Valence or valency may refer to:

Science

Valence (chemistry) In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemica ...

, a measure of an element's combining power with other atoms * Valence electron, electrons in the outer shell of an atom's energy levels *

Valence quark In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies Flavour (particle physics), ...

s, those

quark A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nucleus, atomic nuclei ...

s within a

hadron In particle physics, a hadron is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. Pronounced , the name is derived . They are analogous to molecules, which are held together by the electri ...

that determine the hadron's

quantum number In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed. The traditional set of quantu ...

s * Degree (graph theory), also called the valency of a vertex in graph theory *

Valency (linguistics) In linguistics, valency or valence is the number and type of arguments and complements controlled by a predicate, content verbs being typical predicates. Valency is related, though not identical, to subcategorization and transitivity, which c ...

, aspect of verbs relative to other parts of speech * Valence (psychology) or hedonic tone, the (emotional) value associated with an event, object or situation

Places

France

* Valence, Charente, a commune in the Charente department * Valence, Drôme, Drôme, a commune and prefecture of the Drôme department ** University of Valence, a medieval university * Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne, a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department * Canton of Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne department * Arrondissement of Valence, Drôme department * Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence * Valence-d'Albigeois, in the Tarn department * Valence-en-Brie, in the Seine-et-Marne department * Valence-en-Poitou, in the Vienne department * Valence-sur-Baïse, in the Gers department * Bourg-lès-Valence, in the Drôme department

England

* River Valency, Cornwall * Valence House, London

Spain

*The French-language name for the city of

Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...

, Spain

People

* Amasio Valence (born 1979), Fijian rugby union player * David Valence (born 1981), French politician * Maurice Valency (1903–1996), American playwright, author, critic and professor * Aymer de Valence (bishop) (c. 1220–1260), bishop of Winchester * William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1225–1296), French nobleman who played an important role in English politics * Valence Mendis (born 1958), fourth bishop of Chilaw

Other uses

* Valence Technology, an American battery manufacturer