Viipuri Province was a historical province of Finland from 1812 to 1945.

History

The predecessor of the province was

Vyborg Governorate Vyborg Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire. It was established in 1744 in newly ceded territories from Swedish Empire, Sweden following the Treaty of Åbo and parts of Saint Petersburg Govern ...

, which was established in 1744 from territories ceded by the

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic regi ...

to Russia in 1721 (

Treaty of Nystad The Treaty of Nystad, or the Treaty of Uusikaupunki, was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721. It was concluded between the Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire on in the then Swedish town of Nystad (, in th ...

) and in 1743 (

Treaty of Åbo The Treaty of Åbo, or the Treaty of Turku, was a peace treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Åbo (Turku) on in the end of the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743. History By the end of the war, the Imperial Russian Army had ...

). These territories originated as parts of the

Viborg and Nyslott County Viborg and Nyslott County (, ) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721. The county was named after the castle towns of Viborg () and Nyslott (, literally ''New Castle''), today located in the towns of Vyborg in Russia and Savonl ...

and

Kexholm County Kexholm County (, ) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721, when the southern part was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad. The capital of the county was Kexholm (), which today is Priozersk. History The coun ...

in 1721, and parts of the

Savolax and Kymmenegård County Savolax and Kymmenegård County (, ) was a county of the Kingdom of Sweden (located in what is now Southeastern Finland) from 1747 to 1775. In 1743, following the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743, part of the County of Kymmenegård and Nyslott ...

in 1743. The governorate was also known as

Old Finland Old Finland (; ; ) is a name used for the areas that Russia gained from Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743), and which were united as the Vyborg Governorate in 1744. During the Finnish War ...

. During the

Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...

, the

Kingdom of Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic country by both area ...

had allied itself with the Russian Empire,

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

and other parties against

Napoleonic France The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

. However, following the

Treaty of Tilsit The Treaties of Tilsit (), also collectively known as the Peace of Tilsit (; ), were two peace treaties signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland, at the end of the War o ...

in 1807, Russia made peace with France. In 1808, supported by France, Russia successfully challenged Swedish control over Finland in the

Finnish War The Finnish War (; ; ) was fought between the Gustavian era, Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established a ...

. In the

Treaty of Fredrikshamn The Treaty of Fredrikshamn, or the Treaty of Hamina, was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia on 17 September 1809. The treaty concluded the Finnish War and was signed in the Finnish town of Fredrikshamn ( Hamina). Russia ...

on September 17, 1809, Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland east of the

Torne River Torne may refer to: * River Torne (England), a river in South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, England * Torne (Finnish and Swedish river) The Torne, also known as the Tornio (, , , , ), is a river in northern Sweden and Finland. For approximately ha ...

to Russia. The Russian Empire reconstituted the new territories into the autonomic

Grand Duchy of Finland The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an Autonomous region, autonomous state within the Russian Empire. Originating in the 16th century as a titular grand duchy held by the Monarc ...

, with the Russian

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

Grand Duke Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly: * in ...

. In 1812, the territories of the

were transferred from Russia proper to the

and established as Viipuri Province. The transfer announced by Tsar

Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon from 495 to 454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas, ruler of the Seleucid Empire 150-145 BC * Pope Alex ...

just before Christmas, on December 23, 1811 O.S. (January 4, 1812 N.S.), can be seen as a symbolic gesture and an attempt to appease the sentiment of the Finnish population, which had just experienced Russian conquest of their country by force. Siestarjoki was transferred to

Saint Petersburg Governorate Saint Petersburg Governorate was a province (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Saint Petersburg. The governorate was composed of of area and 2,112,033 inhabitants. It was bordered by Governorate of Estonia, Estonian and G ...

in 1864. When Finland became independent from Russia in 1917, the status of Viipuri Province remained unchanged. The provincial capital,

Vyborg Vyborg (; , ; , ; , ) is a town and the administrative center of Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Vyborg Bay, northwest of St. Petersburg, east of the Finnish capital H ...

(, ), was at this time the fourth largest city in Finland. Viipuri Province had sided with the

Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR), more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a self-proclaimed socialist state in Finland during the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918. The FSWR was established by the Finnish People's ...

during the

Finnish Civil War The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between Whites (Finland), White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition fr ...

. The Province was important to

Red Finland The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR), more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a self-proclaimed socialist state in Finland during the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918. The FSWR was established by the Finnish People's D ...

for the reason that it shared a border with the

Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

which in turn could send troops and supplies to

World War II

On September 1, 1939,

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

invaded

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and started

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. On September 17, 1939, the USSR, in accordance with the secret protocols of the

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Ge ...

, invaded Poland from the east. Within months, the Soviet Union launched a war against Finland. As a result of this war, Finland was forced to cede territory, including parts of Viipuri Province, to the Soviet Union in the

Moscow Peace Treaty The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The ...

in early 1940. Finland lost its natural border along the Rajajoki River () in the south. 22,973 km², or 71.5 percent of the province on the

Karelian Isthmus The Karelian Isthmus (; ; ) is the approximately stretch of land situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva. Its northwestern boundary is a line from the Bay of Vyborg to the we ...

, including the cities of Viipuri and

Sortavala Sortavala (; Finnish language, Finnish and ; ), previously known as Serdobol () until 1918, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finland, Finni ...

, became part of the newly established

Karelo-Finnish SSR The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union. It existed from 31 March 1940 until it was made part of the Russian SFSR on 16 July 1956 ...

in the Soviet Union. Following the peace treaty, the entire population of the ceded territories, more than four hundred thousand people, was evacuated to central Finland. In 1941 the

Continuation War The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 ...

broke out and Finland recaptured the territories, but in 1944 its forces were pushed back and by the

Moscow Armistice The Moscow Armistice was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War. The Armistice restored the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940, with a number of modi ...

on September 19, 1944, and the

Paris Peace Treaty The Paris Peace Treaties () were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of World War II in 1945. The Paris Peace Conference lasted from 29 July until 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime Allied powers (principally the United Kingdom, ...

in 1947 the territorial losses were confirmed again. Winter war evacuees had returned following the Finnish offensive in 1941 and were evacuated again in 1944 after the Soviet counterattack, and the territories were repopulated by people from other parts of the Soviet Union. This time, the Karelian Isthmus became part of the Vyborgsky and Priozersky districts of the

Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast (, ; ; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). The oblast has an area of and a population of 2,000,997 (2021 Russian census, 2021 Census); up from 1,716,868 recorded in the 2010 Russian census ...

, and only

Ladoga Karelia Ladoga Karelia (, , , Карельское Приладожье, ''Karelskoje Priladožje'' or Северное Приладожье, ''Severnoje Priladožje'') is a historical region of Karelia, currently largely in Russia. Today, the term refers ...

and Border Karelia became part of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. While Ladoga Karelia retained most of its original

toponyms Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper nam ...

, the vast majority of toponyms in the Karelian Isthmus were renamed by the Soviet government around 1948. In 1945 the parts of the province that remained in Finnish hands were renamed

Kymi Province The Kymi Province (, ) was a province of Finland from 1945 to 1997. The Kymi Province was the remainder of the territory from the Viipuri Province after the main part was left to Russia at the Moscow Armistice in 1944. By the Paris Peace Trea ...

, with its center at

Kouvola Kouvola () is a city in Finland and the administrative capital of Kymenlaakso. It is located in the southeastern interior of the country. The population of Kouvola is approximately . It is the most populous municipality in Finland, and the 17th m ...

. The Kymi Province was in turn merged with other provinces into the larger

Southern Finland Province Southern Finland (, ) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia. History On September 1, 1997 the Uusimaa Province, the Kym ...

in 1997.

Maps

Coat of Arms of Viipuri Province.svg, Coat of arms between 1812 and 1917 Viipurin lääni.vaakuna.svg, Coat of arms after 1917

Economy

The area had a well-developed economy due to its proximity to

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

, the capital of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. In 1856

Saimaa Canal The Saimaa Canal (; ; ) is a transportation canal that connects lake Saimaa with the Gulf of Finland near Vyborg, Russia. The canal was built from 1845 to 1856 and opened on 7 September 1856 (Old Style: 26 August 1856). It was overhauled and wi ...

(, Saymensky kanal) was opened, linking

Lake Saimaa Saimaa ( , ; ) is a lake located in the Finnish Lakeland area in southeastern Finland. With a surface area of approximately , it is the largest lake in Finland, and the fourth-largest natural freshwater lake in Europe. The name Saimaa likely co ...

and

Finnish Lakeland Finnish Lakeland or the Finnish lake district ( , "Lake Finland", ) is a large landscape region in central eastern Finland. The hilly, forest-covered landscape of Lakeland Finland's lake plateau is dominated by drumlins and by long sinuous es ...

to the

Vyborg Bay Vyborg Bay (; ; ) is a deep inlet running northeastward near the eastern end of Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The city of Vyborg is located near the head of the gulf. The Monrepos Park is considered a jewel of the bay and a major dra ...

. The development of the province was bolstered further by the construction of the Saint Petersburg–Riihimäki railroad in 1870, the Viborg–Joensuu railroad in 1894 and the Petrograd–Hiitola railroad in 1917.

Granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...

marble Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. It has a crystalline texture, and is ty ...

(in Ruskeala) and

bog iron Bog iron is a form of impure iron deposit that develops in bogs or swamps by the chemical or biochemical oxidation of iron carried in solution. In general, bog ores consist primarily of iron oxyhydroxides, commonly goethite (FeO(OH)). Iron-beari ...

mining as well as

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, truckshydroelectric power plants Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity, almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and also mo ...

were built by Enso in the higher reaches of the

River Vuoksi The Vuoksi (, historically: "Uzerva"; ; ; ) is a river running through the northernmost part of the Karelian Isthmus from Lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland to Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. The river enters Lake Ladoga in three branches, ...

to supply its

pulp and paper mill A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, ...

Administrative divisions

Local districts

In Finnish ''kihlakunta'', in Swedish ''härad''. *Ranta *Äyräpää *Käkisalmi * Kurkijoki now usually transliterated into English as Kurkiyoki (Куркиёки) *Kymi *Lappee *Salmi *Sortavala *Jääski

Cities, towns and municipalities in 1939

Those which were ceded to the Soviet Union during World War II are given ''in italics''. Cities * Hamina

Hamina Hamina (; , , Sweden ) is a List of cities in Finland, town and a Municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located approximately east of the country's capital Helsinki, in the Kymenlaakso Regions of Finland, region, and formerly ...

– Fredrikshamn * Kotka

Kotka Kotka (; ) is a town in Finland, located on the southeastern coast of the country at the mouth of the Kymi River. The population of Kotka is approximately , while the Kotka-Hamina sub-region, sub-region has a population of approximately . It is th ...

*''

Käkisalmi Priozersk (; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Priozersky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the northwestern shore of Lake Ladoga, at the estuary of the northern armlet of the Vuoksi River on the Karelian Isthmus. It i ...

– Kexholm'' *

Lappeenranta Lappeenranta (; ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Karelia. It is located in the southeastern interior of the country and in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Lappeenranta is approximately , while the Lappeenranta sub-r ...

– Villmanstrand
website
*''

– Sordavala''
website
*'' Viipuri – Viborg''
website 1website 2
Towns * Kouvola

*'' Koivisto – Björkö''
website
*''

Lahdenpohja Lahdenpohja (; Finnish and Swedish: ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located west of Petrozavodsk on the Aurajoki River. Population: History ''Lahdenpohja'' liter ...

''
website
*

Lauritsala () is a former Finnish market town in the South Karelia region. It was closed down on 1 January 1967 and was incorporated into Lappeenranta. The present district of Lauritsala comprises only the center of the former town. History Lauritsala ...

(merged into

in 1967) Rural municipalities Finnish/Swedish name. Main village with the same name unless otherwise noted. *'' Antrea – S:t Andree''
website
* Haapasaari – Aspö (merged into

in 1974) *''

Harlu Harlu is a former municipality of Finland located in the present-day Russia. Harlu was part of the Ladoga Karelia district, an area ceded to the Soviet Union in 1940 in the Moscow Peace Treaty. Administratively the area is nowadays part of the ...

''
website
*'' Heinjoki''
website
*''

Hiitola Khiytola (; ) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. History The Finnish name of the settlement (Hiitola) derives from " Hiisi", the name of a forest spirit in Karelian-Finnish mythol ...

''
website
*''

Impilahti Impilahti (; ; ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finland, Finnish border, about west of Petrozavodsk, the capital city of the R ...

– Impilax''
website
*'' Jaakkima''
website
*''

Johannes Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as " John" in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek and Classical Latin variants (Ιωάννης, '' Ioannes''), itself derived from the Hebrew name '' Y ...

''
website
– ''S:t Johannes'' *

Joutseno Joutseno () is a former town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region. The municipality was unilingually Finnish. Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on 1 Jan ...

(merged into

in 2009
website
*''

Jääski Lesogorsky (; ; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, located on the left bank of the Vuoksi River, on the Karelian Isthmus, near the Russia–Finland border, and a station of the Kamennogo ...

– Jäskis'' (partially lost, the rest incorporated into

Imatra Imatra is a city in Finland, located in the southeastern interior of the country. Imatra is located in the region of South Karelia, on Saima, Lake Saimaa and the River Vuoksi. The population of Imatra is approximately , while the Imatra sub-regi ...

and

Ruokolahti Ruokolahti (; ; literally translated the " Reed Bay") is a municipality of Finland, situated in south-eastern Finland, in the region of South Karelia. Neighbouring municipalities are Imatra, Lappeenranta, Taipalsaari, Puumala, Sulkava, Punkaharju, ...

in 1948) *'' Kanneljärvi''
website
*'' Kaukola''
website
*'' Kirvu – Kirvus''
website
*'' Kivennapa – Kivinebb''
website
*'' Koiviston maalaiskunta – Björkö landkommun (Koivisto rural commune)''
website
*'' Korpiselkä'' (partially lost, the rest incorporated into

Tuupovaara Tuupovaara (''Kovero'' until 1913) is a list of former municipalities of Finland, former municipality of Finland, located in the provinces of Finland, province of North Karelia. It was consolidated, together with Kiihtelysvaara, into the municipa ...

in 1946)
website
*''

Kuolemajärvi Pionerskoye (; ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality on Karelian Isthmus, in Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia. Until the Winter War and Continuation War, it had been the ...

''
website
*'' Kurkijoki – Kronoborg''
website
* Kymi – Kymmene (merged into

in 1977) *'' Käkisalmen maalaiskunta – Kexholms landkommun (Käkisalmi rural commune)'' *

Lappee Lappee is an old parish and a List of former municipalities of Finland, former municipality of Finland in the South Karelia region, originally in the Viipuri Province and after the Second World War, the Kymi Province. It was consolidated with Lapp ...

(merged into

in 1967) – Lappvesi *''

Lavansaari Moshchny (; ; , ) is an island in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, located some 120 km west of Saint Petersburg. The island is a part of the Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The area of the island is approximately 13.9 km². After the F ...

– Lövskär''
website
*

Lemi Lemi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of (), which make it the smallest municipality in South Karelia in terms of population. It covers an area of of which is water. The ...

– Klemis *'' Lumivaara''
website
*

Luumäki Luumäki () is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in the Taavetti village. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which ...

*''

Metsäpirtti Zaporozhskoye (; ) is a settlement on Karelian Isthmus, in Priozersky District of Leningrad Oblast. Before the Winter War and Continuation War it was the administrative center of the Metsäpirtti municipality of Finland Finland, officially ...

''
website
*

Miehikkälä Miehikkälä () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the Kymenlaakso regions of Finland, region. The municipality has a population of (), ...

*'' Muolaa – Mohla ( Kyyrölä merged into Muolaa in 1934)''
website
*

Nuijamaa Nuijamaa (; literally translated the " club land") is a former municipality in the province of South Karelia in Finland. The municipality had inhabitants and an area of 136 km² in 1988. Nuijamaa was a Finnish-speaking municipality. Nuijam ...

(merged into

in 1989) *

Parikkala Parikkala () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia regions of Finland, region, from Lappeenranta and from Joensuu. The town ce ...

website
*

Pyhtää Pyhtää () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located in the Kymenlaakso regions of Finland, region, west of the city of Kotka. Overview The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is wa ...

– Pyttis *''

Pyhäjärvi Pyhäjärvi (1993–1995 ''Pyhäsalmi'') is a town and municipality in the south of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. Pyhäjärvi also borders the Northern Savonia and Central Finland regions. The town belongs to the subregion of Nivala–H ...

''
website
*

Rautjärvi Rautjärvi () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality in the South Karelia regions of Finland, region of Finland. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . More than half of ...

website
*''

Rautu Sosnovo (; ) is a rural locality (a logging depot settlement) in Priozersky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, and an important railway station of the Saint Petersburg-Kuznechnoye railroad. Population: 7, ...

– Rautus''
website
*

– Ruokolax
website
*''

Ruskeala Ruskeala (; ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a settlement) under the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, administrative jurisdiction of the city of federal subject significance, town of republic sign ...

'' *'' Räisälä''
website
*

Saari Saari means ''island'' in Finnish and may refer to *Saari (name) *Saari, Finland, a former municipality *Saari, Estonia, a village *Saari language in Cameroon *Tarujen Saari, a Finnish folk-rock group *''Saari Bhool Hamari Thi'', a 2013 Pakistani d ...

(merged into

in 2005)
website
*'' Sakkola''
website
*''

Salmi Salmi may refer to: Places * Salmi (rural locality), a rural locality (a settlement) in the Republic of Karelia, Russia * Salmi (air base), a former Soviet air base People * Albert Salmi (1928–1990), American actor * Hazel Salmi (1893–1986 ...

– Salmis''
website
*

Savitaipale Savitaipale (; literally translated the "clay passage") is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Karelia regions of Finland, region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of whi ...

*''

Seiskari Seskar (; ; ), or Siskar, is an island in the Gulf of Finland, part of the Leningrad Oblast of Russia. Important Bird Area The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of ...

– Seitskär'' *

Simpele Simpele is an urban area and a former municipality of Finland in the South Karelia region, originally in the Viipuri Province and after the Second World War, the Kymi Province. It was consolidated with Rautjärvi in 1973, becoming its new admini ...

(merged into

in 1973) *

Sippola Sippola is a List of former municipalities of Finland, former municipality of Finland in the former Kymi Province, now in Kymenlaakso. In 1975, it united with neighboring Anjala to form Anjalankoski, which was later merged into Kouvola in 2009. ...

(merged into

Anjalankoski Anjalankoski is a former town and List of former municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It had 16 379 inhabitants in 2008. About 4/5 of the people live in the vicinity of the Kymi River. The most densely populated communities are My ...

in 1975) *'' Soanlahti'' *'' Sortavalan maalaiskunta – Sordavala landkommun (Sortavala rural commune)'' *'' Suistamo''
website
*''

Suojärvi Suoyarvi (; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Suoyarvsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located northwest of Petrozavodsk. Population: History It is known that during the 16th and 17th centuries a settlement exist ...

''
website
*

Suomenniemi Suomenniemi is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with Mikkeli on 1 January 2013. It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the South Karelia region. The municipality had a population of (31 December ...

*'' Suursaari – Hogland'' *'' Säkkijärvi'' (partially lost, the rest incorporated into

and

Ylämaa Ylämaa (; literally translated the "Highland") is a former municipality of Finland, located in the province of Southern Finland as part of the South Karelia region. It was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2010.Taipalsaari Taipalsaari is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Ne ...

*''

Terijoki Zelenogorsk (), known as Terijoki prior to 1948 (a name still used in Finnish and Swedish), is a municipal town in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located in part of the Karelian Isthmus on the shore of t ...

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website
*''

Tytärsaari Bolshoi Tyuters (; ; ; ) is an island in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, located away from the coast of Finland, to the south-east from Hogland. The island is a part of the Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The area is approximately . There are ...

– Tytärskär'' *

Uukuniemi Uukuniemi is a former municipality of Finland. It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the South Karelia region. The municipality had a population of 516 (2003) and it covered an area of 156.58 km² of which 54. ...

(merged into

in 2005)
website
*'' Uusikirkko – Nykyrka''
website
*'' Vahviala'' (partially lost, the rest incorporated into

and

Ylämaa Ylämaa (; literally translated the "Highland") is a former municipality of Finland, located in the province of Southern Finland as part of the South Karelia region. It was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2010.Valkeala Valkeala is a former municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland, and is a neighborhood of city of Kouvola, and it was a part of the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality had a population of 11,238 (2003) and cove ...

(merged into

in 2009 *'' Valkjärvi''
website
*

Vehkalahti Vehkalahti () is a List of former municipalities of Finland, former municipality surrounding the town of Hamina in south-eastern Finland. At the beginning of 2003 Hamina and Vehkalahti combined to form a new town of Hamina. History These souther ...

– Veckelax (merged into

in 2003) *''

Viipurin maalaiskunta Viipurin maalaiskunta, , is a former municipality in Finland. It consisted of the rural districts around the city of Viipuri. It was ceded to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic after Finland's defeat in the Winter War and the Conti ...

– Viborgs landkommun (Viipuri rural commune)'' *

Virolahti Virolahti (; ) is the southeasternmost municipality of Finland on the border of Russia. It is located in the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of , of which is water. The population density is . The m ...

– Vederlax
website
*'' Vuoksela''
website
*'' Vuoksenranta'' *

Ylämaa Ylämaa (; literally translated the "Highland") is a former municipality of Finland, located in the province of Southern Finland as part of the South Karelia region. It was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2010.Lappeenranta Lappeenranta (; ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Karelia. It is located in the southeastern interior of the country and in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Lappeenranta is approximately , while the Lappeenranta sub-r ...

in 2010
website
*''

Äyräpää Baryshevo (; ) is a rural locality on Karelian Isthmus, in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast. It is situated on the southern shore of Vuoksi River. Until the Winter War and Continuation War, it had been the administrative center of the ...

(main village –

Pölläkkälä Baryshevo (; ) is a rural locality on Karelian Isthmus, in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast. It is situated on the southern shore of Vuoksi River. Until the Winter War and Continuation War, it had been the administrative center of the � ...

)''

Electoral districts

Following the electoral reform to the new

Parliament of Finland The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the Unicameralism, unicameral and Parliamentary sovereignty, supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that ...

in 1906, the province was divided into an Eastern and a Western electoral district. Western electoral district Haapasaari, Hamina, Johannes, Kanneljärvi, Koivisto, Koiviston maalaiskunta, Kotka, Kouvola, Kuolemajärvi, Kymi, Lappee, Lappeenranta, Lauritsala, Lavansaari, Lemi, Luumäki, Miehikkälä, Nuijamaa, Pyhtää, Savitaipale, Seiskari, Sippola, Suomenniemi, Suursaari, Säkkijärvi, Taipalsaari, Tytärsaari, Uusikirkko, Vahviala, Valkeala, Vehkalahti, Viipuri, Viipurin maalaiskunta, Virolahti, Ylämaa. Eastern electoral district Antrea, Harlu, Heinjoki, Hiitola, Impilahti, Jaakkima, Joutseno, Jääski, Kaukola, Kirvu, Kivennapa, Korpiselkä, Kurkijoki, Käkisalmen maalaiskunta, Käkisalmi, Lahdenpohja, Lumivaara, Metsäpirtti, Muolaa, Parikkala, Pyhäjärvi, Rautjärvi, Rautu, Ruokolahti, Ruskeala, Räisälä, Sakkola, Salmi, Simpele, Soanlahti, Sortavala, Sortavalan maalaiskunta, Suistamo, Suojärvi, Terijoki, Uukuniemi, Valkjärvi, Vuoksela, Vuoksenranta, Äyräpää.

Gallery

Governors

Governors of the Viipuri Province 1812–1945: * Carl Johan Stjernvall 1812–1815 * Carl Johan Walleen 1816–1820 * Otto Wilhelm Klinckowström 1820–1821 (acting) and 1821–1825 * Carl August Ramsay 1825–1827 (acting) and 1827–1834 * Carl Gustaf Mannerheim 1834–1839 * Fredric Stewen 1839–1844 * Casimir von Kothen 1844–1846 (acting) and 1846–1853 * Alexander Thesleff 1853–1856 * Bernhard Indrenius 1856–1866 *

Christian Theodor Åker-Blom A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ'' and ''Chr ...

1866–1882 *

Woldemar von Daehn Woldemar Carl von Daehn (20 February 1838 in Sippola – 28 December 1900) was a Finnish politician. He was a member of the Senate of Finland and Minister–Secretary of State for Finland. Biography His family was originally from Braunschweig ...

1882–1885 * Sten Carl Tudeer 1885–1888 (acting) and 1888–1889 * Johan Axel Gripenberg 1889–1899 * Nikolai von Rechenberg 1900–1902 * Nikolai Mjasojedov 1902–1905 * Konstantin Kazansky 1905 (acting) and 1905 * Mikael von Medem 1905–1906 (acting) * Nikolai von Rechenberg 1906–1907 * Birger Gustaf Samuel von Troil 1907–1910 * Frans Carl Fredrik Josef von Pfaler 1910–1917 * Vilho Sarkanen (acting) 1917 * Valfrid Suhonen (acting) 1917–1918 * Antti Hackzell 1918–1920 *

Lauri Kristian Relander Lauri Kristian Relander ( , ; 31 May 1883 – 9 February 1942) was the second president of Finland (1925–1931). A prominent member of the Agrarian League, he served as a member of Parliament, and as Speaker, before his election as Preside ...

1920–1925 * Arvo Manner 1925–1945 Both the second

President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland (; ) is the head of state of Finland. The incumbent president is Alexander Stubb, since 1 March 2024. He was elected president for the first time in 2024 Finnish presidential election, 2024. The presi ...

and Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, grandfather of the sixth President,

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman. He served as the military leader of the White Guard (Finland), Whites in the Finnish Civil War (1918), as List of ...

, were governors of Viipuri province.

Notable people

People born in Viipuri Province between 1812 and 1917, when it was part of the

Carl Jaenisch Carl Ferdinand von Jaenisch (; April 11, 1813 – March 7, 1872) was a Finnish and Russian chess player and theorist. In the 1840s, he was among the top players in the world.Adriano Chicco, Giorgio Porreca, ''Dizionario enciclopedico degli sc ...

(1813–1872) Finnish and Russian chess player and theorist * Stephen Wäkevä (1833 in Säkkijärvi - 1910) Russian silversmith of Finnish origin,

Fabergé workmaster A Fabergé workmaster was a skilled craftsman who owned his own workshop and produced jewelry, silver or objets d'art for the House of Fabergé. When Carl Fabergé took over the running of the business in 1882, its output increased so rapidly t ...

Julius Krohn Julius Leopold Fredrik Krohn (19 April 1835 – 28 August 1888) was a Finnish folk poetry researcher, professor of Finnish literature, poet, hymn writer, translator and journalist. He was born in Viipuri and was of Baltic German origin. Krohn ...

(1835, Viipuri - 1888) Finnish poetry researcher, professor of

Finnish literature Finnish literature refers to literature written in Finland. During the European early Middle Ages, the earliest text in a Finnic language is the unique thirteenth-century Birch bark letter no. 292 from Novgorod. The text was written in Cyrilli ...

and

Fennoman The Fennoman movement or Fennomania was a Finnish nationalist movement in the 19th-century Grand Duchy of Finland, built on the work of the ''fennophile'' interests of the 18th and early-19th centuries. History After the Crimean War, Fennoman ...

Leo Mechelin Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin (24 November 1839 – 26 January 1914), known as Leo Mechelin, was a Finland, Finnish politician, professor, Liberalism, liberal reformer and businessman. A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy ...

(1839 in Hamina – 1914) Finnish professor, statesman, senator and liberal reformer *

Kaarlo Bergbom Kaarlo Bergbom (2 October 1843, Viipuri – 17 January 1906, Helsinki) was a Finnish theatre director. He was also the founder of the Finnish National Theatre, the first Finnish language theatre company. He was joint director of the Finnish ...

(1843, Viipuri – 1906) theatre director, founded the

Finnish National Theatre The Finnish National Theatre (), established in 1872, is a theatre located in central Helsinki on the northern side of the Helsinki Central Railway Station Square. The Finnish National Theatre is the oldest Finnish speaking professional thea ...

* Lydia Sesemann (1845–1925) Finnish doctor of chemistry *

Evald Relander Evald Kristian Relander (January 7, 1856 – October 9, 1926) was a Finnish teacher and banker who received the title of agricultural councillor (''maanviljelysneuvos''). His son was Lauri Kristian Relander, the second President of the Republic o ...

(1856–1926), Finnish agronomist, rector and banker *

Alexandra Gripenberg Alexandra Gripenberg, also known as Alexandra van Grippenberg, (1857 – 24 December 1913) was a Finnish social activist, author, editor, newspaper publisher, and elected politician, and was a leading voice within the movement for women's rights ...

(1857, Kurkiyoki innish ''Kurkijoki''- 1913) Finnish social activist, newspaper publisher and

Ernst Löfström Ernst Löfström (31 May 1865 – 5 January 1937) was a Finnish general in World War I and the Finnish Civil War. He fought on the side of the whites. He died in Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of citie ...

(1865–1937) Finnish general *

Gustaf Komppa Gustaf Komppa (28 July 1867 in Viipuri – 20 January 1949 in Helsinki) was a Finnish chemist best known for a world-first in commercializing total synthesis, that of camphor in 1903. Komppa was born in Viipuri in 1867. While in secondary scho ...

(1867, Viipuri – 1949), Finnish chemist *

Armas Järnefelt Edvard Armas Järnefelt (14 August 1869 – 23 June 1958), was a Finnish and Swedish conductor and composer, who achieved some minor success with his orchestral works (1904) and ''Praeludium'' (1900). He spent much of his conducting career ...

(1869, Viipuri – 1958), Finnish composer and conductor *

Magnus Enckell Knut Magnus Enckell (9 November 1870 in Hamina – 27 November 1925 in Stockholm) was a Finnish symbolist painter. At first, he painted with a subdued palette, but from 1902 onwards, used increasingly bright colors. He was a leading member of the ...

(1870 in Hamina – 1925) Finnish symbolist painter *

Georg Schnéevoigt Georg Lennart Schnéevoigt (8 November 1872 – 28 November 1947) was a Finnish Conducting, conductor and cellist, born in Vyborg, Grand Duchy of Finland, which is now in Russia, to Ernst Schnéevoigt and Rosa Willandt. Career Schnéevoigt ...

(1872–1947) Finnish conductor and cellist *

Hugo Simberg Hugo Gerhard Simberg (24 June 1873 – 12 July 1917) was a Finland, Finnish Symbolism (movement), symbolist painter and graphic artist. Life and career Simberg was born on 24 June 1873, at Hamina (), Finland, the son of Colonel Nicolai Simberg ...

(1873–1917) Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist. *

Erkki Melartin Erkki Gustaf Melartin (7 February 1875 – 14 February 1937) was a Finnish composer, conductor, and teacher of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods. Melartin is generally considered to be one of Finland's most significant national Romant ...

(1875 in Käkisalmi – 1937) Finnish composer * Ernst Mielck (1877 in Viipuri – 1899), Finnish composer *

Onni Talas Onni Eugen Aleksander Talas (15 June 1877 – 3 May 1958; till 1895 Gratschoff) was a Finnish lawyer, politician, professor and diplomat, and was a member of the Senate of Finland. Talas was born in Lappeenranta. He was the Chargé d'affaires ...

(1877 in Lappeenranta — 1958) Finnish lawyer, politician, professor and diplomat *

Aino Kallas Aino Krohn Kallas (2 August 1878 – 9 November 1956) was a Finnish-Estonian author. Her novellas are considered to be prominent pieces of Finnish literature.Uno Ullberg Uno Werner Ullberg (15 February 1879 in Vyborg, Viipuri – 12 January 1944 in Helsinki) was a famous Finnish architect. Background Educated in Helsinki, Ullberg returned to his home town Viipuri in 1906. He drew most of his buildings in Viipu ...

(1879, Viipuri – 1944), Finnish architect *

(1883, Kurkiyoki – 1942), second

Kersti Bergroth Kersti Solveig Bergroth (24 January 1886 – 24 January 1975) was a Finnish author and playwright. Career Bergroth was known to have been linguistically gifted. She wrote in Swedish until 1920, translated English and French literature to Finnis ...

(1886–1975) Finnish author and playwright. * Algoth Niska (1888, Viipuri – 1954), a Finnish bootlegger, footballer and adventurer *

Juho Niukkanen Juho Niukkanen (27 July 1888 in Kirvu – 17 May 1954 in Helsinki) was a Finnish politician prior to, during, and after the Winter War. He was a member of parliament from 1916 to 1933 and again from 1936 to 1954, and represented the Agrarian Pa ...

(1888 in Kirvu – 1954), Finnish minister *

Karl Lennart Oesch Karl Lennart Oesch (8 August 1892 – 28 March 1978) was one of Finland's leading generals during World War II. He held a string of high staff assignments and front commands, and at the end of the Continuation War commanded three Finnish army co ...

(1892 in Pyhäjärvi – 1978), Finnish general * Elsa Arokallio (1892 in Kurkiyoki - 1982) Finnish architect *

Edwin Linkomies Edwin Johannes Hildegard Linkomies (22 December 1894 – 9 September 1963, until 1928 ''Edwin Flinck)'' was Prime Minister of Finland from March 1943 to August 1944, and one of the seven politicians sentenced to five and a half years in pri ...

(1894, Viipuri – 1963), Prime Minister of Finland *

Väinö Kunnas Väinö Ilmari Kunnas (12 April 1896 in Vyborg – 10 February 1929 in Helsinki) was a Finnish Expressionism, Expressionist painter. During his brief career, he went from Expressionism to experiment with more abstract modern styles. His major w ...

(1896–1929) Finnish Expressionist painter * Saara Ranin (1898 in Hamina – 1992) Finnish actress and director *

Tyyne Leivo-Larsson Tyyne Lilja Leivo-Larsson (née Leivo; 3 March 1902 Uusikirkko – 1 August 1977 Helsinki) was a Finnish Ambassador and MP. She was the first Finnish woman to serve as Ambassador in Oslo from 1958 to 1966 and as Envoy to Reykjavík in 1958–1964 ...

(1902 in Uusikirkko – 1977) Finnish Ambassador and MP *

Cay Sundström Carl-Johan (Cay) Sundström (1 July 1902, in Hamina – 5 March 1959, in Stockholm) was a Finnish dentist, politician and diplomat. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1936 to 1941 and again from 1944 to 1945, representing first th ...

(1902 in Hamina - 1959) Finnish dentist, politician and diplomat *

Simo Häyhä Simo Häyhä (; 17December 1905 1April 2002), often referred to by his nickname The White Death (; ), was a Finnish military sniper during World War II in the 1939–1940 Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union. He used a Finnish-produce ...

(born 1905, Rautjärvi - 2002), Finnish soldier *

Helvi Hämäläinen Helvi Hämäläinen (16 June 1907 – 17 January 1998) was a Finnish writer who published dozens of books of prose and poetry during her six decade writing career. Biography Helvi Heleena Hämäläinen was born in Hamina, 16 June 1907. She moved ...

(1907 in Hamina – 1998) Finnish author, published prose and poetry *

Viljo Vesterinen Viljo "Vili" Vesterinen (26 March 1907 – 18 May 1961) was a Finland, Finnish accordionist and composer. Vesterinen was born in Terijoki. He studied piano and cello at the Vyborg Music Institute, but as an accordionist he was self-taught. Ves ...

(1907 in Terijoki – 1961) Finnish accordionist and composer. *

Sam Vanni Sam Vanni (till 1941 Samuel Besprosvanni; 6 July 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Finnish painter. He is considered to be the pioneer of abstract art in Finland.abstract art Abstract art uses visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a Composition (visual arts), composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. ''Abstract art'', ''non-figurative art'', ''non- ...

Veikko Lavi Toivo Veikko Vepa Lavi (23 April 1912 – 22 May 1996) was a Finnish singer, songwriter and author, born in Kotka. Lavi made his first album in the early 1950s and became popular again in the late 1960s. His best known hit was perhaps ''Jokainen ...

(1912 in Kotka – 1996) Finnish singer, songwriter and author *

Harry Lindblad Harry Gustaf Lindblad (30 July 1912 – 2 February 1984) was a Finnish ice hockey administrator, coach and player. He served as the Finnish Ice Hockey Association president for 18 years, after five years as its vice-president. During this time, ...

(1912–1984) President of the Finnish Ice Hockey Association *

Armi Ratia Armi Maria Ratia née Airaksinen (13 July 1912 – 3 October 1979) was the co-founder of the Finnish textile and clothing company Marimekko Oy. She is among Finland's most famous female entrepreneur Entrepreneurship is the creation or extra ...

(1912 Pälkjärvi – 1979) founder of the Finnish textile and clothing company

Marimekko Marimekko Corporation () is a Finland, Finnish textiles, clothing, and home furnishings company founded by Viljo and Armi Ratia in Helsinki in 1951. Marimekko made important contributions to fashion in the 1960s. It is particularly noted for it ...

Sylvi Saimo Sylvi Riitta Saimo ( ''Sikiö'', 12 November 1914 – 12 March 2004) was a Finnish sprint canoeist and politician. She was the first female Finnish Olympic Champion at the Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal in K-1 500 m at the 1952 Summer Oly ...

(1914 in Jaakkima – 2004) Finnish sprint canoeist, gold medalist,

1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics (, ), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad (, ) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in Helsinki, Finland. After Japan declared in ...

Wassily Hoeffding Wassily Hoeffding (June 12, 1914 – February 28, 1991) was a Finnish-born American statistician and probabilist. Hoeffding was one of the founders of nonparametric statistics, in which Hoeffding contributed the idea and basic results on U-stat ...

(1914 in Mustamäki – 1991) Finnish statistician and probabilist *

Johannes Virolainen Johannes Virolainen (; 31 January 1914 – 11 December 2000) was a Finnish politician and who served as 30th Prime Minister of Finland, helped inhabitants of Karelia, and opposed the use of alcohol. Virolainen was born near Viipuri. After the C ...

(1914 near Viipuri - 2000), 30th

Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland (; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and his or her cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol after the president ...

Masa Niemi Martti "Masa" Elis Niemi (20 July 1914 – 3 May 1960) was a Finnish actor, comedian, musician and entertainer. He is best known from his role as Pätkä in the ''Pekka and Pätkä'' films. Early life Martti Elias Niemi was the youngest of the ...

(1914, Viipuri – 1960) drummer, actor and comedian * Mikhail Bogdanov (1914–1995) a Soviet

production designer In film and television, a production designer is the individual responsible for the overall aesthetic of the story. The production design gives the viewers a sense of the time period, the plot location, and character actions and feelings. Work ...

* Ester Toivonen (1914 in Hamina — 1979)

Miss Finland Miss Suomi (Finnish language, Finnish for ''Miss Finland'') is a national beauty pageant in Finland. The pageant was founded in 1931, where the winners were sent to Miss Universe. History The Miss Suomi was held for the first time in 1931. B ...

in 1933,

Miss Europe Miss Europe is a beauty pageant for women from all over Europe. It was established in February 1927 by , the European distributor of Paramount, as a one-off event where the winner was to star in a film directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. A ...

1934, then film star *

Erna Tauro Erna Tauro ( Pergament; 16 August 1916 4 June 1993), was a Finnish-Swedish pianist and composer, as well as a theatre musician and teacher. She is remembered for her collaboration with Tove Jansson. Biography Erna Pergament was born in 1916, in ...

(1916–1993) Finnish-Swedish pianist and composer For people born after 1917 in

References

External links

Luovutettu Karjala
Ceded Karelia. Website *Sopanen, Olli-Matti.
Viipurin läänin historiallinen bibliografia, 1812-1944
Temaattinen kirjallisuusluettelo Suomen autonomian ja itsenäisyyden ajan Viipurin lääniä käsittelevistä teoksista''.

University of Joensuu The University of Eastern Finland () is a university in Finland, which was founded in 2010 and has campuses in Joensuu and Kuopio. History The Finnish Parliament passed the Universities Act on June 16, 2009, which, among other things, extended ...

, 2004. *Knipovich, Nikolay
Vyborg gubernia
''

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary'' (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in the Russian Em ...

''.
История селений
ИКО "Карелия" {{Authority control History of the Karelian Isthmus History of Vyborg Provinces of Finland (1917–1997) Viipuri 1812 establishments in the Russian Empire

History

World War II

Maps

Economy

Administrative divisions

Local districts

Cities, towns and municipalities in 1939

Electoral districts

Gallery

Governors

Notable people

References

See also

Further reading

External links