The Welsh Romani language is a variety of the

Romani language Romani ( ; also Romanes , Romany, Roma; ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people. The largest of these are Vlax Romani language, Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers), Balkan Romani (600,000), and Sinte Roma ...

spoken by the

Kale Kale (), also called leaf cabbage, belongs to a group of cabbage (''Brassica oleracea'') cultivars primarily grown for their Leaf vegetable, edible leaves; it has also been used as an ornamental plant. Its multiple different cultivars vary quite ...

subgroup of the

Romani people {{Infobox ethnic group , group = Romani people , image = , image_caption = , flag = Roma flag.svg , flag_caption = Romani flag created in 1933 and accepted at the 1971 World Romani Congress , po ...

, who have been present in

Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...

since the 16th century. Welsh Romani is one of the many

Northern Romani dialects Northern Romani dialects are a group of dialects of the Romani language Romani ( ; also Romanes , Romany, Roma; ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people. The largest of these are Vlax Romani language, Vl ...

. The majority of the vocabulary is of Romani origin but there are a number of

loanword A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term t ...

s from other languages. Welsh loanwords include ''melanō'' ("yellow", from ''melyn''), ''grīga'' ("heather", from ''grug'') and ''kraŋka'' ("crab", from ''cranc''). There are also

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Culture, language and peoples * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England * ''English'', an Amish ter ...

loanwords such as ''vlija'' ("village"), ''spīdra'' ("spider") and ''bråmla'' ("bramble"). Historically the variants of Welsh Romani and

Angloromani Angloromani or Anglo-Romani (literally "English Romani"; also known as Angloromany, Rummaness, or ) is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanichal, a subgroup of the Romani people in the United Kingdom and other parts of the English-speaking w ...

(spoken by the

Romanichal The Romanichal ( ; more commonly known as English Gypsies) are a Romani people, Romani subgroup in the United Kingdom. Many Romanichal speak Angloromani, a mixed language that blends Romani language, Romani vocabulary with English syntax. Roma ...

) constituted the same variant of Romani, known as British Romani. Welsh Romani is closely related to

Scandoromani Scandoromani is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisæl, a subgroup of the Romani people in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly Scandoromani speakers), and Sweden. Subforms are referred to as: * The Norwegian Romani language or Traveller Norw ...

(spoken by

Romanisæl The Romanisael (more commonly known as Swedish Roma and Norwegian Roma or Swedish Taters and Norwegian Taters; ; ; ), are a Romani subgroup who have been resident in Sweden and Norway for some 500 years. The estimated number of Romanisael in Swe ...

in Sweden and Norway),

Scottish Cant Scottish Cant, Scots Romani, Scotch Romani or the Scottish Romani language is a cant and variety of the Romani language spoken by Scottish Lowland Romani, who primarily live in the Scottish Lowlands.Kirk, J. & Ó Baoill, D. ''Travellers and th ...

(spoken by Scottish Lowland Romani in Lowland Scotland) and

Kalo Kalo or KALO may refer to: *A member of certain subgroups of the Romani people of Western and Northern Europe (plural ''kale''): **Calé **Kale (Welsh Roma) **Finnish Kale *The dialects of the Romani language spoken by these groups: ** Caló ** We ...

(Spoken by Kaale in Finland and Sweden). Kale, Romanichal, Romanisæl, Kaale and Scottish Lowland Romani are closely related Romani subgroups which stem from the wave of Romani immigrants who arrived in

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other ge ...

in the 16th century.Bakker (1997) Review of McGowan, The Winchester Confessions. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. Fifth series, 7. (1): 49–50.

Phonology

References

External links

Welsh romani within BritainJohn Roberts Heritage Fund
Northern Romani dialects Welsh language Languages of Wales Languages of the United Kingdom Romani in Wales Extinct languages of Europe {{Romani-stub