Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian-American archaeologist

Marija Gimbutas Marija Gimbutas (, ; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian archaeology, archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old European Culture, Old Europe" and for her Kurgan ...

to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

and

Copper Age The Chalcolithic ( ) (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper. It followed the Neolithic and preceded the Bronze Age. It occurred at different periods in dif ...

culture or civilisation in

Southeast Europe Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and Archipelago, archipelagos. There are overlapping and conflicting definitions of t ...

, centred in the Lower

Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...

Valley. Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube civilisation. The term

Danubian culture The term Danubian culture was coined by the Australian archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe to describe the first agrarian society in Central Europe and Eastern Europe. It covers the Linear Pottery culture (Linearbandkeramik, LBK), stroked pottery ...

was earlier coined by the archaeologist

Vere Gordon Childe Vere Gordon Childe (14 April 189219 October 1957) was an Australian archaeologist who specialised in the study of Prehistoric Europe, European prehistory. He spent most of his life in the United Kingdom, working as an academic for the Universi ...

to describe early farming cultures (e.g. the

Linear Pottery culture The Linear Pottery culture (LBK) is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic period, flourishing . Derived from the German ''Linearbandkeramik'', it is also known as the Linear Band Ware, Linear Ware, Linear Ceramics or Incis ...

) which spread westwards and northwards from the Danube Valley into Central and

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...

Old Europe

Neolithic Europe The European Neolithic is the period from the arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) technology and the associated population of Early European Farmers in Europe, (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) until –1700 BC (t ...

refers to the time between the

Mesolithic The Mesolithic (Ancient Greek language, Greek: μέσος, ''mesos'' 'middle' + λίθος, ''lithos'' 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The term Epipaleolithic i ...

and

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

periods in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

, roughly from 7000 BC (the approximate time of the first metal processing societies in

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...

and

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

, and first farming societies in

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

), to c. 2000 BC (the beginning of the Bronze Age in Scandinavia). Its peak period is estimated as 5000–3500 BC, during which its population centers exceeded the first Mesopotamian cities. A high level of craft skill and trade is evident from tons of recovered copper artifacts and a small amount of gold, as well as pottery and carved items. These include the period's signature female figurines which have raised interest in the role of the society's women, as well as suspected

proto-writing Proto-writing consists of visible marks communication, communicating limited information. Such systems emerged from earlier traditions of symbol systems in the early Neolithic, as early as the 7th millennium BC in History of China, China a ...

Durankulak-Golemija ostrov-Hamangia IV vessels

Regardless of specific chronology, many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living in small-scale communities, being more egalitarian than the

city-states A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world throughout history, including cities such as Rome, ...

and

chiefdoms A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless, state analogue or early state system or institution. Usually a chief's position i ...

of the

, subsisting on

domestic Domestic may refer to: In the home * Anything relating to the human home or family ** A domestic animal, one that has undergone domestication ** A domestic appliance, or home appliance ** A domestic partnership ** Domestic science, sometimes cal ...

plants and animals supplemented with the collection of wild plant foods and hunting, and producing hand-made pottery, without the aid of the

potter's wheel In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of clay into round ceramic ware. The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming excess clay from leather-hard dried ware that is stiff but malleable, ...

. There are also many differences, with some Neolithic communities in southeastern Europe living in heavily fortified settlements of 3,000–4,000 people (e.g.,

Sesklo Sesklo (; ) is a village in Greece that is located near Volos, a city located within the municipality of Aisonia. The municipality is located within the regional unit of Magnesia that is located within the administrative region of Thessaly. ...

in Greece) whereas Neolithic groups in

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

were usually small (possibly 50–100 people).Reissued as Goddess figurine with Tattoos

studied the Neolithic period in order to understand cultural developments in settled village culture in the southern Balkans, which she characterized as peaceful,

matristic Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of power and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, d ...

, and possessing a goddess-centered religion. In contrast, she characterizes the later Indo-European influences as warlike, nomadic, and

patrilineal Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritanc ...

. Using evidence from pottery and sculpture, and combining the tools of

archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

, comparative

mythology Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is very different from the vernacular usage of the term "myth" that refers to a belief that is not true. Instead, the ...

linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...

, and, most controversially,

folkloristics Folklore studies (also known as folkloristics, tradition studies or folk life studies in the UK) is the academic discipline devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the ac ...

, Gimbutas invented a new interdisciplinary field, archaeomythology. Grave offerings

In historical times, some

ethnonym An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used ...

s are believed to correspond to Pre-Indo-European peoples, assumed to be the descendants of the earlier Old European cultures: the

Pelasgian The name Pelasgians (, ) was used by Classical Greece, Classical Greek writers to refer either to the predecessors of the Greeks, or to all the inhabitants of Greece before the Greeks#Origins, emergence of the Greeks. In general, "Pelasgian" h ...

s, Minoans,

Leleges The Leleges (; ) were an aboriginal people of the Aegean Sea, Aegean region, before the Greek people, Greeks arrived. They were distinct from another pre-Hellenic people of the region, the Pelasgians. The exact areas to which they were native are u ...

Iberians The Iberians (, from , ''Iberes'') were an ancient people settled in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, at least from the 6th century BC. They are described in Greek and Roman sources (among others, by Hecataeus of Mil ...

, Nuragic people,

Etruscans The Etruscan civilization ( ) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in List of ancient peoples of Italy, ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation of city-states. Af ...

Rhaetians The Raeti ( ; spelling variants: ''Rhaeti'', ''Rheti'' or ''Rhaetii'') were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture were related to those of the Etruscans. Before the Roman conquest, they inhabited present-day Tyrol in Austr ...

Camunni The Camuni or Camunni were an ancient population located in Val Camonica during the Iron Age (1st millennium BC); the Latin name ''Camunni'' was attributed to them by the authors of the 1st century. They are also called ancient Camuni, to disting ...

and

Basques The Basques ( or ; ; ; ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a Basque culture, common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Basques are indigenous peoples, ...

. Two of the three pre-Greek peoples of Sicily, the

Sicans The Sicani or Sicanians were one of three ancient peoples of Sicily present at the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization. The Sicani dwelt east of the Elymians and west of the Sicels, having, according to Diodorus Siculus, the boundary with ...

and the

Elymians The Elymians () were an ancient tribe, tribal people who inhabited the western part of Sicily during the Bronze Age and Classical antiquity. Origins According to Thucydides, the Elymians were refugees coming from the destroyed Troy. Instead for ...

, may also have been pre-Indo-European. How many Pre-Indo-European languages existed is not known. Nor is it known whether the ancient names of peoples descended from the pre-ancient population actually referred to speakers of distinct languages. Gimbutas (1989), observing a unity of symbols marked especially on pots, but also on other objects, concluded that there may have been a single language spoken in Old Europe. She thought that decipherment would have to wait for the discovery of bilingual texts. 20140611 Varna 08

The idea of a Pre-Indo-European language in the region precedes Gimbutas. It went by other names, such as "

", "Mediterranean", or "Aegean". Apart from marks on artifacts, the main evidence concerning Pre-Indo-European language is in names:

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for ...

s, etc., and in roots in other languages believed to be derived from one or more prior languages, possibly unrelated. Reconstruction from the evidence is an accepted, though somewhat speculative, field of study. Suggestions of possible Old European languages include Urbian by

Sorin Paliga Sorin Paliga (born Viorel-Sorin Paliga on 21 June 1956 in Braniștea, Dâmbovița County, Romania) is a Romanian linguist and politician. He is a university professor at the University of Bucharest. As a politician, he was the former mayor of S ...

, and the

Vasconic substratum hypothesis The Vasconic substrate hypothesis is a proposal that several Western European languages contain remnants of an old language family of Vasconic languages, of which Basque language, Basque is the only surviving member. The proposal was made by the G ...

Theo Vennemann Theo Vennemann genannt Nierfeld (; born 27 May 1937) is a German historical linguist known for his controversial theories of a " Vasconic" and an " Atlantic" stratum in European languages, published since the 1990s. He was professor of Germa ...

(also see

Sigmund Feist Sigmund Feist (Mainz, 12 June 1865 ''–'' Copenhagen, 23 March 1943) was a German Jewish pedagogue and historical linguist. He was the author of the Germanic substrate hypothesis as well as a number of important works concerning Jewish ethnic and ...

Germanic substrate hypothesis The Germanic substrate hypothesis attempts to explain the purportedly distinctive nature of the Germanic languages within the context of the Indo-European languages. Based on the elements of Common Germanic vocabulary and syntax which do not seem ...

Indo-European origins

According to Gimbutas' version of the

Kurgan hypothesis The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory, Kurgan model, or steppe theory) is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and part ...

, Old Europe was invaded and destroyed by horse-riding

pastoral nomads Nomadic pastoralism, also known as nomadic herding, is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance, ...

from the

Pontic–Caspian steppe The Pontic–Caspian Steppe is a steppe extending across Eastern Europe to Central Asia, formed by the Caspian and Pontic steppes. It stretches from the northern shores of the Black Sea (the ''Pontus Euxinus'' of antiquity) to the northern a ...

(the "

Kurgan A kurgan is a type of tumulus (burial mound) constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons, and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into mu ...

culture") who brought with them violence,

patriarchy Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term ''patriarchy'' is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in fem ...

, and

Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

. More recent proponents of the Kurgan hypothesis agree that the cultures of Old Europe spoke

pre-Indo-European languages The pre-Indo-European languages are any of several ancient languages, not necessarily related to one another, that existed in Prehistoric Europe, Asia Minor, Ancient Iran and United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern_Asia, Southern Asia before ...

but include a less dramatic transition, with a prolonged migration of Proto-Indo-European speakers after Old Europe's collapse due to other factors.

Colin Renfrew Andrew Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, (25 July 1937 – 24 November 2024) was a British archaeologist, paleolinguist and Conservative peer noted for his work on radiocarbon dating, the prehistory of languages, archaeogenetics, ...

's competing

Anatolian hypothesis The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in 1987, proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. I ...

suggests that the Indo-European languages were spread across Europe by the first farmers from

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. In the hypothesis' original formulation, the languages of Old Europe belonged to the Indo-European family but played no special role in its transmission. According to Renfrew's most recent revision of the theory, however, Old Europe was a "secondary

urheimat In historical linguistics, the homeland or ( , from German 'original' and 'home') of a proto-language is the region in which it was spoken before splitting into different daughter languages. A proto-language is the reconstructed or historicall ...

" (linguistic homeland) where the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

, and

Balto-Slavic The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic languages, Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits ...

language families diverged around 5000 BC. Three genetic studies in 2015 gave partial support to the Steppe theory regarding the Indo-European Urheimat. According to those studies, haplogroups

R1b Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), previously known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring paternal lineage in Western Europe, as well as some parts of Russia (e.g. the Bashkirs) and across the Sahel in ...

and R1a, now the most common in Europe (R1a is also common in South Asia) would have expanded from the steppes north of the Pontic and Caspian seas, along with at least some of the Indo-European languages; they also detected an

autosomal An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology, unlike those in allosomal (sex chromosome) pairs, which may have different structures. The DNA in autosome ...

component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic Europeans, which would have been introduced with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, as well as Indo-European languages.

Gallery

Artifacts

File:Female figurine with child small painted terracott neolithic, NAMA 5937 080804.jpg,

Sesklo culture Sesklo (; ) is a village in Greece that is located near Volos, a city located within the municipality of Aisonia. The municipality is located within the regional unit of Magnesia that is located within the administrative region of Thessaly. ...

figurine File:Ancient Greece Neolithic Pottery - 28171056730.jpg, Sesklo and Dimini culture ceramics File:Clay vase with polychrome decoration, Dimini, Magnesia, Late or Final Neolithic (5300-3300 BC).jpg,

Dimini culture Dimini (; older form: ''Diminion'') is a village near the city of Volos, in Thessaly (central Greece), in Magnesia. It was the seat of the municipality of Aisonia. The name Aisonia dates back to ancient times. Currently, Dimini is the weste ...

ceramic vessel File:Serbia, Vinça culture, Neolithic Era - Vinca Idol - 2000.202 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif, alt=Vinca culture figurine,

Vinča culture The Vinča culture , also known as Turdaș culture, Turdaș–Vinča culture or Vinča-Turdaș culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe, dated to the period 5400–4500 BC. It is named for its type site, Vinča-Belo B ...

figurine File:Винча — Бело брдо 2.jpg, alt=Vinca culture ceramics, Vinča culture ceramics File:Tartaria2.jpg, alt=Vinca culture, Tartaria tablet, Vinča culture, Tartaria tablet File:Керамичен съд от с. Слатино, ранен халколит 009.jpg,

Karanovo culture The Karanovo culture () is a Neolithic culture (Karanovo I-III ca. 62nd to 55th centuries BC) named after the Bulgarian village of (Караново, Sliven Province ). The culture, which is part of the Danube civilization, is considered the ...

ceramic vessel File:NeolithicVessel B&W 1.jpg,

ceramic vessel File:Hotarani bowl 5500-5000 vadastra culture nrim.jpg, Vadastra culture ceramic bowl File:Tisza1.jpg,

Tisza culture The Tisza culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of the Alföld plain in modern-day Hungary, Western Romania, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian Zakarpattia Oblast in Central Europe. The culture is dated to between 5400 BCE and 4500/4400 B ...

ceramic altar File:Gumelnita1.jpg,

Gumelnița culture The Gumelniţa culture was a Neolithic Europe, Chalcolithic culture of the 5th millennium BC (c. 4700–4000 BC), named after the Gumelniţa site on the left (Romanian) bank of the Danube. Geography The Gumelniţa culture was part of the bro ...

ceramic vessel File:Gumelnita 31.jpg,

copper axe File:思想者塑像.JPG,

Hamangia culture The Hamangia culture is a Late Neolithic archaeological culture of Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria) between the Danube and the Black Sea and Muntenia in the south. It is named after the site of Baia-Hamangia, discovered in 1952 along Golovița La ...

figurine File:Human-sized clay head found at Varna necropolis.png,

ceramic sculpture File:Bodrogkeresztur gold.jpg,

Bodrogkeresztúr culture The Bodrogkeresztúr culture was a middle Chalcolithic Europe, Copper Age culture which flourished in the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, in the territory of present-day Hungary and Romania from 4000 to 3600 BC. The Bodrogkeresztúr culture ...

gold idol File:Boian culture 2011 12 (edited angle).jpg, alt=,

Boian culture The Boian culture (dated to 4300–3500 BC), also known as the Giulești–Marița culture or Marița culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe. It is primarily found along the lower course of the Danube in what is now R ...

ceramic File:Journal.pone.0278116.g008.png,

Tiszapolgár culture The Tiszapolgár culture (4500–4000 BC) was an Eneolithic archaeological culture in Central Europe in the Carpathian Basin, in the Great Hungarian Plain. It located in the territory of present-day Eastern Hungary, in Eastern Slovakia, in Transc ...

, copper ornaments File:Museum of History Kardzhali 2011 PD 015.JPG,

Jade Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or Ornament (art), ornaments. Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in t ...

pendant, Karanovo culture File:Butmir1.jpg,

Butmir culture The Butmir culture was a major Neolithic culture in central Bosnia, developed along the shores of the river Bosna, spanning from Sarajevo to Zavidovići. It was discovered in 1893, at the site located in Butmir, in the vicinity of Ilidža, w ...

ceramic vessel File:Zivotinjski riton.jpg,

Danilo culture Danilo culture () was a Neolithic culture of the Dalmatian coast of Croatia and parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, dating to 4700-3900 BC. The major archaeological site of the culture is at Danilo polje, near today's Danilo, Croatia. The f ...

ceramic vessel File:Bull pendants from Grave 36 (Varna Necropolis) (36756066545).jpg, alt=,

Varna culture The Varna culture was a Chalcolithic culture of northeastern Bulgaria, dated , contemporary and closely related with the Gumelnița culture. The oldest golden artifacts in the world (4600 BC - 4200 BC) were found in the Necropolis of Varna. Th ...

gold pendants File:Alba Iulia National Museum of the Union 2011 - Petresti Culture Pottery Belonging to a Ritual Complex from Ghirbom.JPG, Petresti culture pottery File:MuzeuldeistorienaturalavienaCucutenitripolieartefacts.JPG, alt=, Cucuteni-Trypillia ceramic and copper artefacts File:Neolithic Pottery (28650540752).jpg, Cucuteni-Trypillia ceramics

Settlements

File:Sesklo DSC 2020a.jpg, alt=,

, Sesklo culture File:Dimini 3.jpg,

Dimini Dimini (; older form: ''Diminion'') is a village near the city of Volos, in Thessaly (central Greece), in Magnesia. It was the seat of the municipality of Aisonia. The name Aisonia dates back to ancient times. Currently, Dimini is the weste ...

walled acropolis File:Okoliste. Neolithic settlement 5200 BC. Bosnia and Herzegovina (cropped).jpg, Okoliste, Butmir culture File:Durankulak-Tell Golemija ostrov.JPG, alt=,

Durankulak Durankulak ( ) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Shabla Municipality, Dobrich Province. Located in the historical region of Southern Dobruja, Durankulak is the north-easternmost inhabited place in Bulgaria and the northernmost villa ...

, Varna/ Hamangia culture File:Solnitsata 4700 - 4200 B.C..jpg,

Solnitsata Solnitsata (, "The Saltworks") was a prehistoric town located in present-day Bulgaria, near the modern city of Provadia. It is the oldest salt production center in continental Europe (5500‑4200 BC). It was the first prehistoric urban center in ...

, Varna culture File:Talianki 1c.jpg,

Talianki Talianky (, also spelled ''Tallianki'', ''Tal'anky'', ''Tal'ianky'' or ''Tal'ianki'') is a village in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, close to the city of Talne and about south of Kyiv. It is in Talne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. ...

, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture File:ScaleRepoductionOfaCucutenivillage.JPG, alt=, Village model,

Cucuteni culture Cucuteni () is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania, with a population of 1,446 as of 2002. The commune is composed of four villages: Băiceni, Bărbătești, Cucuteni, and Săcărești. It is located from the city of Iași and ...

File:Cucuteni houses 1.jpg, alt=, Houses, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture File:Maidanetske ground plan.jpg,

Maidanetske Maidanetske () is a village located within the Zvenyhorodka Raion (district) of the Cherkasy Oblast (province), about driving distance south of Kyiv. It belongs to Talne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is a small farming commu ...

ground plan, Ukraine File:Trypillia house.png, House with raised platform at Maidanetsk, c. 3700 BC File:Nebelivka megastructure, reconstruction.jpg, Nebelivka temple, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture. File:TellYunatsite.jpg,

Tell Yunatsite Tell Yunatsite (), also known as ''Ploskata mogila'' (, "The Flat Mound"), is situated in the Pazardzhik Province of southern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), some to the west of the district capital Pazardzhik. The tell stands above modern ground l ...

. File:Magura - Pietrele, Neolithic - Chalcolithic tell site, Romania.png, Magura tell site,

File:White Hill in Vinča, profile and approach.jpg,

Vinča-Belo Brdo Vinča-Belo Brdo () is an archaeological site in Vinča, a suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. The Tell (archaeology), tell of Belo Brdo ('White Hill') is almost entirely made up of the remains of human settlement, and was occupied several times from th ...

File:LBK house 1.jpg, Longhouse model,

File:Smac Neolithikum 122.jpg, Linear Pottery culture settlement File:Neolitic houses reconstruction 01.JPG, Neolithic house reconstructions,

References

External links

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

Institute for the Study of the Ancient World The Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW) is a center for advanced scholarly research and graduate education at New York University. ISAW's mission is to cultivate comparative, connective investigations of the ancient world from t ...

, exhibition video (2010)
The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC
Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens, exhibition video, 2010
Institute for the Study of the Ancient World : Neolithic and Copper Age
further links {{Neolithic Europe Pre-Indo-Europeans Archaeological theory Neolithic Europe Prehistory of Southeastern Europe