USS Zeilin (APA-3)

USS ''Zeilin'' (APA-3) was an Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1029 ship launched for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) on 19 March 1921 by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Newport News, Virginia as ''Silver State''. After operation by commercial lines for the USSB, during which the ship was renamed ''President Jackson'', the ship was purchased and operated commercially until laid up in the late 1930s.

During World War II, the U.S. Navy acquired the ship in July 1940 and classified the ship as a transport, hull number AP-9. On 3 January 1942 the ship was commissioned USS ''Zeilin''. On 26 November 1942 ''Zeilin'' was reclassified to , hull number APA-3. ''Zeilin'' served throughout the war and was decommissioned on 19 April 1946 at Portsmouth, Virginia. The ship was delivered for scrapping on 4 May 1948.

Construction

The Silver State was constructed by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Newport News, Virginia for delivery to the United States Shipping Board as an Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1029 combination passenger and cargo ship. The design was a modification of a World War I troop transport design upon the end of the war. Commercially the ships were known as "535's" due to their length overall of .

The ship had accommodations for 280 first class passengers and 194 third class.

History

Commercial Service

Silver State operated between Seattle, Washington, and the Far East with the Admiral Orient Line a subsidiary of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. On 23 June 1922 the SS ''Silver State'' was renamed the SS ''President Jackson'' when the ship was purchased by the Dollar Line owned by Robert Dollar. In 1938 the SS ''President Jackson'' was transferred to the American President Lines.

Starting in 1937, the U.S. Navy studied converting the Dollar Line class ships to troop transports.

Commissioning

The SS ''President Jackson'' was acquired by the United States Navy in July 1940 and was renamed the ''Zeilin'' with the designation AP-9 after Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin (16 July 1806–18 November 1880) who was the first United States Marine Corps general.

The Todd Pacific Shipyards in Seattle, Washington, reconfigured the ''Zeilin'' as a troop transport. Commissioning occurred on 3 January 1942.

World War II

After a shakedown cruise and training along the west coast of the United States, the ''Zeilin'' left San Diego on 13 April 1942 transporting troops to Samoa for garrison duty and returning to San Diego on 17 June.

South Pacific Force and Guadalcanal

On 8 July 1942, ''Zeilin'' again departed San Diego and traveled via Pearl Harbor to Suva in Fiji. At Suva, ''Zeilin'' prepared for the invasion of the Solomon Islands. ''Zeilin'' was flagship of Transport Division TwoOther ships of the division were: , , , , and . with the Amphibious Force, South Pacific Force under Rear Admiral Kelly Turner designated Task Force 62, re-designated from Task Group 61.2 under Operation Order 1—42 of 28 July issued by Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher. ''Zeilin'', with part of Transport Division Two, was ordered to sail on or about 20 July 1942 for the South Pacific.

Early on the morning of 7 August 1942 ''Zeilin'' arrived off Guadalcanal with Task Force 62. On 8 August Marines from the 3rd Defense Battalion were landed by ''Zeilin'' on Tulagi, Gavutu, and Tanambogo. After completing disembarkation of the Marines, ''Zeilin'' traveled to Nouméa, New Caledonia.

For the next two months, ''Zeilin'' traveled a route between Nouméa; Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, and Wellington, New Zealand. On 9 October, ''Zeilin'' departed Nouméa to carry troops and supplies to the Solomon Islands.

Arriving off Guadalcanal on 11 October, ''Zeilin'' began unloading at Lunga Point. On 13 October, ''Zeilin'' was attacked by a Japanese shore battery; but the ship did not receive any damage. ''Zeilin'' returned to Nouméa on 17 October and then proceeded to Espiritu Santo before returning to Lunga Point on 11 November.

At 09:00, the task group received a report that nine carrier bombers and 12 fighters were approaching from the northwest and would reach their vicinity at about 09:30. At about 09:20, led the ''Zeilin'' and two other auxiliaries to the north, in column, with destroyers spaced in a circle around them. Fifteen minutes later, nine Japanese Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers from the emerged from the clouds over Henderson Field.

At 09:40 the ''Zeilin'' opened fire. The Japanese airplanes dove on the ''Zeilin'' and released bombs at . One aircraft was set on fire by ''Zeilin's'' guns There were three near misses registered on the ship; two on the port side - one about amidships, the other aft; and one on the starboard side at about frame 45 opposite No. 8 hatch, depth about 15–30 feet. The ship suffered severely from this bomb. The number 8 hold was flooded to the third deck; number 7 to the fourth deck. The starboard shaft was carried away. ''Zeilin'' took on approximately 2,000 tons of water. Examination by diver later disclosed cracked and ruptured hull plating as the cause of the flooding.

A second attack at 10:55 by 27 Mitsubishi G3M bombers was repulsed with anti-aircraft fire and fighter aircraft from Henderson Field.

Though damaged and listing, ''Zeilin'' carried casualties to Espiritu Santo and then sailed via Tutuila, Samoa to San Pedro, California. ''Zeilin'' arrived at the Terminal Island Naval Shipyard (later known as the Long Beach Naval Shipyard) on 22 December 1942 for repair. This repair work was completed in March 1943.

Aleutian Islands

On 17 April 1943, ''Zeilin'' left San Diego, California, for the Aleutian Islands. After a six-day stop in San Francisco, California, ''Zeilin'' continued on and arrived at Cold Bay, Alaska on 1 May. Cold Bay was the rendezvous point for the Attu Island invasion force. By 11 May the ''Zeilin'' was located off the south coast of Attu Island, at Massacre Bay. After the initial landings, ''Zeilin'' remained off Attu Island until 16 May. On 17 May, ''Zeilin'' stopped at Adak, Alaska, before leaving on 22 May and arriving at San Diego, California, on 31 May.

On 15 June 1943 ''Zeilin'' was designated as relief flagship, the battleship being the flagship, for Commander Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet. In June and July 1943, ''Zeilin'' operated along the west coast of the United States before returning to Adak on 5 August to participate in the invasion of Kiska, Alaska. ''Zeilin'' left Adak on 26 August, arriving at San Diego, California on 2 September.

Tarawa

The ''Zeilin'' traveled to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in mid-September 1943. After a five-day stay at Pearl Harbor ''Zeilin'' continued to Wellington, New Zealand, via Funafuti and Espiritu Santo arriving on 17 October. The ship remained at Wellington before departing on 1 November and proceeding to Efate in the Vanuatu where the attack force concentrated and practiced for the invasion of Tarawa.

On 13 November, ''Zeilin'' departed Efate and arrived off Betio on 19 November. Early the following morning, Marines from 2nd Battalion 2nd Marines were offloaded into landing craft from ''Zeilin'' for their assault. During the unloading operation ''Zeilin'' was under fire from Japanese shore guns. The ship did not sustain any damage from the attack. During this operation, Commander Thomas Benjamin Fitzpatrick was in command of the ship.

Kwajalein Atoll

''Zeilin'' returned to Pearl Harbor at the beginning of December 1943 to reload for the Marshall Islands operation leaving on 22 January 1944 with the Southern Attack Force. ''Zeilin'' arrived at Kwajalein Atoll on 31 January. Unloading elements of the Army's 7th Infantry Division, ''Zeilin'' departed on 2 February arriving at Funafuti, on 8 February.

Southwest Pacific and the Solomon Islands

For the next three months, ''Zeilin'' carried troops and supplies for units operating in the Solomon Islands and in New Guinea. During this time period ''Zeilin'' visited Guadalcanal and Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, Espiritu Santo, Milne Bay and Cape Sudest on New Guinea, and the newly conquered Admiralty Islands. On 10 May 1944, ''Zeilin'' returned to Guadalcanal to prepare for the invasion of the Mariana Islands.

Mariana Islands

Task Force 53, including ''Zeilin'', departed the Solomon Islands on 4 June carrying Marines of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade. ''Zeilin'' initially waited east of Guam during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Later the Marines on ''Zeilin'' functioned as a floating reserve. Leaving the Marianas Islands on 30 June, ''Zeilin'' arrived at the Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands on 3 July. After 15 days, ''Zeilin'' left Eniwetok and joined other transports carrying troops from Hawaii. ''Zeilin'' arrived off Guam on 22 July and unloaded the Marines over four days departing on 26 July.

''Zeilin'' stopped overnight at Eniwetok again on 29 July before arriving at Pearl Harbor on 7 August. Then after three days, ''Zeilin'' departed for the west coast of the United States arriving at San Francisco, California for a three-month overhaul.

Southwest Pacific

On 21 October 1944, ''Zeilin'' departed San Francisco arriving at Finschhafen on the west coast of New Guinea on 6 November. ''Zeilin'' visited Langemak Bay and Hollandia (now known as Jayapura) before arriving at Nouméa on 22 November.

Philippine Islands

''Zeilin'' loaded elements of the Army's 25th Infantry Division at Nouméa and departed for Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands in December 1944. At Guadalcanal, the task group including the ''Zeilin'' conducted training exercises. The task group left Guadalcanal on 25 December arriving at Manus in the Admiralty Islands on 29 December.

On 2 January 1945, ''Zeilin'' left Manus and arrived off San Fabian, Luzon, in the Philippine Islands on 11 January. After offloading ''Zeilin'' departed on 12 January in convoy. The next morning, a single Japanese kamikaze aircraft attacked the convoy missing the amphibious command ship and striking ''Zeilin''. The right wing of the Japanese aircraft struck cargo loading equipment next to the number 6 cargo hatch. The fuselage crashed into the starboard side of the housetop. Incendiary weapons carried by the aircraft exploded and started several fires on the ship. Topside damage to the ''Zeilin'' was extensive. The superstructure deck was destroyed, deck framing was damaged, and several staterooms were destroyed. The aircraft's engine pierced the deck, the outboard bulkhead and landed in a landing craft carried by the ''Zeilin''. Seven crew members were killed, three crew members were declared missing, and 30 crew members were injured. After the attack ''Zeilin'' continued with the convoy and arrived at Leyte island in the Philippines. After receiving temporary repairs at Leyte, ''Zeilin'' departed on 16 February arriving at Ulithi Atoll in the Caroline Islands on 18 February.

Iwo Jima

''Zeilin'' traveled to Iwo Jima Island arriving on 9 March with reinforcements. On 16 March ''Zeilin'' departed Iwo Jima arriving at Pearl Harbor on 12 April. ''Zeilin'' left Pearl on 17 April and arrived in San Francisco, California, on 23 April.

Ulithi

Following two months of repairs in San Francisco, ''Zeilin'' departed on 30 June 1945 arriving at San Diego, California on 1 July. On 8 July, ''Zeilin'' departed San Diego for Seattle, Washington. Departing from Seattle on 23 July, ''Zeilin'' arrived at Eniwetok Atoll on 4 August. ''Zeilin'' stayed until 7 August before moving on to Ulithi Atoll.

Post World War II Service

Philippine Islands and Korea

After hostilities ceased on 15 August 1945 ''Zeilin'' departed Ulithi Atoll on 17 August arriving at Okinawa Island on 21 August. ''Zeilin'' left Okinawa on 29 August bound for Leyte. During September, ''Zeilin'' transported cargo and passengers within the Philippine Islands. In October, ''Zeilin'' was tasked to carry the Army's 106th Regimental Combat Team to occupation duty at Jinsen, Korea.

West Coast

Departing from Jinsen, ''Zeilin'' made stops at Ulithi and Guam before arriving at San Francisco on 14 November. For the remainder of 1945 and through January 1946, ''Zeilin'' traveled between San Diego, San Francisco, San Pedro, Bremerton, Washington, and Seattle.

Decommissioning

On 4 February 1946, ''Zeilin'' departed San Pedro and transited the Panama Canal on 14 February before arriving on 21 February at Hampton Roads, Virginia. ''Zeilin'' was decommissioned at Portsmouth, Virginia, on 19 April 1946.

Disposal

''Zeilin'' was struck from the Navy List on 5 June 1946. ''Zeilin'' was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission on 3 July 1946 for disposal. On 4 May 1948 she was delivered to American Shipbreaker, Inc., for scrapping.

Awards

* ''Zeilin'' earned eight battle stars for her World War II service.

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

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External links

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Naval History and heritage Command - USS ''Zeilin'' (AP-9, later APA-3)









* Witter, Robert E. ''Attack Transport: The USS ''Zeilin'' in World War II - An Oral History'', Infinity Publishing.com: Pimlico, 2000.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeilin APA-3
Design 1029 ships
1921 ships
Harris-class attack transports
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign