The Hispano-Suiza 8 is a

water-cooled Cooling tower and water discharge of a nuclear power plant Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and no ...

SOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine in which the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combus ...

aero engine An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are referred to as powered flight. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbin ...

introduced by

Hispano-Suiza Hispano-Suiza () is a Spanish automotive company. It was founded in 1904 by Marc Birkigt and as an automobile manufacturer and eventually had several factories in Spain and France that produced luxury cars, aircraft engines, trucks and weapons. ...

in 1914 that went on to become the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the

Entente Powers The Allies or the Entente (, ) was an international military coalition of countries led by the French Republic, the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers ...

during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached . Hispano-Suiza 8 engines and variants produced by Hispano-Suiza and other companies under licence were built in twenty-one factories in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S. Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the

Hispano-Suiza 12Y The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft ...

(and Soviet

Klimov UEC-Klimov () is a Russian manufacturer of gas turbine engines, main gearboxes and accessory drive gearboxes for transport aircraft. Originally established as ''Kirill Klimov Experimental Design Bureau'' in Saint-Petersburg under the directio ...

V12 derivative aero-engines) which was in service during the Second World War.

Design and development

Origins

At the beginning of World War I, the production lines of the

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

based

automobile and engine company were switched to the production of war materiel. Chief engineer

Marc Birkigt Marc Birkigt (8 March 1878, Geneva – 15 March 1953, Versoix) was a Swiss engineer, automotive and aviation pioneer, and co-founder of Hispano-Suiza in 1904. He lived in Barcelona, Spain when he was hired by Emilio de la Cuadra in 1898 to work ...

led work on an aircraft engine based on his successful V8 automobile engine. The resulting engine, called the Hispano-Suiza 8A (HS-31), made its first appearance in February 1915. The first 8A kept the standard configuration of Birkigt's existing design: eight cylinders in 90° Vee configuration, a displacement of 11.76 litres (717.8 cu in) and a power output of 140 hp at 1,900 rpm. In spite of the similarities with the original design, the engine had been substantially refined. The crankshaft was machined from a solid piece of steel. The cylinder blocks were cast aluminium and of monobloc type that is, in one piece with the

cylinder heads. The inlet and exhaust ports were cast into the blocks, the valve seats were in the top face of the steel cylinder liners, which were screwed into the blocks. Using a rotating

bevel gear Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at ot ...

-driven tower shaft coming up from the crankcase along the rear end of each cylinder bank, with the final drive for each cylinder bank's camshaft accommodated within a semicircular bulge at the rear end of each valve cover. Aluminium parts were coated in vitreous enamel to reduce leakage. All parts subject to wear, and those critical for engine ignition were duplicated:

spark plug A spark plug (sometimes, in British English, a sparking plug, and, colloquially, a plug) is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air ...

s for

dual ignition Dual Ignition is a system for spark-ignition engines, whereby critical ignition components, such as spark plugs and magnetos, are duplicated. Dual ignition is most commonly employed on aero engines,Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, ...

reliability, valve springs,

magneto A magneto is an electrical generator that uses permanent magnets to produce periodic pulses of alternating current. Unlike a dynamo, a magneto does not contain a commutator to produce direct current. It is categorized as a form of alternator, ...

s, etc. The new engine was presented to the French Ministry of War in February 1915, and tested for 15 hours at full power. This was standard procedure for a new engine design to be admitted into military service. However, because of lobbying by French engine manufacturers, the Spanish-made engine was ordered to undergo a bench test that no French-made engine had yet passed: a 50-hour run at full speed. The HS-31 was therefore sent back to

Chalais-Meudon Chalais-Meudon is an aeronautical research and development centre in Meudon, to the south-west of Paris. It was originally founded in 1793 in the nearby Château de Meudon and has played an important role in the development of French aviation. ...

on July 21, 1915, and tested for 50 hours, succeeding against all expectations. The design also promised far more development-potential than rotary engines. This was despite being the most common type, then in use, for most aircraft. French officials ordered production of the 8A to be started as soon as possible and issued a requirement for a new single-seat high-performance fighter aircraft using the new engine. The

Louis Béchereau Louis Béchereau (July 25, 1880 in Plou, Cher – March 18, 1970 in Paris) was a French aeronautical engineer and pioneer of French aviation. Biography After having attended the École nationale professionnelle in Vierzon, Béchereau went to ...

-designed

SPAD VII The SPAD S.VII C.1 was the first in a series of single-seat biplane fighter aircraft produced by ''Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés'' (SPAD) during the First World War. Like its successors, the S.VII was renowned as a sturdy and rugge ...

was the result of this requirement and allowed the Allies to regain

air superiority An atmosphere () is a layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A stellar atmospher ...

over the Germans.

Production history

The Hispano-Suiza 8 was the most produced aero engine series of World War I with 49,893 units manufactured during the conflict. The engine continued to be built in smaller numbers during the 1920s. Most of the engines were built under license in factories located in France, the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy. Small numbers of engines were also built in Japan, Spain, Switzerland and the Soviet Union.

France

In total 35,189 Hispano-Suiza 8 engines were produced in France during World War I. Fourteen French companies produced the engines under license including

Ariès The Ariès was a French automobile manufactured by La Société des Automobile Ariès in Asnières-sur-Seine. The firm was founded in 1902 by Baron . The decision to end production was taken in 1937. Around 20,000 vehicles were produced in total. ...

Brasier Brasier was a French automobile manufacturer, based in the Paris conurbation, and active between 1905 and 1930. The firm began as Richard-Brasier in 1902, and became known as Chaigneau-Brasier in 1926. __TOC__ Origins Charles-Henri Brasier wo ...

Chenard-Walcker Chenard-Walcker, also known as Chenard & Walcker, was a French automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer from 1898 to 1946. Chenard-Walcker then designed and manufactured trucks marketed via Peugeot sales channels until the 1970s. The facto ...

De Dion-Bouton De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer, which operated from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, Georges Bouton, and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles Trépardoux. Ste ...

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applie ...

and

Voisin Voisin (French for "neighbour") may refer to: Companies *Avions Voisin, the French automobile company :* Voisin Laboratoire, a car manufactured by Avions Voisin * Voisin (aircraft), the French aircraft manufacturer * Voisin, a Lyon-based chocol ...

. Peugeot were the single largest manufacturer of the 200 hp (150 kW) Hispano Suiza 8 with 5,506 engines built. The Hispano-Suiza 8 shared many common parts with the

Peugeot 8Aa The Peugeot 8Aa, or L112, is a water-cooled V8 engine, V8 aircraft engine that equipped the Voisin VIII Bomber, bombers and Escort fighter, escort fighters built during World War I. The engine was designed to meet a 1915 request from the Fren ...

. Camshafts, piston rings and some bearings were interchangeable.

United States

In 1915 representatives from the

Wright Company The Wright Company was the commercial aviation business venture of the Wright brothers, established by them on November 22, 1909, in conjunction with several prominent industrialists from New York and Detroit with the intention of capitalizing on ...

approached the French government to negotiate a license for the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine which was then under test. The French government refused to grant a license and instead offered the Peugeot 8Aa as an alternative. Ultimately the Wright company negotiated a license directly with Hispano-Suiza in

. The Wright company went on to produce 8,976 Hispano-Suiza engines during World War I.

United Kingdom

The first British orders for the Hispano-Suiza 8 engines were placed in August 1915, shortly before the first order from the French government. Production in the United Kingdom was handled by

Wolseley Motors Wolseley Motors Limited was a British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in early 1901 by the Vickers Armaments in conjunction with Herbert Austin. It initially made a full range, topped by large luxury cars, and dominated the market in the E ...

who produced modified versions as the

Viper Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, New Zealand, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. They are venomous and have long (relative to non-vipe ...

. A total of 3,050 engines were built in the United Kingdom during World War I.

Italy

SCAT,

Itala Itala may refer to: * Itala (company), an Italian car manufacturer ** Itala Special, a special custom-built Grand Prix race car * Itala (given name), an Italian given name * Itala, Sicily, a municipality in Sicily * Itala Film, an Italian film com ...

and Nagliati all took out licenses for production of the Hispano-Suiza 8. Italian production of the engines during World War I numbered 2,566 units. Most of the Italian built engines were fitted to

SPAD S.VII The SPAD S.VII C.1 was the first in a series of single-seat biplane fighter aircraft produced by '' Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés'' (SPAD) during the First World War. Like its successors, the S.VII was renowned as a sturdy and rugg ...

s and

SPAD S.XIII The SPAD S.XIII is a French biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War, developed by ''Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés'' (SPAD) from the earlier and highly successful SPAD S.VII. During early 1917, the French designer Louis Bé ...

s imported from France.

Czechoslovakia

In 1922,

Škoda Škoda means "pity" in the Czech and Slovak languages. It may also refer to: Czech brands and enterprises * Škoda Auto, automobile and previously bicycle manufacturer in Mladá Boleslav ** Škoda Motorsport, the division of Škoda Auto responsi ...

obtained a license for the 300 hp variant which they produced throughout the 1920s.

Japan

In 1918,

Mitsubishi The is a group of autonomous Japanese multinational companies in a variety of industries. Founded by Yatarō Iwasaki in 1870, the Mitsubishi Group traces its origins to the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, a unified company that existed from 1870 to 194 ...

acquired a production license from Hispano-Suiza.

Spain

During World War I, 112 Hispano-Suiza 8 engines were built by La Hispano-Suiza in Barcelona.

Switzerland

In 1917, Sauer reverse engineered a 150 hp Hispano-Suiza engine. The Swiss engines were initially unlicensed copies however after World War I Sauer negotiated a license with Hispano-Suiza.

USSR

Between 1920 and 1922 the Soviets license built 36 examples of the 220 hp Hispano-Suiza 8 model. From 1921, the Soviets designated the 220 hp model as the M-4. Other aero engines added retrospectively to the Soviet's designation system included the RBVZ-6 (M-1), the Rhône 9J (M-2) and the Renault 12F (M-3). The Soviets also built 331 examples of the 300 hp Hispano-Suiza 8 variant as the M-6. The M-6 was in production from 1925 to 1932.

Variants

''Some data from:'' British Piston Engines and their Aircraft ''Note:'' Hispano-Suiza company type numbers were prefixed by ''HS-'' or written in full as Hispano-Suiza Type 31, but military designations used the conventional system of Hispano-Suiza(engine manufacturer) 8(no of cylinders) A(engine series) b(variant) r(attribute), thus Hispano-Suiza 8Abr. ;8A (HS-31): , initial production and test engines, with few applications, including early

Nieuport 14 The Nieuport 14 (or Nieuport XIV A.2 in contemporary sources) was a military reconnaissance Biplane#Sesquiplane, sesquiplane produced in France during the World War I, First World War. The French Army deployed it in 1916 but the type was quickly ...

s. ;8Aa (HS-31) : at 2000 rpm, entered production in July 1915. Early HS-8A engines were plagued with various problems which required further work and was the standard powerplant for early-production SPAD VIIs and the Curtiss "Jenny" JN-4H variants. The demand for the Hispano-Suiza engine was such that other manufacturers began producing it under licence, in France, Great Britain ( Wolseley Adder), Italy (Nagliati in Florence and

SCAT (automobile) The SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) was an Italian automobile manufacturer from Turin, founded in 1906 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano. The company was active from 1906 to 1932 and achieved Targa Florio wins in 1911, 1912 and 1914. Th ...

in Turin) and Russia. Total production of the HS-8Aa amounted to some 6,000 engines. ;8Ab (HS-34) : at 2,100 rpm, increasing the

compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine. A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. Th ...

from 4.7 to 5.3, Birkigt was able to increase the power output . The 8Ab began replacing the 8Aa on SPAD VIIs in early 1917. ;8Ac : ;8Ad :(1929) bore x stroke, for take-off. Hispano-Suiza 8BE

;8B (HS-35) : , compression ratio 5.3:1, geared at 0.75:1. The HS-36 was the 8B with a Lewis gun firing through the propeller boss. ;8B twin (HS-39):Coupled 8B engines ;8Ba : at 2,300 rpm, low compression ratio of 4.7:1, spur geared at 0.585:1. ;8Bb : , compression ratio of 4.8:1, reduction gear 0.75:1. However the reduction gear system was fragile, and often broke down, sometimes with spectacular results ending up with the entire propeller,

driveshaft A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, tailshaft (Australian English), propeller shaft (prop shaft), or Cardan shaft (after Girolamo Cardano) is a component for transmitting mechanical power, torque, and rotation, usually used to connect ...

and driven gear parting company from the airframe. Progressive refinement of the engine brought the available power to by the end of 1917. The 8B, 8Ba and 8Bb were used (a) to power the earliest versions of the

S.E.5a The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 is a British biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was developed at the Royal Aircraft Factory by a team consisting of Henry Folland, John Kenworthy and Major Frank Goodden. It was one of the ...

, (b) along with the 8Bd, the

, (c) front-line active versions of the

Sopwith Dolphin The Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin was a British fighter aircraft manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company. It was used by the Royal Flying Corps and its successor, the Royal Air Force, during the First World War. The Dolphin entered service on the ...

, and (d) several other Allied aircraft types, with its gear reduction easily identifiable in vintage World War I photos, from its use of a clockwise (viewed from in front, otherwise known as a left hand tractor) rotation propeller. ;8Bc: , compression ratio of 5.3:1, reduction gear 0.75:1. ;8Bd: , compression ratio of 5.3:1, reduction gear 0.75:1. ::8Bda ;8Be: , compression ratio of 5.3:1, reduction gear 0.75:1. ;8BeC (HS-38): The 8Be fitted with the SAMC Model 37 cannon, or a similar weapon, as an

engine gun An engine gun, or engine cannon (from , "motor cannon"), is an List of aircraft weapons, aircraft gun mounted behind and through the cylinder block of an Inline engine (aeronautics), inline aircraft engine (most often a V engine) with a reduction ...

firing through the propeller boss. A reduction gear equipped power-plant with a resultant clockwise rotation propeller like the 8B, produced at 2,100 rpm. Two known weapons fitted were the SAMC with a rifled barrel and a smooth-bore cannon firing canister ammunition. The moteur-canon could fire a single shot at a time through the hollow drive shaft without propeller interference. This cannon mount required an "elevated"

intake manifold An inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an internal combustion engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinder (engine), cylinders. The word ''manifold (engineering), manifold'' comes from the Old Eng ...

design, bringing the intake "runners" straight off the inner surfaces of the cylinder banks to the

updraft carburetor An updraft carburetor is a type of carburetor in which the air flows upward within the device. Other types are downdraft and sidedraft. An updraft carburetor was the first type in common use. In it air flows upward into the venturi to mix with th ...

plenum chamber A plenum chamber is a pressurised housing containing a fluid (typically air) at positive pressure. One of its functions is to equalise pressure for more even distribution, compensating for irregular supply or demand. It is typically relatively la ...

. The engine was used on the

SPAD S.XII The SPAD S.XII or SPAD 12 was a French single-seat biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War developed from the successful SPAD VII by Louis Béchereau, chief designer of the Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD). Development ...

. ;8Ca/220:

-equipped at 2,100 rpm with 5.3:1 compression. Given the company designation HS Type 38 ;8Cb/180:

-equipped at 2,000 rpm with 4.7:1 compression. Given the company designation HS Type 44 ;8Cc/220:

-equipped at 2,100 rpm with 5.3:1 compression. Given the company designation HS Type 44 Hispano Suiza 8Ca

;Hispano-Suiza Type 40: (8E ?) ;Hispano-Suiza Type 41: (8A ?) ;8F (HS-42) : at 2,100 rpm (eq. 750 lb·ft torque). The direct drive 8F was a bored out version of the 8B, intended for use in bombers, with a displacement of . Despite the increased weight of , the 8F was also installed in fighters such as the

Nieuport-Delage NiD 29 The Nieuport-Delage NiD.29 was a French single-seat biplane fighter (C.I category) designed and built by Nieuport-Delage for the French Air Force. Design and development The prototype NiD.29 was an equal-span biplane with ailerons on both u ...

and

Martinsyde Buzzard The Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard was developed as a powerful and fast biplane fighter for the Royal Air Force (RAF), but the end of the First World War led to the abandonment of large-scale production. Fewer than 400 were eventually produced, with man ...

, and would have powered the never-produced Mk.II version of the

. Engine speed being lower than that of the HS-8B, the reduction gear was deleted, thereby increasing engine reliability. ;8Fa :generally similar to the 8F. ;8Fb : , aka HS Type 42, compression ratio of 5.3:1, direct drive. ;8Fd Special :For the

CAMS 38 The CAMS 38 was a French single-seat racing flying-boat designed by Raffaele Conflenti and built by Chantiers Aéro-Maritimes de la Seine (CAMS) for the 1923 Schneider Trophy race. The CAMS 38 was withdrawn from the race during the second lap. ...

Schneider Trophy The Coupe d'Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider, also known as the Schneider Trophy, Schneider Prize or (incorrectly) the Schneider Cup is a trophy that was awarded first annually, and later biennially, to the winner of a race for seaplanes and ...

racer developing ;8Fe (HS-42VS) :(1926) bore x stroke, for take-off. ; Wolseley W.4A Python I : , compression ratio of 4.7:1. License production of the 8Aa at

. ;

Wolseley W.4A Python II The Wolseley Viper is a British-built, high-compression derivative of the Hispano Suiza HS-8 liquid-cooled V-8 engine, built under licence by Wolseley Motors during World War I. It powered later models of the S.E.5a, SPAD VII and other Briti ...

:, compression ratio of 5.3 :1. ; Wolseley W.4A Viper :, compression ratio of 5.3 :1. Wolseley's engineers removed problems with the crankshaft and increased the compression ratio to give more power, with some early engines having a compression ratio of 5.6:1. ;

Wolseley W.4A Viper II The Wolseley Viper is a British-built, high-compression derivative of the Hispano Suiza HS-8 liquid-cooled V-8 engine, built under licence by Wolseley Motors during World War I. It powered later models of the S.E.5a, SPAD VII and other Briti ...

: at 2,000 rpm. ;

Wolseley W.4B Adder I The Wolseley Viper is a British-built, high-compression derivative of the Hispano Suiza HS-8 liquid-cooled V-8 engine, built under licence by Wolseley Motors during World War I. It powered later models of the S.E.5a, SPAD VII and other Briti ...

:, compression ratio of 4.7 :1, reduction spur gear to 0.593:1. ;

Wolseley W.4B Adder II The Wolseley Viper is a British-built, high-compression derivative of the Hispano Suiza HS-8 liquid-cooled V-8 engine, built under licence by Wolseley Motors during World War I. It powered later models of the S.E.5a, SPAD VII and other Briti ...

:, compression ratio of 4.7 :1, reduction spur gear to 0.593:1. With stronger crankshaft webs. ; Wolseley W.4B Adder III :, compression ratio of 4.7 :1, reduction spur gear to 0.593:1. With balanced crankshafts. ;Wright-Hisso A:Wright-Martin built Type 34/HS8Aa at 1,400 rpm and 4.72:1 compression. ;Wright-Hisso B: 4-cyl in-line water-cooled ;Wright-Hisso C: geared A ;Wright-Hisso D: geared A with

;Wright-Hisso E: at 1,700 rpm and 5.33:1 compression(HC 'I') ;Wright-Hisso E-2: (HC 'E') ;Wright-Hisso F: ('D' without

) ;Wright-Hisso H: , based on the Type 42/HS8F ;Wright-Hisso H-2: improved 'H' ;Wright-Hisso I: ;Wright-Hisso K: H with 37mm Baldwin

;Wright-Hisso K-2: ;Wright-Hisso M: experimental 300 hp ;Wright-Hisso T: ;Wright-Hisso 180 hp V-8: direct drive ;Wright-Hisso 220 hp V-8: geared drive ;Wright-Hisso 300 hp V-8: geared drive ;Wright-Hisso 300 hp V-8: geared drive ;Wright-Hisso V-720 ;M-4:

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

produced 8Bb ;M-6:

produced 8Fb ;Mitsubishi-Hispano-Suiza 300 hp engine:

Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...

produced 8Fb

Applications

* Austin-Ball A.F.B.1 (single prototype) *

Avia BH-21 The Avia BH-21 was a fighter biplane designed and produced by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Avia. First flown in January 1925, it served an important role in securing Czechoslovak national security during the Interwar period. It orig ...

(from 1925) * Avia BH-22 * Bartel BM-5 * Bernard SIMB AB 10 * Blanchard Brd.1 * Caudron R.11 (8Bba) *

Caudron C.59 The Caudron C.59 was a France, French, two-seat biplane with a single Piston engine, engine and a canvas-covered fuselage, produced between 1922 and 1924. Suitable for a variety of roles, more than 1,800 Caudron C.59s were manufactured. Operation ...

* Caudron C.61 (8Ac) *

Curtiss JN-4 The Curtiss JN "Jenny" is a series of biplanes built by the Glenn Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York, later the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Although the Curtiss JN series was originally produced as a training aircraft ...

H ''Jenny'' (rare subvariant) *

De Bruyère C 1 The de Bruyère C 1 was a prototype French single seat pusher canard Fighter of unusual design produced during World War I. The sole example built crashed on its first flight, and development terminated. Design and development Developed ...

* Descamps 27 (8Fb) * Dewoitine D.1 (8Fb) * Farman F.121 Jabiru (8Ac) *

FBA Type H The FBA Type H was a French reconnaissance flying boat produced in large numbers in France and Italy during World War I by Franco-British Aviation. Design and development A development of the FBA Type A, the Type H shared the same basic pushe ...

(8Aa) * Felixstowe F.1 * Fokker D.IX * Fokker D.X (8Fb) * Fokker D.XII (8F) initial design only * Fokker S.III *

Gourdou-Leseurre GL.21 The Gourdou-Leseurre GL.2 (originally, the Gourdou-Leseurre Type B) was a French fighter aircraft which made its maiden flight in 1918. Design and development The GL.2 was a development of the Gourdou-Leseurre Type A which had shown pleasing p ...

Hanriot HD.5 The Hanriot HD.5 was a French two-seat fighter aircraft prototype, built towards the end of World War I. A single-engine biplane with an unusually narrow gap between the upper and lower wings, it did not enter production. Design and development ...

Hanriot HD.15 The Hanriot HD.15 was a French two-seat fighter aircraft fitted with a supercharger for good high altitude performance, built in the 1920s. Three were ordered by Japan but lost at sea during delivery. Design and development The Hanriot HD.15 wa ...

Hanriot HD.20 The Hanriot HD.20 was a French single seat shipboard fighter aircraft prototype completed in 1923. Only one was built. Design and development The Hanriot HD.20 was an all-metal two bay biplane, though the inner bay was relatively narrow. Outwar ...

Itoh Emi 29 The Itoh Emi 29 ''Taihoku-go'' was a 1920s Japanese civil transport with its two passengers in a enclosed cabin. It was the first of this "limousine" type to be built in Japan; the only example flew the Osaka-Tokyo route for a while. Design an ...

Letord Let.1 The Letord Let.5 was probably the most numerous of a family of 3-seat reconnaissance bombers, designed and built in France from 1916, originally to an A3 (reconnaissance aircraft 3-seat) specification from the STAé (''Service Technique d'Aéro ...

(8A) * Letord Let.2 & Let.3 (8Ba) *

Letov Š-7 The Letov Š-7 was a single-seat, single-engine biplane fighter aircraft designed and built in Czechoslovakia in the early 1920s. It was designed for a single-seat fighter competition but did not reach production. Design and development The Let ...

(8Fb) *

Letov Š-13 The Letov Š-13 was a single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed and built in Czechoslovakia in the early 1920s. A biplane, it had aerodynamically thick wings which were originally cantilever structures, though interplane struts were la ...

(8Fb) *

Letov Š-14 The Letov Š-14 was a single-seat, single-engine aircraft, designed and built in Czechoslovakia in the early 1920s. Originally intended as a biplane fighter aircraft, fighter, it was later modified into a monoplane and entered as a contestant in ...

(8Fb) * Levasseur PL.1 (8Ab) * Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard (8Fb) *

(8A) *

(8Fb) * Nieuport-Delage NiD 38 (8Ab) *

Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplan The Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplans were a series of 1920s France, French Air racing, racing monoplanes built by Nieuport, Nieuport-Delage. It was the first aircraft to be recorded as achieving 200 mph (321.88 km/h) in level flight and it e ...

(8Fb) *

Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 is a British biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was developed at the Royal Aircraft Factory by a team consisting of Henry Folland, John Kenworthy and Major Frank Goodden. It was one of the ...

(8Aa) and

(8B, 8Ba or 8Bb on earliest versions and the

Wolseley Viper The Wolseley Viper is a British-built, high-compression derivative of the Hispano Suiza HS-8 liquid-cooled V-8 engine, built under licence by Wolseley Motors during World War I. It powered later models of the S.E.5a, SPAD VII and other Brit ...

derivative on later models) *

(8B) *

Sopwith B.1 The Sopwith B.1 was an experimental British bomber aircraft of the First World War. A single-seat, single-engined biplane, the B.1 was built by the Sopwith Aviation Company for the Royal Navy. Although only two were built, one was used for bom ...

prototypes (8Ba) *

(8A) *

SPAD S.XI The SPAD S.XI or SPAD 11 is a French two-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War. The SPAD 11 was the work of Louis Béchereau, chief designer of the Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD), who also designed the highl ...

(8Be) *

(8Cb) *

(8Be) *

Standard J The Standard J is a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 ...

-1 (post-war modification) * Waco DSO (8a) * Wibault 1 (single prototype)

Wright-Hispano E

* Boeing NB-2 * AT-3 *

Consolidated PT-1 The Consolidated PT-1 Trusty (company designation Model 1) is a biplane primary trainer used by the United States Army Air Service (USAAS) in the 1920s. Design and development In 1921, Colonel Virginius Clark, chief designer of the Dayton-W ...

* Cox-Klemin TW-2 * Curtiss AT-4 * Dayton-Wright TW-3 *

Huff-Daland TW-5 The Huff-Daland Type XV Training Water-Cooled TW-5 was a biplane trainer designed by the Huff-Daland Aero Corporation in the early 1920s for the United States Army Air Service. Design and development It was a development of the TA-6 (which itse ...

Loening M-8 The Loening M-8 was a 1910s American fighter monoplane designed by Grover Loening and built by his Loening Aeronautical Engineering Company. The order for 5000 for the United States Army Air Corps was canceled when the First World War ended. D ...

* Naval Aircraft Factory TS-3 * Travel Air 3000 *

Vought VE-7 The Vought VE-7 "Bluebird" was an early biplane of the United States. First flying in 1917, it was designed as a two-seat trainer for the United States Army, then adopted by the United States Navy as its first fighter aircraft. In 1922, a VE-7 b ...

* Waco DSO

Mitsubishi "Hi"shiki

;200 HP (8B) *

Yokosuka Ro-go Ko-gata The Yokosuka Ro-go Ko-gata (YokoSho-shiki Ro-go Ko-gata) was a Japanese reconnaissance floatplane developed during the First World War by the Japanese Navy Arsenal at Yokosuka, and one of the first indigenous Japanese aircraft to enter productio ...

Hanza-shiki suijō teisatsuki The Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 was a German two-seat fighter floatplane which served in the closing months of World War I with the Imperial German Navy's () Naval Air Service () from bases on the North Sea coast. In concept the aircraft was a mono ...

(ハンザ式水上偵察機, Type Hansa Surveillance Floatplane) ;300 HP (8F) * Mitsubishi 1MF *

Mitsubishi 2MR The Mitsubishi 2MR was a Japanese carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft of the 1920s, also known as the Navy Type 10 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft or the C1M in the Navy's short designation scheme.Vaasa Automobile and Motor Museum
in Vaasa, Finland. * A Wright-Hisso 8A is on public display at the

Aerospace Museum of California The Aerospace Museum of California is a private non-profit aviation museum located in McClellan, California, outside of Sacramento, California, on the grounds of the former McClellan Air Force Base. History Founded as the Air Force Logistics Mus ...

. * A Wright-Hisso 8A is on public display at the

National Museum of the U.S. Air Force National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...

Specifications (Hispano-Suiza 8a)

References

* Janes Fighting Aircraft of World War I by Michael John Haddrick Taylor (Random House Group Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SW1V 2SA, 2001, ), page 289 *

Bibliography

* "Los motores V8 de aviación de La Hispano Suiza (1914–1918)" by Jacinto García Barbero (Edited by Asociación de Amigos del Museo Del Aire, Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica, CECAF. Depósito legal: M-41737-2005) 219 pages.

External links

Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Hispano-Suiza V8 powered Curtiss JN-4H Jenny

* Hispano-Suiza 8Aa at Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutic

Moteurs d'Aviation License Hispano-Suiza (Compagnie de Fives-Lille)
engine manual (types 150 hp, 180 hp, 200 hp and 220 hp) {{Hispano-Suiza aeroengines 1910s aircraft piston engines Hispano-Suiza aircraft engines Aircraft engines with central gun installation

Design and development

Origins

Production history

France

United States

United Kingdom

Italy

Czechoslovakia

Japan

Spain

Switzerland

USSR

Variants

Applications

Wright-Hispano E

Mitsubishi "Hi"shiki

Specifications (Hispano-Suiza 8a)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links