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Woodrow Stanley Lloyd (July 16, 1913 – April 7, 1972) was a Canadian
politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...
and educator who served as the 8th
premier of Saskatchewan The premier of Saskatchewan is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The current premier of Saskatchewan is Scott Moe, who was sworn in as premier on February 2, 2018, after winning the 2018 Saska ...
from 1961 to 1964. Born in
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada. It is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and to the south by the ...
in 1913, he became a teacher in the early 1930s. He worked as a teacher and school principal and was involved with the Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation, eventually becoming its president. He was first elected as a
Member of the Legislative Assembly A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected to sit in a legislative assembly. The term most commonly refers to members of the legislature of a federated state or an autonomous region, but is also used for several nation ...
of
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada. It is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and to the south by the ...
in 1944. He became an instrumental figure in
Tommy Douglas Thomas Clement Douglas (20 October 1904 – 24 February 1986) was a Scottish-born Canadian politician who served as the seventh premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961 and leader of the New Democratic Party from 1961 to 1971. A Bap ...
's
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; , FCC) was a federal democratic socialism, democratic socialistThe following sources describe the CCF as a democratic socialist political party: * * * * * * and social democracy, social-democ ...
government between 1944 and 1961, serving as Education Minister and then Treasurer. He succeeded Douglas as Saskatchewan
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...
in late 1961. In that role, Lloyd piloted Canada's first Medicare program from legislation to implementation, including resolving the 1962
Saskatchewan doctors' strike The Saskatchewan doctors' strike was a 23-day labour action exercised by medical doctors in 1962 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in an attempt to force the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Saskatchewan to drop its progra ...
. Lloyd's government was defeated in the 1964 provincial election and he served the next six years as the Leader of the Official Opposition. He stepped down as party leader in 1970, and from the Legislature in 1971. Lloyd was appointed to a
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
post in
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
, where he died of a heart attack in 1972.


Early life and career

Lloyd was born in Webb, Saskatchewan on July 16, 1913. He initially studied engineering, but after the onset of the
Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...
, switched his studies to teaching and graduated with a teaching degree from the
University of Saskatchewan The University of Saskatchewan (U of S, or USask) is a Universities in Canada, Canadian public university, public research university, founded on March 19, 1907, and located on the east side of the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatch ...
in 1936. He started teaching school that year, and eventually became a school principal in the early 1940s at Stewart Valley, Vanguard, and Biggar. Lloyd was also active in the Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation and held many positions in the organization including the presidency from 1940 to 1944. He also served on the University of Saskatchewan's Senate, and was the president of the Saskatchewan Educational Conference in the early 1940s.


Political career


Douglas government (1944–61)

In the 1944 provincial election, Lloyd was elected to the Saskatchewan Legislature as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member for the constituency of Biggar, a seat that he went on to hold until his retirement in 1971. The 1944 election brought the CCF to power for the first time with the party promising to invest in social security and economic development. Lloyd became the youngest
cabinet minister A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the ' prime minister', ' p ...
in Saskatchewan history when he was appointed Minister of Education by Premier Tommy Douglas. Lloyd served in that role for the next sixteen years and oversaw the complete overhaul of the Saskatchewan education system. The most controversial measure he introduced was the amalgamation of thousands of local school boards into 56 larger school units in 1944–45.Johnson, pp. 84–86." The measure was instituted to create more equitable educational opportunities for students across the province by providing students greater opportunity to receive instruction by specialized teachers and access to increased education resources, including provincial grants. However, the move was opposed by some rural residents who resented the loss of local control over schools, as the move to larger units resulted in the closure of nearly all rural one-room schools over the next two decades. The transformation has been called "the most revolutionary revision to the province's education system since the creation of the province", and it helped lead to increased school attendance across all age groups. In addition to school reform, Lloyd led the implementation of a regional library system for the province. After the 1960 election—which resulted in the fifth consecutive CCF majority government—Douglas appointed Lloyd to be the provincial treasurer. The 1960 election was largely seen as a referendum on public healthcare, which the CCF had promised to implement. After the CCF victory, In 1961, Douglas resigned as premier to assume the leadership of the newly-formed federal
New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; , ) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Editors of ''Encyclopædia Britann ...
(NDP). Lloyd was elected as Douglas' successor for what was now called the Saskatchewan CCF-NDP, defeating Olaf Turnbull.Lloyd (1979), p. 113. This made Lloyd the first premier of Saskatchewan to have been born in the province after its accession to Confederation in 1905.


Premier of Saskatchewan (1961–64)

As
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...
, Lloyd was responsible for implementing the
universal health care Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care. It is generally organized a ...
plan that had been introduced under Douglas. Lloyd's biggest obstacle was the July 1962
Saskatchewan doctors' strike The Saskatchewan doctors' strike was a 23-day labour action exercised by medical doctors in 1962 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in an attempt to force the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Saskatchewan to drop its progra ...
, when the province's physicians withdrew service in an attempt to defeat the Medicare initiative. Lloyd and his government refused to back down on the concept of a universal public health care system and persuaded the doctors to settle after 23 days. After updated legislation was passed, ''Maclean'''s named Lloyd an "outstanding citizen". In 1963, Lloyd's government created the Saskatchewan Economic Development Corporation to partner with private industry in research and development. Although Medicare was successfully implemented—and would be implemented across the country in the years that followed—the political turmoil did lasting damage to the CCF government, which by 1964 and had been in power for twenty years. Ross Thatcher's
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...
took advantage of a mood for change and worked to limit competition between free-enterprise candidates in the 1964 provincial election; although the popular vote was a virtual tie between Lloyd's party and Thatcher's Liberals, the Liberals won a narrow majority government, which was only confirmed after a number of recounts in close ridings.


Late political career (1964–71)

After the 1964 election, Lloyd became leader of the Opposition. In that role he sought to renew grassroots engagement and party policy, which he felt had begun to stagnate after the long period in power. In 1967, the party fully adopted the NDP name. Thatcher also called a
snap election A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Snap elections in parliamentary systems are often called to resolve a political impasse such as a hung parliament where no single political party has a ma ...
that year; although Lloyd's party increased its share of the vote, the Liberals secured a second majority, increasing Lloyd's sense of urgency to update the party platform. When the "Waffle" movement—a faction of
New Left The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s. It consisted of activists in the Western world who, in reaction to the era's liberal establishment, campaigned for freer ...
supporters seeking to return the NDP to its socialist roots and advocating against American imperialism—began making inroads into the NDP at both the federal and provincial level in the late 1960s, it found a supporter in Lloyd, who saw its potential to increase engagement and propose innovative policy. Lloyd voted in support of the movement's Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada at the 1969 federal NDP convention. However, the Waffle lost the vote and Lloyd's support for the movement and his willingness to open the party to debate proved contentious among the party at home. After a special caucus meeting in 1970 in which Lloyd judged he lacked the support of much of his cabinet, he decided to resign as party leader. In July 1970, Allan Blakeney, who had served as Minister of Health under Lloyd, was elected as the new NDP leader. Lloyd opted not to run in the 1971 election, which saw Blakeney guide the NDP back to a majority government on a rejuvenated platform that incorporated elements of Waffle policy and promised a return to the interventionist approach of the CCF.


After politics

Upon Lloyd's retirement, Tommy Douglas stated that Lloyd had been "the conscience of the government and the conscience of the party."McLeod & McLeod, p. 153. In 1971, Lloyd was appointed as representative for the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
Development Program in
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
. However, in 1972, just months after assuming that post, he died suddenly in
Seoul Seoul, officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City, is the capital city, capital and largest city of South Korea. The broader Seoul Metropolitan Area, encompassing Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Incheon, emerged as the world's List of cities b ...
.


Electoral history

Constituency elections E Elected
X Incumbent


See also

*
List of premiers of Saskatchewan The premier of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan is the province's head of government since 1905. Saskatchewan uses a unicameral Westminster System, Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party ...


Citations


References

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd, Woodrow Stanley Premiers of Saskatchewan Leaders of the opposition of Saskatchewan Lloyd, Woodrow S. Lloyd, Woodrow S. Leaders of the Saskatchewan CCF/NDP Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation MLAs Saskatchewan New Democratic Party MLAs 20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan