''Uromycladium'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist

Daniel McAlpine Daniel McAlpine (21 January 1849 – 12 October 1932) was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology. He wrote several publications on plant disease in many crops and other plants. McAlpine was a lecturer i ...

in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was established by McAlpine for rusts on ''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Austral ...

'' (

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

, subfamily Mimosoideae) with

teliospore Teliospore (sometimes called teleutospore) is the thick-walled resting spore of some fungi (Rust (fungus), rusts and Smut (fungus), smuts), from which the basidium arises. Development They develop in ''telium, telia'' (sing. ''telium'' or ''telio ...

s that clustered at the top of a pedicel.Doungsa-ard, C., McTaggart, A.R., Geering, A.D.W., Dalisay, T.U., Ray, J. Shivas, R.G. 2015. ''Uromycladium falcatarium'' sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on ''Paraserianthes falcataria'' in south-east Asia. Australasian Plant Pathol. 44: 25–30. DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z The genus contains at least 11 species. Some of these species infect plants in the family Mimosoideae including ''

'', '' Paraserianthes'' and '' Falcataria''. Most species are considered to be specific to only one host species of plant, such as ''

Uromycladium simplex ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust (fungus), rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann My ...

'' on '' Acacia pycnantha''McAlpine, Daniel (1906). The rusts of Australia their structure, nature and classification. Department of Agriculture (Victoria). pp. 110–12. and '' Uromycladium falcatarium'' on '' Falcataria moluccana''. '' Uromycladium tepperianum'', on the other hand, has almost 100 known hosts including plants from several

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

of Mimosoideae. However, research suggests that this species may comprise several unrecognized taxa with narrower host ranges.

Species

Species include: *'' Uromycladium acaciae'' (Cooke) P.Syd. & Syd., 1914. *'' Uromycladium alpinum'' McAlpine, 1906. *''

Uromycladium bisporum ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establi ...

'' McAlpine, 1906. *'' Uromycladium cubense'' Arthur & J.R.Johnst., 1918. *'' Uromycladium falcatarium'' Doungsa-ard, et al., 2015. Present in

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

, and

Timor Leste Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and ...

*'' Uromycladium fusisporum'' (Cooke & Massee) Savile, 1971. Present in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

*'' Uromycladium maritimum'' McAlpine, 1905. *'' Uromycladium morrisii'' Doungsa-ard, McTaggart, Geering & RG Shivas, 2018. Native to

, introduced to

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

as a

biological control Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or o ...

agent *'' Uromycladium naracoortensis'' *'' Uromycladium notabile'' (F.Ludw.) McAlpine, 1906. Present in

*'' Uromycladium robinsonii'' McAlpine, 1906. Present in Australia *''

'' McAlpine, 1905. Present in Australia *'' Uromycladium tepperianum'' (Sacc.) McAlpine, 1905. Present in

. Introduced to

Ecology

The rust fungi in the genus ''Uromycladium'' typically form enlarged

gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or war ...

s at the end of actively growing plant tissues. These galls can be a significant disease limiting the growth and survival of trees planted for commercial tree plantations and agroforestry. The acacia gall rust fungus species '' Uromycladium tepperianum'' has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control on the invasive Australian shrub ''

Acacia saligna ''Acacia saligna'', commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, willow wattle, orange wattle, blue-leafed wattle, Western Australian golden wattle, and, in Africa, Port Jackson willow, is a small tree in the family ...

''. The galls of '' Uromycladium tepperianum'' have been reported to be used by moths in the families Gracillariidae,

Tortricidae The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genu ...

, Tineidae,

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyr ...

, and Stathmopodidae as food sources and

domatium A domatium (plural: domatia, from the Latin "domus", meaning home) is a tiny chamber that houses arthropods, produced by a plant. Ideally domatia differ from galls in that they are produced by the plant rather than being induced by their inhabi ...

for their larvae in Australia.New, T. R. 1982. Lepidoptera from ''Uromycladium'' galls on ''Acacia''. Australian Journal of Zoology 30(2): 357–364. Specifically in the family Gracillariidae the species '' Polysoma eumetalla'' and '' Conopomorpha heliopla'' are found feeding on the surface of various species of acacia rust galls. '' Erechthias mystacinella'' and '' Opogona comptella'' moth larvae from the family Tineidae have been reported to live and feed on the inside of '' Uromycladium tepperianum'' galls.

References

External links

''Uromycladium'' on Encyclopedia of Life
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10711033 Basidiomycota genera Pucciniales Taxa named by Daniel McAlpine Taxa described in 1905