''Uromycladium'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

rust fungi Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are ...

in the family

Pileolariaceae The Pileolariaceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. A 2008 estimate places contains 4 genera and 34 species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

. It was

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

by mycologist

Daniel McAlpine Daniel McAlpine (21 January 1849 – 12 October 1932) was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology. He wrote several publications on plant disease in many crops and other plants. McAlpine was a lecturer i ...

in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was established by McAlpine for rusts on ''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Austral ...

'' (

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

, subfamily

Mimosoideae The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petal ...

) with

teliospore Teliospore (sometimes called teleutospore) is the thick-walled resting spore of some fungi (Rust (fungus), rusts and Smut (fungus), smuts), from which the basidium arises. Development They develop in ''telium, telia'' (sing. ''telium'' or ''telio ...

s that clustered at the top of a pedicel.Doungsa-ard, C., McTaggart, A.R., Geering, A.D.W., Dalisay, T.U., Ray, J. Shivas, R.G. 2015. ''Uromycladium falcatarium'' sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on ''Paraserianthes falcataria'' in south-east Asia. Australasian Plant Pathol. 44: 25–30. DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z The genus contains at least 11 species. Some of these species infect plants in the family

including ''

'', '' Paraserianthes'' and '' Falcataria''. Most species are considered to be specific to only one

host A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places * Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County * Host Island, in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica People * ...

species of plant, such as ''

Uromycladium simplex ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust (fungus), rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann My ...

'' on ''

Acacia pycnantha ''Acacia pycnantha'', most commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae. It grows to a height of and has phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks) instead of true leaves. The profuse fragrant, golden flowers appear in late ...

''McAlpine, Daniel (1906). The rusts of Australia their structure, nature and classification. Department of Agriculture (Victoria). pp. 110–12. and ''

Uromycladium falcatarium ''Uromycladium falcatarium'' (falcataria gall rust fungus) is a species of rust fungus in the genus ''Uromycladium''. It was circumscribed by mycologists Doungsa-ard, McTaggart & Shivasin in 2015.Doungsa-ard, C., McTaggart, A.R., Geering, A.D.W ...

'' on ''

Falcataria moluccana ''Falcataria falcata'' (syns. Albizia falcata, Falcataria moluccana and Paraserianthes falcataria), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, ...

''. ''

Uromycladium tepperianum ''Uromycladium tepperianum'' is a rust fungus that infects over 100 species of ''Acacia'' and related genera including '' Paraserianthes'' in Australia, south-east Asia, the south Pacific and New Zealand.Morris, M.J. (1987). Biology of the ''Ac ...

'', on the other hand, has almost 100 known hosts including plants from several

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

. However, research suggests that this species may comprise several unrecognized taxa with narrower host ranges.

Species

Species include: *''

Uromycladium acaciae ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establi ...

'' (Cooke) P.Syd. & Syd., 1914. *''

Uromycladium alpinum ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establi ...

'' McAlpine, 1906. *''

Uromycladium bisporum ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establi ...

'' McAlpine, 1906. *''

Uromycladium cubense ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establi ...

'' Arthur & J.R.Johnst., 1918. *''

'' Doungsa-ard, et al., 2015. Present in

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

, and

Timor Leste Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and ...

*'' Uromycladium fusisporum'' (Cooke & Massee) Savile, 1971. Present in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

*'' Uromycladium maritimum'' McAlpine, 1905. *'' Uromycladium morrisii'' Doungsa-ard, McTaggart, Geering & RG Shivas, 2018. Native to

, introduced to

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

as a

biological control Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or o ...

agent *'' Uromycladium naracoortensis'' *'' Uromycladium notabile'' (F.Ludw.) McAlpine, 1906. Present in

*'' Uromycladium robinsonii'' McAlpine, 1906. Present in Australia *''

'' McAlpine, 1905. Present in Australia *''

'' (Sacc.) McAlpine, 1905. Present in

. Introduced to

Ecology

The rust fungi in the genus ''Uromycladium'' typically form enlarged

gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or war ...

s at the end of actively growing plant tissues. These galls can be a significant disease limiting the growth and survival of trees planted for commercial tree plantations and

agroforestry Agroforestry (also known as agro-sylviculture or forest farming) is a land use management system that integrates trees with crops or pasture. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies. As a polyculture system, an agroforestry system c ...

. The acacia gall rust fungus species ''

'' has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control on the invasive Australian shrub ''

Acacia saligna ''Acacia saligna'', commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, willow wattle, orange wattle, blue-leafed wattle, Western Australian golden wattle, and, in Africa, Port Jackson willow, is a small tree in the family ...

''. The galls of ''

'' have been reported to be used by moths in the families

Gracillariidae Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, ''Cameraria ...

Tortricidae The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genu ...

Tineidae Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. ...

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyr ...

, and

Stathmopodidae Stathmopodidae is a family of moths in the moth Taxonomic rank, superfamily Gelechioidea described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. Taxonomy and systematics *''Actinoscelis'' Meyrick, 1912 *''Aeoloscelis'' Meyrick, 1897 *''Arauzona'' Walker,

865 __NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Carloman receives Bavaria (with more l ...

*' ...

as food sources and

domatium A domatium (plural: domatia, from the Latin "domus", meaning home) is a tiny chamber that houses arthropods, produced by a plant. Ideally domatia differ from galls in that they are produced by the plant rather than being induced by their inhabi ...

for their larvae in Australia.New, T. R. 1982. Lepidoptera from ''Uromycladium'' galls on ''Acacia''. Australian Journal of Zoology 30(2): 357–364. Specifically in the family

the species '' Polysoma eumetalla'' and '' Conopomorpha heliopla'' are found feeding on the surface of various species of acacia rust galls. '' Erechthias mystacinella'' and '' Opogona comptella'' moth larvae from the family

have been reported to live and feed on the inside of ''

'' galls.

References

External links

''Uromycladium'' on Encyclopedia of Life
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10711033 Basidiomycota genera Pucciniales Taxa named by Daniel McAlpine Taxa described in 1905