Commissie van Beheer over de Kunstzalen van Arti et Amicitiae 1893

Willink van Collenprijs (''English'': The Willink van Collen Award) is a former Dutch art award, which was awarded for the first time in 1880 by the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitiae. It was intended as an encouragement award for young artists, and was considered as a national counterpart to the

Paris Salon The Salon (), or rarely Paris Salon (French: ''Salon de Paris'' ), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art event in the Western world. At the ...

. Its existence of more than 71 years proves the success of Amsterdam's art policy . For many of its winners, it was a valuable boost to their careers in the Dutch art world. Some of the prize winners were also recognized abroad and remain well known today.

Background

During the " Second Golden Age of Dutch painting", the Dutch painters enjoyed considerable arts patronage from the upper class. This can also be seen in the context of the

Hague School The Hague School () is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of re ...

and the School of Allebé. The Amsterdam-born painter Wilhem Ferdinand Willink van Collen (1847–1881) and his wife Anna Weber-van Bosse were great art lovers. After his death, he bequeathed a sum of 30,000 guilders to the society

Arti et Amicitiae Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular in ...

to set up a trust fund. The aim was to support young artists' income during their difficult initial phase. This also happened at painter's schools like Düsseldorf painter's School, Copenhagen School,

Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School The Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar (German:Großherzoglich-Sächsische Kunstschule Weimar) was founded on 1 October 1860, in Weimar, Germany, by a decree of Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. It existed until 1910, when ...

, the Munich School, Academy of Beaux-Arts to Paris,

Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze () is an instructional art academy in Florence, in Tuscany, in central Italy. It was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. Michelangelo, Benvenuto Cellini and ...

as well as the Barbizon School and the new French

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

to give a chance to the Dutch young generation, too. Rixens jour de vernissage

The annual art exhibition of the

was the most important event, too. It was the centre of the painters of Europe and it was very difficult to be allowed to exhibit there. The Five prizes awarded there were highly desired. It concerned two ''Gold Medals'' (medals of the 1st class) and three ''Silver Medals'' (medals of the 2nd class). Moreover, "Recognitions" and "Honorable Mentions" were pronounced. All this needed an answer in the Netherlands. The board of Directors of the Association "Arti et Amiticitae" decided to hold an annual painting competition for all Dutch artists. Participants were required to reside in the Netherlands, and be under the age of 30. Later, the age limit was raised to 35. The paintings were submitted unsigned, and evaluated by the jury anonymously. Originally, there was a first place, a second place and a third one, a commendation – structured like the prizes of the Paris Salon. Not every prize was awarded every year. This approach was maintained until 1893. The jury had to deal with a problem of a special kind. The standard of entries was quite staggering. In 1891 it was decided to select a more difficult theme, to deter painters with inadequate training. The following year, the jury decided to award no first prize. The reason was: It was felt that "no sufficient artistic value" was presented in the submitted works.

No award and its consequences

In 1893, a competition to design a mural for the organizers' building was announced. Only seven submissions were received, all of which disappointed the jury. For the first time in the history of the award, neither the prize nor the commendation were awarded. In 1894, the executive board decided to proceed differently. Instead of awarding the prize, the award money was spent on acquiring the painting "The Snow" by

George Hendrik Breitner George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923) was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism, he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He p ...

, a study trip for three Rijksacademie of Amsterdam students, and a small scholarship for Dutch artists living in London. This decision upset both painters and the general public. This must be seen in the contemporary social context, because the Willink van Collenprijs had become a national institution. As a consequence, a petition to protest this practice was signed by 29 artists, including famous names like

Hendrik Willem Mesdag Hendrik Willem Mesdag (; 23 February 183110 July 1915) was a Dutch marine painter. Biography He was born in Groningen, the son of the banker Klaas Mesdag and his wife Johanna Wilhelmina van Giffen. Mesdag was encouraged by his father, an a ...

, the brothers

Jacob Jacob, later known as Israel, is a Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions. He first appears in the Torah, where he is described in the Book of Genesis as a son of Isaac and Rebecca. Accordingly, alongside his older fraternal twin brother E ...

and

Willem Maris Willem Maris (18 February 1844 – 10 October 1910) was a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School. Biography He was born in The Hague. Willem was the third in a family of five children. His two brothers Jacob Maris, Jacob and Matthijs Maris ...

Paul Gabriël Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriël or Paul Gabriël (5 July 1828 – 23 August 1903) was a painter, draftsman, watercolorist, and etcher who belonged to the Hague School. Biography Gabriël was born in Amsterdam, the son of the sculptor and paint ...

and Louis Apol. Giving in to the pressure, a competition was organized again in 1896. According to the new rules, there would only be a first prize, and no other places. In the years 1897, 1906, 1909 and 1910, multiple "first prizes" were awarded. Because of political events, the award could not be written out consistently. After 71 years, it was awarded for the last time in 1950.

Some themes

Selected topics were expressed * Among Friends – (1880), * Genre scene from the Dutch family – (1884), * Animal piece – (1886), * Townscape – (1888), * Figure Painting – (1889), * A landscape upholstered – (1890), * In the head – (1891), * An event in the national history – (1892), * Flat mural – (1893), * River face – (1917), * The life of Willem Zwijger – (1932) * Summer – (1935).J. Knoef: ''Van Romantiek tot Realisme. Een bundel kunsthistorische opstellen.'' Den Haag 1947.

List of winners

Winners 1880–1893

*1880

Nicolaas van der Waay Nicolaas van der Waay (1855–1936) was a Dutch decorative artist, watercolorist and lithographer. He worked in many genres, including stamp, coin and banknote designs. He is perhaps best known for the allegorical illustrations he created for the ...

*1881 no first place *1882 Ernst Witkamp *1883

Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (13 February 1855 in Amsterdam – 23 May 1925 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter. He belongs to ''The 2. Golden Age of Dutch Painting''. He is an impressionist of the School of August Allebé, Allebé, bett ...

*1884

Wally Moes Wilhelmina Walburga "Wally" Moes (16 October 1856 – 6 November 1918) was a Dutch genre painter and writer. She specialized in pictures of children. Biography Moes was born in Amsterdam where she attended the Rijksacademie voor Beeldende Kunst ...

*1885

Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht (18 September 1858, Amsterdam - 11 December 1933, The Hague) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter and illustrator, famed for his military art. Life The artist's father, John Cornelis Hoynck van Papendrecht, was an accompli ...

*1886

Jan Voerman Jan Voerman (25 January 1857 – 25 March 1941), also known as Jan Voerman Sr., was a Dutch people, Dutch painter. Personal life Voerman was born in Kampen, Overijssel, Kampen and died in Hattem. Voerman studied at the Rijksakademie van bee ...

*1887

Henry Luyten Henry Luyten or Jan Hendrik Luyten (21 May 1859 in Roermond – 21 January 1945 in Brasschaat) was a Netherlands, Dutch-born Belgium, Belgian painter. He is known for his Genre aer, genre scenes, marines, landscapes, portraits and animal sce ...

*1888

Willem Bastiaan Tholen Willem Bastiaan Tholen (Amsterdam, 13 February 1860 – The Hague, 5 December 1931) was a Dutch painter, draftsman and printmaker with some connections to members of the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movemen ...

*1889

Johannes Evert Hendrik Akkeringa Johannes Evert Hendrik Akkeringa (17 January 1861 – 12 April 1942) was part of the second generation of the Hague School painters. Akkeringa is primarily known for his paintings and watercolor painting, watercolours of women and playing chil ...

*1890 Johannes Graadt van Roggen *1891 no first place *1892 no first place *1893 no prize

Winners from 1896–1950

*1896

Marius Bauer Marius Alexander Jacques Bauer (25 January 1867 – 18 July 1932) was a Dutch painter, etcher and lithographer, best known for his Orientalism, Oriental scenes. His style was largely Impressionistic, although it also derived to some extent fro ...

*1897 Minca Bosch Reitz, Theo Molkenboer,

Johan Vlaanderen Johan may refer to: * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (1921 film), a Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (2005 film), a Dutch romantic comedy film * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Joh ...

*1898 Gerrit Haverkamp *1904 Hendrik Jan Wolter *1905 Cornelis Vreedenburgh *1906 Barend Polvliet,

Lizzy Ansingh Maria Elisabeth Georgina Ansingh (13 March 1875 – 14 December 1959) was a Dutch painter. Ansingh belonged to a group of female post-impressionist painters influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement called the ''Amsterdamse Joffers''. S ...

*1909 Johann Georg van Caspel, Chris van der Hoef, Georg Rueter, David Schulman *1910 Elsa Woutersen-van Doesburgh, Marie van Hove,

Bernard van Beek Bernardus Antonie van Beek (30 January 1875, in Amsterdam – 3 March 1941, in Kortenhoef) was a Dutch landscape painter. He never attended an academy. He was part of the Kortenhoef School, a sub-movement of the Hague School and is thus in th ...

, Ed Gerdes *1913 Gerard Johan Staller *1914 Salomon Garf *1917 Nicolas Friedrich Heinrich Cevat *1937 Helena Elisabeth Goudeket *1939 Theo Kurpershoek *1946 Jacob (Jaap) Visser *1950 Henk Willemse

Gallery of the most prize winners

File:Akkeringa Kinderen aan het strand.jpg, Johannes Akkeringa: ''Kinderen aan het strand''. File:Arntzenius Spuistraat Den Haag.jpg, Floris Arntzenius: ''Spuistraat Den Haag''. File:Turks leger voor Jeruzalem Rijksmuseum SK-A-3150.jpeg, Marius Bauer (Rijksmuseum): ''Turks leger voor Jeruzalem''. File:Bodifee Brug Giethoorn.jpg, Paul Bodifée: ''Brug Giethoorn''. File:Hendrik Johannes Haverman - Jong leven (EGM 1898-1).jpg,

Hendrik Haverman Hendrik Johannes Haverman (23 October 1857, Amsterdam - 11 August 1928, The Hague) was a Dutch artist; known primarily for his portrait drawings. Biography He studied at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam, and the art academie ...

: ''Young Life''. File:De Hoog Wiegen.jpg, Bernard de Hoog: ''Wiegen''. File:Kuypers Rivierscene.jpg, Cornelius Kuypers: ''Zeilschepen op een kalme rivier''. File:Kuypers Boeren op het veld.jpg, Cornelius Kuypers: ''Boeren op het veld''. File:Wally Moes - Sleeping baby.jpg,

: ''Sleeping baby''. File:Artilleristen (2).jpg,

: ''Artilleristen (2)''. File:Johan Thorn Prikker Soleil à midi c1900.jpg,

Johan Thorn Prikker Johan Thorn Prikker (6 June 1868, The Hague - 5 March 1932, Cologne) was a Dutch artist who worked in Germany after 1904. His activities were very eclectic, including architecture, lithography, furniture, stained-glass windows, mosaics, tapestrie ...

: ''Soleil à midi''. File:Smith Vissersvrouw.jpg, Hobbe Smith: ''Vissersvrouw''. File:Willem Bastiaan Tholen - Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen.jpg, Willem Tholen: ''Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen''. File:20140613 Rivierlandschap bij Giethoorn Willem Tholen.jpg, Willem Tholen: ''Rivierlandschap bij Giethoorn''. File:Schilderij Terras 001.jpg, Nicolaas van der Waay: ''Schilderij Terras''. File:JH Wijsmuller - Het uitzetten van de fuiken.jpg,

: ''Looking at the fishing traps''. File:Ernst Witkamp - Bezoek op het atelier.jpg, Ernst Witkamp: ''Bezoek op het atelier''. File:Witsen A carriage at Waterloo Bridge.jpg,

Willem Witsen Willem Arnoldus Witsen (13 August 1860 – 13 April 1923, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and photographer associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. Witsen's work, influenced by James McNeill Whistler, often portrayed calm urban lands ...

: A carriage at Waterloo Bridge. File:View of Hattem, by Jan Voerman.jpg, Jan Voerman: ''View of Hattem''. File:Willem de Zwart - Straat in Montmartre, Parijs, bij winter.jpg,

Willem de Zwart Wilhelmus "Willem" Hendrikus Petrus Johannes de Zwart (16 May 1862 – 11 December 1931) was a Dutch painter, engraver, and watercolorist with many connections to the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement ...

(Rijksmuseum): ''Street at Montmartre''.

Notes

References

Bibliography

* Britta Bley: Vom Staat zur Nation: Zur Rolle der Kunst bei der Herausbildung eines Niederländischen Nationalbewußtseins im langen 19. Jahrhundert. LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004, . *De Bodt, Saskia and Sellink, Manfred. ''Nineteenth Century Dutch Watercolors and Drawings'', Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, 1998. * De Leeuw, Ronald et al. ''The Hague School Dutch Masters of the 19th Century'' (1983) *Sillevis, John, ''Dutch Drawings From the Age of Van Gogh'', Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1992. *Sillevis, John and Tabak, Anne, ''The Hague School Book'', Waanders Uitgegevers, Zwolle, 2004. * Suyver, Renske. ''A Reflection of Holland: The Best of the Hague School in the Rijksmuseum'' (2011) *Müllerschön, Bernd and Maier, Thomas, ''Die Maler der Schule von Barbizon – Wegbereiter des Impressionismus'', Stuttgart, Ed. Thombe, 2002 * Lévêque, Jean-Jaques: ''L'AUBE DE IMPRESSIONNISME – 1848–1869'', ACR, Édition Internationale, Courbevoie, Paris, 2000, * Imanse, Geurt: ''Van Gogh bis Cobra: holländische Malerei 1880–1950''. Hatje, 1980, .

External links

Hague School

Ausstellung "Malerei der Haager Schule"
(German)
Late Hague School

Dissertation Gabriele Schmid "Illusionsräume" (German) {{ACArt Dutch painting Realism (art movement) Impressionism Hague School Modernism Dutch artist groups and collectives