Vietnamese Braille is the

braille Braille ( , ) is a Tactile alphabet, tactile writing system used by blindness, blind or visually impaired people. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone device ...

alphabet used for the

Vietnamese language Vietnamese () is an Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language Speech, spoken primarily in Vietnam where it is the official language. It belongs to the Vietic languages, Vietic subgroup of the Austroasiatic language family. Vietnamese is s ...

. It is very close to

French Braille French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of :Innovative braille scripts, almost :French-ordered braille scripts, all others. The collation, alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille conven ...

(and thus to a lesser degree to

English Braille English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English ...

), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as ''chữ nổi'', literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are called ''màn hình chữ nổi''.

Alphabet

Apart from ''đ'' (which is brailled as In 2009, Vietnamese Braille changed so that ''đ'' is produced with dots ; ''d'' and ''z'' follow French braille. (''Braille in Asia'' published by the Mitsubishi Foundation and distributed by the Japan Braille Library). and the addition of five tone letters, the Vietnamese Braille alphabet is nearly identical to

: the only other difference is the substitution of Vietnamese ''ư ơ'' for French ''ü œ'', and the dropping of those letters which are not needed in Vietnamese. However, because of the tone letters, the design is different: Vietnamese Braille has separate letters for vowels and tones, so the French Braille letters for ''é à è ù'' are not used; they are written instead as tone ◌́ or ◌̀ plus the vowels ''a e u''. * One braille letter is used for each Latin letter. * Tone letters (transcribing the diacritics ◌̉ ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̃ ◌̣) are written immediately before the vowel. For example,

Punctuation

Notes

{{Braille Vietnamese Braille

Alphabet

Punctuation

See also

Notes