Walthard Cell Nest
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Walthard cell rests, sometimes called Walthard cell nests, are a benign cluster of
epithelial Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial ( mesothelial) tissues line the outer surfaces of man ...
cells most commonly found in the
connective tissue Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, a group of cells that are similar in structure, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesod ...
of the
fallopian tubes The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, oviducts or salpinges (: salpinx), are paired tubular sex organs in the human female body that stretch from the ovaries to the uterus. The fallopian tubes are part of the female reproductive sy ...
, but also seen in the
mesovarium The mesovarium is the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries. The ovary is not covered by the mesovarium; rather, it is covered by germinal epithelium. At first, the mesonephros and genital ridge are suspended by ...
,
mesosalpinx The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the level of the fallopian tube The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine ...
and
ovarian The ovary () is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are endoc ...
hilus The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other su ...
.


Appearance

They appear as white/yellow cysts or nodules that can reach a size of 2 millimeters. They typically have elliptical nuclei with a long groove (along the major axis) – so-called "coffee bean" nuclei.


Pathology

It has been suggested that these cell rests are the histogenetic origins of
Brenner tumor Brenner tumours are an uncommon subtype of the Surface epithelial-stromal tumor, surface epithelial-stromal tumour group of Ovarian cancer, ovarian neoplasms. The majority are benign, but some can be malignant. They are most frequently found incid ...
s, due to the
histological Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
similarity of the
epithelium Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial ( mesothelial) tissues line the outer surfaces of man ...
of Walthard cell rests and Brenner tumors to the
urothelium Transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium. Transitional epithelium is a type of tissue that changes shape in response to stretching (stretchable epithelium). The transitional epithelium usually appears cuboidal when relaxed and ...
of the lower
urinary tract The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressu ...
. Also, it has been proposed that Brenner tumors and Walthard cell rests signify urothelial differentiation within the female genital tract.


Eponym

They are named after Swiss
gynecologist Gynaecology or gynecology (see American and British English spelling differences) is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the female reproductive system. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pre ...
Max Walthard (1867–1933), who provided a comprehensive description of them in 1903.


Additional images

Image:Brenner tumour high mag.jpg, High magnification
micrograph A micrograph is an image, captured photographically or digitally, taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnify, magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken ...
of a
Brenner tumor Brenner tumours are an uncommon subtype of the Surface epithelial-stromal tumor, surface epithelial-stromal tumour group of Ovarian cancer, ovarian neoplasms. The majority are benign, but some can be malignant. They are most frequently found incid ...
showing the characteristic '' coffee bean'' nuclei which are also seen in Walthard cell rests.
H&E stain Hematoxylin and eosin stain ( or haematoxylin and eosin stain or hematoxylin–eosin stain; often abbreviated as H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal tissue stains used in histology. It is the most widely used stain in medical diag ...
.


References


Pathology Outline, Fallopian Tubes
*

Histology Gynaecology {{Oncology-stub