USRC Kankakee
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USRC ''Kankakee'' was a
screw A screw is an externally helical threaded fastener capable of being tightened or released by a twisting force (torque) to the screw head, head. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and there are many forms for a variety ...
steam Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Saturated or superheated steam is inv ...
revenue cutter A cutter is any of various types of watercraft. The term can refer to the rig (sail plan) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition), to a governmental enforcement agency vessel (such as a coast guard or border force cut ...
built for the United States Revenue Marine during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. ''Kankakee'' spent most of her brief career with the Revenue Marine operating in and around
Charleston, South Carolina Charleston is the List of municipalities in South Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atla ...
;
Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Virginia, third-most populous city ...
; and
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. Apart from her normal revenue cutter duties, she was used as a transport for customs officials and later for testing safety apparatus. After less than three years as a revenue cutter, ''Kankakee'' was sold in 1867 due to dissatisfaction with her machinery. Later voyaging to
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, where she was renamed ''Kawachi'', she was broken up in or after 1869.


Construction and design

''Kankakee'' was one of six ''Pawtuxet''-class screw
schooner A schooner ( ) is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel defined by its Rig (sailing), rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more Mast (sailing), masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than t ...
s ordered by the Treasury Department in 1863 for the United States Revenue Marine. She was built in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
by J. A. Westervelt for the sum of $103,000 and launched on 15 September 1863."''Kankakee'', 1863"
U.S. Coast Guard website.
''Kankakee'' was long, with a
beam Beam may refer to: Streams of particles or energy *Light beam, or beam of light, a directional projection of light energy **Laser beam *Radio beam *Particle beam, a stream of charged or neutral particles **Charged particle beam, a spatially lo ...
of and hold depth of ."The New Revenue Cutters—The Launch of Two of Them"
''The New York Times'', 1863-07-10.

''The New York Times'', 1864-11-02.
Draft Draft, the draft, or draught may refer to: Watercraft dimensions * Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel * Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail * Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a v ...
is uncertain but was probably around .''"Woodbury"''
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships The ''Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships'' (''DANFS'') is the official reference work for the basic facts about ships used by the United States Navy. When the writing project was developed the parameters for this series were designed to ...
, Naval History & Heritage Command website.
Like the other ships of her class, her contract called for a
hull Hull may refer to: Structures * The hull of an armored fighting vehicle, housing the chassis * Fuselage, of an aircraft * Hull (botany), the outer covering of seeds * Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a sea-going craft * Submarine hull Ma ...
of
oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...
,
locust Locusts (derived from the Latin ''locusta'', locust or lobster) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstances they b ...
and
white oak ''Quercus'' subgenus ''Quercus'' is one of the two subgenera into which the genus ''Quercus'' was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus ''Cerris''). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be calle ...
, strengthened with diagonal iron bracing. ''Kankakee'' was powered by a two-
cylinder A cylinder () has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite ...
, geared screw,
oscillating Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum ...
engine with 36 inch bore, 30-inch
stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain ischemia, ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage, hemor ...
and 10-inch steam cut-off, built by J. & R. I. Gray at their New York facility, the Phoenix Iron Works. Steam, at a pressure of about 22
psi Psi, PSI or Ψ may refer to: Alphabetic letters * Psi (Greek) (Ψ or ψ), the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet * Psi (Cyrillic), letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek Arts and entertainment * "Psi" as an abbreviat ...
, was supplied by a single tubular
boiler A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, centra ...
. The engine drove a single 8-foot diameter, 12-foot pitch
screw propeller A propeller (often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working flu ...
geared upward at a ratio of 3:1, delivering a speed of about 12 knots. A fatal accident involving ''Kankakee'' occurred while her engines were being installed at the foot of Horatio Street, North River on June 1, 1864. While ''Kankakee''s
smokestack A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typically ...
was being hoisted in, the steamboat ''Mary Powell'' passed by, the wash from which caused the smokestack's supporting guys to slip and send it crashing to the deck of an adjacent schooner. Two men were killed by the falling smokestack, and several other persons injured. A
coroner A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within th ...
's inquest held a few days later concluded that no fault could be attributed, but recommended that in future installations of the type, six guys be used instead of the usual four."Two Men Instantly Killed on a Schooner"
''The New York Times'', 1864-06-06.
''Kankakee'' was either
brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the l ...
or
topsail schooner A schooner ( ) is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail s ...
-rigged for auxiliary sail power. Her armament consisted of a single 30-pounder Parrott rifle, and five 24-pounder
Dahlgren gun Dahlgren guns were muzzle-loading naval guns designed by a United States Navy Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren (November 13, 1809 – July 12, 1870), mostly used in the American Civil War. Dahlgren's design philosophy evolved from an accidental ...
s, including two
pivot gun A pivot gun was a type of cannon mounted on a fixed central emplacement which permitted it to be moved through a wide horizontal arc. They were a common weapon aboard ships and in land fortifications for several centuries but became obsolete aft ...
s. She had a crew complement of 41 officers and enlisted men.


Service history


Trial trip

''Kankakee'' conducted her trial trip on 1 November 1864, leaving port at 10 Am with a number of officials aboard, including the Superintendent of Repairs and Supplies, Thomas B. Stillman, and several officers of the Revenue Marine. During the trial, ''Kankakee'' attained a speed of 12 knots, with the engine operating at 36
rpm Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines. One revolution per minute is equivalent to hertz. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 def ...
and the propeller at 108, reportedly making her the fastest vessel of the ''Pawtuxet'' class. A
New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
correspondent despatched for the occasion observed that the ship "makes a very fine appearance on the water. She steers beautifully, turning around in a very short space". After returning to dock at 4 Pm, the vessel was met by Collector of Ports Simeon Draper, and a second trip made for his benefit. Draper declared himself "very much pleased" with ''Kankakee''s performance, while the other officials "pronounced unqualifiedly" in favor of the ship.


Revenue Marine service, 1864–67

Soon thereafter, ''Kankakee'' received her commission, but scarcely had she entered service than tragedy struck again. On December 26, 1864, ''Kankakee''s commander, Captain Richard A. Morsell of Washington D.C., fell overboard from the wharf at
Hoboken Hoboken ( ; ) is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's popula ...
, N.J., while attempting to signal another vessel. He clung to a "pile" wharf support until he was rescued twenty minutes later and taken to a hotel. All attempts to revive him failed. One of his officers was with him when he slipped into the water. A coroner's inquest was held in Hoboken on December 27, and rendered a verdict that he came to his death from "psychrophobia". Captain Morsell was one of the youngest naval captains."Fatal Occurrence"
''The New York Times'', 1864-12-27.
"Sad Accident",''New York Evening Express'', 1864-12-27. In 1865, ''Kankakee'', now under the command of a Captain Baker, voyaged to the Southern States with two agents of the Treasury Department tasked with setting up a system of customs for the ports of the recently vanquished
Confederacy A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...
. After calling at
Mobile, Alabama Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 187,041 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. After a successful vote to annex areas west of the city limits in July 2023, Mobil ...
and
Havana, Cuba Havana (; ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.Charleston, South Carolina Charleston is the List of municipalities in South Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atla ...
on 27 July for coaling before returning to New York. The Customs office at Charleston, meanwhile, was said to be "rapidly assuming a prosperous aspect"."From Charleston"
''The New York Times'', 1865-08-03.
By September, ''Kankakee'' was homeported in
Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Virginia, third-most populous city ...
."From Fortress Monroe"
''The New York Times'', 1865-09-16.
The following month, ''Kankakee'' arrived at
Fort Monroe Fort Monroe is a former military installation in Hampton, Virginia, at Old Point Comfort, the southern tip of the Virginia Peninsula, United States. It is currently managed by partnership between the Fort Monroe Authority for the Commonwealth o ...
with the schooner ''Hannah Matilda'' under tow, which had lost her sails."From Fortress Monroe"
''The New York Times'', 1865-10-10.
On February 9, 1866, ''Kankakee'' spoke the ship ''Grey Eagle'', laden with coffee from
Rio Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the sixth-most-populous city in the Americas. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was ...
, and supplied her with provisions."From Fortress Monroe"
''The New York Times'', 1866-02-13.
On the 24th, ''Kankakee'', now under the command of Captain George Slicer, was reportedly preparing to transfer to
Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...
, while the revenue cutter ''Mocassin'' was set to take over ''Kankakee''s duties in Virginia waters."United States Revenue Cutters"
''The New York Times'', 1866-02-27.
In February 1867, the crew of ''Kankakee'' suffered another misfortune when one of the ship's firemen was knocked down by a tender in Grand Street,
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, reportedly suffering serious injuries."Fire in Crosby-Street"
''The New York Times'', 1867-02-27.
In April, ''Kankakee'' was utilized by the Commission on Life-Saving Apparatus to test a number of different designs for detaching and lowering lifeboats. "The merits of a fog-horn" were also tested."Commission on Life-Saving Apparatus"
''The New York Times'', 1867-04-20.
Captain Slicer of ''Kankakee'' was later thanked for his assistance to the Commission."The Life-Saving Commission"
''The New York Times'', 1867-05-24.


Later service

By this time, the Revenue Marine had decided to rid itself of a number of the ''Pawtuxet''-class cutters on the basis that their engines were too complicated. ''Kankakee'' was consequently laid up, and sold on 28 May 1867. She later voyaged to
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, whereby February 1869 she had been renamed ''Kawachi''.* Silverstone, Paul H. (1989): ''Warships of the Civil War Navies'', p. 188, Naval Institute Press, Maryland, . ''Kawachi'' was eventually broken up.


Notes

See note ''a'' in the ''Pawtuxet''-class cutter article.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kankakee Usrc 1863 ships Pawtuxet-class cutters American Civil War ships of the United States Ships built in New York City