1915

In the late summer of 1915, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 109. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) ** 35th Division, 38th Division

Order of battle, January 1916

In January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 126. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) **35th Division, 52nd Division

Order of battle, August 1916, December 1916

In August 1916, December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 134, 154. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) ** 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division

Order of battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918

In August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 170, 181, 188, 197. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) **2nd Division, 6th Division

After Mudros

Order of battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 202. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia) **2nd Division, 6th Division

Order of battle, January 1919

In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 209.Zekeriya Türkmen, ''Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920)'', Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, , p. 326. *XIII Corps (Mesopotamia, Diyâr-ı Bekir) **2nd Division (Salur) ***14th Infantry Regiment, 15th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Regiment ** 5th Division (Mardin) ***1st Infantry Regiment, 6th Infantry Regiment, 18th Infantry Regiment **12th Cavalry Regiment

Sources

{{Ottoman Forces during World War I Corps of the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I Baghdad vilayet 1911 establishments in the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations established in 1911