Typhoon In-fa (2021)
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Typhoon In-fa, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Fabian, was a very large and costly
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
that brought record amounts of rainfall to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
in late July 2021, becoming the second-wettest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the country behind Typhoon Nina of
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
. It was also the first storm to impact the city of
Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
since Typhoon Mitag of 2019. The ninth depression, sixth tropical storm and third typhoon of the
2021 Pacific typhoon season The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two tropical cyclone naming, named storms, and was the least active since 2011 Pacific typhoon season, 2011. Nine beca ...
, the system was first noted by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
as an area of low pressure, located east of the Philippines on July 14. Favorable conditions helped the storm to intensify, becoming a tropical depression, two days later and a tropical storm on July 17, being assigned the name ''In-fa'' by the
Japan Meteorological Agency The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
. Located in a weak steering environment, the system struggled to organize under dry air and moderate wind shear before organizing further. It continued to move mostly westward, strengthening into a typhoon and deepening quickly. The storm struggled to organize itself significantly due to continuous dry air intrusions and its frequent motion changes. On July 21, it reached its peak intensity according to the JTWC with winds of ; the JMA estimated a lower numbers of on the system. Nevertheless, the system reached its minimum barometric pressure of , three days later after passing through the Ryukyu's. As the system entered the
East China Sea The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. China names the body of water along its eastern coast as "East Sea" (, ) due to direction, the name of "East China Sea" is otherwise ...
, marginal conditions started to take toll on the system, with In-fa weakening steadily and slowly, until it made its consecutive landfalls over Putuo District of Zhoushan and
Pinghu Pinghu is a county-level city in the east of Jiaxing's administrative area, in the northeast of Zhejiang Province, bordering Shanghai to the northeast. It sits next to the East China Sea and the north shore of Hangzhou Bay. Prior to the Ming ...
on July 25 and 26, respectively, as a tropical storm. For the next couple of days, the storm slowly moved inland while gradually weakening, before turning northward on July 29. Later that day, In-fa weakened into a remnant low over northern China. The remnants continued their northward trek for another couple of days, before dissipating near
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...
on July 31. In-fa caused rough waves along the
Japanese islands The is an archipelago of 14,125 islands that form the country of Japan. It extends over from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to the East China and Philippine seas in the southwest along the Pacific coast of the Eurasian continent, and cons ...
, along with torrential rainfall and high winds, highly damaging and downing many structures, killing one person. The Philippines experienced flooding due to heavy rainfall, and some winds, resulting in the death of five people. China experienced widespread impacts in agriculture, infrastructure, transportation, and other areas. The typhoon brought flooding rainfall and storm surge to a large area, with some regions experiencing nearly a month's worth of rainfall in just one to two days. Rivers overflowed and some floodwaters were up to the roofs of cars. The storm exacerbated and played a part in starting the 2021 Henan floods, killing at least 302 people and at least 50 were missing. The typhoon itself has caused US$2.04 billion in damages and 6 deaths.


Meteorological history


Origins

At 06:00 UTC of July 14, the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) started to monitor a persistent area of convection, roughly associated with a low-level circulation center, located west-northwest of
Guam Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
. The disturbance was located in an environment conducive for
tropical cyclogenesis Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropics, tropical cyclogenesis occur are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occu ...
, with warm
sea surface temperatures Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
and good equatorial
outflow Outflow may refer to: *Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy *Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star * Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system *Outflow ...
due to a favorable configuration of an upper low over the western part of the mainland
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
and a
tropical upper tropospheric trough A tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT), also known as the mid-oceanic trough, is a trough situated in the upper-level (at about 200 hPa) tropics. Its formation is usually caused by the intrusion of energy and wind from the mid-latitudes into ...
(TUTT) to the northwest. Later, it moved through an area of moderate wind shear which made the system's LLC broad while moving west-northwestward: the wind gradient slowly became conducive for the disturbance to slowly intensify. At 20:30 UTC of the next day, the agency upgraded the system's potential trend of intensification to "high" and issued the disturbance's
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
(TCFA). At 00:00 UTC, the
Japan Meteorological Agency The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) upgraded the disturbance to a depression, followed by the
PAGASA The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
's designation of the system as ''Tropical Depression Fabian'' as it was now inside of the
Philippine Area of Responsibility The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
, being the sixth
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
in the region in the season, three hours later and the JTWC at 09:00 UTC. Located in a complex steering environment, the storm resembled a monsoon depression at that time while moving slowly northwestward before turning northward, both steered by the western periphery of a deep-layered
subtropical ridge The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges or highs. It is a high-pressur ...
to the east. Later, a pocket of dry air from the western semicircle and upper-level westerlies disrupted the system, with the LLC becoming broad and exposed while slowly and steadily intensifying, with the evidence of cooling cloud tops. In addition, the depression was being moved northwestward by a compound monsoon gyre pattern and at the same time, a near-equatorial ridge before being guided by another subtropical ridge to the east of
Honshu , historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the list of islands by area, seventh-largest island in the world, and the list of islands by ...
, still caught under a weak steering flow. Four hours later, the PAGASA further designated Fabian to a tropical storm and being followed by the JMA at 18:00 UTC that day, being assigned the name ''In-fa''. The JTWC did the same at 03:00 UTC on July 18, with the storm remaining slow in motion due to now-weakening westerlies. The PAGASA, meanwhile, reported that the system further intensified to a severe tropical storm at that time. Although the low-level circulation center remained exposed while moving to the north-northwest, animated multispectral imageries on that day revealed a well-defined LLC with a symmetric area of large convection on the western edge and further centered on the central core.


Intensification

The large size of In-fa, combined with the continuous dry air entrainment, together restrained the system's rapid development over the warm waters of the
Philippine Sea The Philippine Sea is a List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean east of the list of islands of the Philippines, Philippine Archipelago (hence the name) and the List of seas#Largest seas ...
; however, as the storm continued its trajectory towards the
Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, the curved banding of the system further consolidated on its and a microwave
eye An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system. In higher organisms, the ey ...
feature started to emerge. At the same time, the system began to take a northwest track before moving west-northwestward under a subtropical ridge over
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
by the early hours of July 19. At 00:00 UTC that day, the JMA further upgraded In-fa to a severe tropical storm. The system, decelerates again as it started to impact the Ryukyu's, with In-fa's convection or thunderstorms deepening and an eye further appearing. Six hours later, the PAGASA reported in their bulletins that In-fa further became a typhoon, while located approximately 895 kilometres to the east of extreme
Northern Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...
. The JTWC followed suit at 09:00 UTC that day and the JMA, three hours later. As it passed south of Daito Islands, a eye was further evident on
satellite imageries A satellite or an artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation (GPS), broadcasting, scientifi ...
, which later shrunk; however, In-fa remained a high-end Category 1 system as it started to move westward and later, a west-southwest track. As the eye started to enlarge again, with the Dvorak countings of T4.5-T5.0, the JTWC further upgraded In-fa to a mid-level Category 2 typhoon at 03:00 UTC on July 21 with winds of ; this made the system's peak intensity according to the JTWC's estimates. Radar imagery from
Okinawa Island , officially , is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region. It is the smallest and least populated of the five Japanese archipelago, main islands of Japan. The island is ...
showed a large and clear eye, though at the same time, another satellite imagery revealed an
eyewall The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
that was disrupted due to continuous dry air intrusions while moving westward. Later, as it shifted its motion west-southwestward, In-fa's eye became ragged due to another intrusion of dry air. Furthermore, dry northerlies suppressed the system as it dived southward. At 03:00 UTC of the next day, In-fa started an
eyewall replacement cycle In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds greater than , or hurricane-force, and particularly in major hurricanes of Saffir–Simps ...
while its northern quadrant started to weaken as it changed its motion yet again to the south-southwest. In addition, the system is being steered by the southern periphery of a high-amplitude ridge over the
Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...
. Six hours later, the typhoon started to weaken with its eye expanding and weakening banding on the system while tracking westward and further, northwestward at a slow motion rate. Its steering movements were caused by a subtropical ridge to the north and another one over the east coast of
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...
. As it continued to approach the Ryukyus while traveling from the northwest, In-fa further weakened to a high-level Category 1 system due to continuous upwelling, its suppressed outflow and slowly cooling sea surface temperatures. By 15:00 UTC of July 23, In-fa passed between the Tarama Island and Miyako-jima Island, with its remaining large eye passing over the latter as it slightly shifted its movement towards the north-northwest. The system further degraded to a tropical storm according to the estimates of JTWC, six hours later as it slowly moved away from the Ryukyu Islands and the convection on the eye was not continuous while subsequently entering the
East China Sea The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. China names the body of water along its eastern coast as "East Sea" (, ) due to direction, the name of "East China Sea" is otherwise ...
. By 03:00 UTC on the next day, In-fa reintensified to a low-end Category 1 system as it reformed its convective depths and continued to maintain a ragged eye while moving northward. Six hours later (23:00 PST of July 23), In-fa left the PAR, with the PAGASA issuing its last bulletin while located, 640 kilometres to the north-northeast of
Itbayat Itbayat, officially the Municipality of Itbayat, (; Ilocano: ''Ili ti Itbayat''; ), is a municipality in the province of Batanes, Philippines. In the 2020 census, it had a population of 3,128 people. Itbayat is the country's northernmost muni ...
,
Batanes Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes (; Ilocano: ''Probinsia ti Batanes''; , ), is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, an ...
. The JMA then analysed that In-fa further reached its peak with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum
barometric pressure Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1,013.2 ...
of , three hours later.


China landfalls and demise

In-fa started to move north-northwestward under the periphery of a mid-level ridge over the Sea of Japan as it started to remain at a low-end Category 1 intensity due to continuous marginal waters and upwelling. At 04:30 UTC on the next day, the system made its first landfall in the eastern Chinese
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
of
Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...
, over Putuo District, a major port area in the city of
Zhoushan Zhoushan is an urbanized archipelago with the administrative status of a prefecture-level city in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang. It consists of an archipelago of islands at the southern mouth of Hangzhou Bay off the mainland c ...
. Four and a half hours later, the JTWC quickly downgraded the system to a tropical storm as its eye became ill-defined and the
central dense overcast The central dense overcast, or CDO, of a tropical cyclone or strong subtropical cyclone is the large central area of thunderstorms surrounding its circulation center, caused by the formation of its eyewall. It can be round, angular, oval, or ir ...
further became evident on satellite imageries instead of the former. The JMA, in the other hand reported that the storm weakened to a severe tropical storm in their analysis, another four hours later. Although tracking inland south of
Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
, In-fa's overall structure remained compact and its gale-force winds further expanded, although as it reentered the East China Sea from Zhoushan, the core of the system slowly eroded. At 01:30 UTC of July 26, the large storm made its second coastal landfall over
Pinghu Pinghu is a county-level city in the east of Jiaxing's administrative area, in the northeast of Zhejiang Province, bordering Shanghai to the northeast. It sits next to the East China Sea and the north shore of Hangzhou Bay. Prior to the Ming ...
,
Jiaxing Jiaxing (), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the p ...
with maximum sustained winds of from the west-northwest. Shortly after the landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on In-fa as it had moved well inland, having no chances to redevelop. In their last warning on the system, the agency assessed the system as a weak tropical storm. Meanwhile, the JMA downgraded the system to a tropical storm by 12:00 UTC of that day due to further weakening of the storm by the means of land interaction. At 00:00 UTC of the next day, the JMA reported that In-fa further degraded to a tropical depression while moving west-northwest, with its center located at
Shou County Shou County or Shouxian () is a county in the north-central part of Anhui Province, China, and is located on the southern (right) bank of the Huai River. It is the southernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Huainan. It ...
,
Anhui Province Anhui is an inland province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiangxi to the south, Hub ...
. Over the next few days, it moved north and subsequently entered
Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ...
before turning north-northeast while subsequently slowing down. By 06:00 UTC of July 29, the system turned northward yet again before being further downgraded by JMA as a low-pressure area, twelve hours later as it shifted its movement northeastward. The remnants of In-fa entered the
Bohai Sea The Bohai Sea ( zh, c=渤海, p=Bó Hǎi, l=Bo Sea) is a gulf/inland sea approximately in area on the east coast of Mainland China. It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea, to which it connects via the Bohai Strait. It ...
later that night.


Preparations

The threat of storm surge and high waves caused concern for those out at sea.


Japan

In the
Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, the Okinawa Meteorological Observatory held a meeting on July 17 to discuss the storm, warning people to be cautious of the approaching system. Strong winds and heavy rains were also expected due to the storm. In addition, wave warnings were also issued by the JMA from different meteorological stations in the Japanese island group particularly in the islands of
Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...
,
Miyako Islands The (also Miyako Jima group) are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, belonging to the Ryukyu Islands. They are situated between Okinawa Island and the Yaeyama Islands. In the early 1870s, the population of the islands was estim ...
and
Amami Islands The The name ''Amami-guntō'' was standardized on February 15, 2010. Prior to that, another name, ''Amami shotō'' (奄美諸島), was also used. is a Japanese archipelago in the Satsunan Islands, which is part of the Ryukyu Islands, and is sout ...
, while lightning and wind warnings was placed on
Daitō Islands The are an archipelago consisting of three isolated coral islands, administered by Japan, in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. The islands have a total area of and a population of 2,107. Administratively, the whole gr ...
due to the approaching system. Later, sea warnings and alerts were imposed in these areas, including the
East China Sea The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. China names the body of water along its eastern coast as "East Sea" (, ) due to direction, the name of "East China Sea" is otherwise ...
and further on the coastal areas of
Kagoshima Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands. Kagoshima Prefecture has a population of 1,527,019 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 9,187 Square kilometre, km2 (3,547 Square m ...
and the island of
Shikoku is the smallest of the List of islands of Japan#Main islands, four main islands of Japan. It is long and between at its widest. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu ...
. Rainfall amounts up to were forecasted in the area, - in the main island of Okinawa and - in the Maejima Islands. The
Sakishima Islands The (or 先島群島, ''Sakishima-guntō'') (Okinawan language, Okinawan: ''Sachishima'', Miyakoan language, Miyako: ''Saksїzїma'', Yaeyama language, Yaeyama: ''Sakїzїma'', Yonaguni language, Yonaguni: ''Satichima'') are an archipelago loca ...
were forecast to get up to of rain. A school in
Kitadaitō, Okinawa is a List of villages in Japan, village consisting of the islands of Kitadaitōjima and Okidaitōjima of Shimajiri District, Okinawa, Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As of October 2016, the village has an estimated population of 61 ...
was temporarily closed due to the storm while roadways on the village were shut down, starting on July 19. Marine activities in the area were also affected, with fishermen forced to tie their boats as they cannot fish due to In-fa. Sugarcane industries also feared that they will run out of food supply in their area due to the ongoing cancellation of vessels.
Japan Airlines Japan Airlines (JAL) is the flag carrier airline of Japan. JAL is headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport, Narita and Haneda Airport, Haneda airports, as well as secondary hubs in Osaka's Kansai ...
,
Ryukyu Air Commuter Ryukyu Air Commuter (RAC) is a Japanese regional airline headquartered in Naha, Okinawa, Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic passenger services from the island of Okinawa Island, Okinawa to other islands of Okinawa Prefecture an ...
,
Japan Transocean Air Japan Transocean Air (JTA) is an airline based in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic services on behalf of Japan Airlines. Its main base is Naha Airport. From 1967 until 1993, the airline was known as ''Southwest Air Lines''. ...
,
All Nippon Airways (ANA) is a Japanese airline headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. ANA operates services to both domestic and international destinations and is Japan's largest airline, ahead of its main rival flag carrier Japan Airlines. the airline has approximate ...
,
Jetstar Japan Jetstar Japan is a Japanese low-cost airline headquartered in Narita, Chiba, Narita, Chiba Prefecture. The airline serves destinations across the Asia-Pacific region, using a fleet of Airbus A320 family aircraft. It is a joint venture between Qa ...
canceled their flights in different airports across the Ryukyus and mainland Japan which were expected to affect over 16,600 people. In addition, the Okinawa Passenger Ship Association reported that 50 ships were also halted to bound across the mainland due to the storm. The city of
Nanjō is a city located in the southern part of Okinawa Island in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Translated literally, the name Nanjō means "southern castle". Many castle ruins, called gusuku in the Okinawan language, can be found throughout the city. ...
also postponed their vaccination activities from July 21–23 as the storm neared.


Philippines

Despite the depression being far away from any landmasses in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
, the storm (locally known as ''Fabian'' in the country) was forecasted to enhance the prevailing
southwest monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
, causing rains over
Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...
and the
Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, a ...
. Brought by the enhanced southwest monsoon from the system and Cempaka, heavy rainfall warnings were put in effect by
PAGASA The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
for Metro Manila and several other provinces nearby. As the typhoon moved southwest towards the
Philippine Sea The Philippine Sea is a List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean east of the list of islands of the Philippines, Philippine Archipelago (hence the name) and the List of seas#Largest seas ...
, PAGASA raised Signal No. 1 warning for islands of
Batanes Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes (; Ilocano: ''Probinsia ti Batanes''; , ), is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, an ...
and
Babuyan The Babuyan Islands ( ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands, is an archipelago in the Philippines, located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan. The archipelago consists of five major islands and thei ...
for preparation of strong winds and heavy rainfall.


Taiwan

The
Central Weather Bureau The Central Weather Administration (CWA; ) is the government meteorological research and forecasting institution of Taiwan (the Republic of China). In addition to meteorology, the Central Weather Administration also makes astronomical observation ...
issued a heavy rainfall warning for
Kaohsiung Kaohsiung, officially Kaohsiung City, is a special municipality located in southern Taiwan. It ranges from the coastal urban center to the rural Yushan Range with an area of . Kaohsiung City has a population of approximately 2.73 million p ...
,
Pingtung County Pingtung () is a County (Taiwan), county located in southern Taiwan. It has a warm tropical monsoon climate and is known for its agriculture and tourism. Kenting National Park, Taiwan's oldest national park, is located in the county. The county ...
and the
Hengchun Peninsula Hengchun Peninsula () is a peninsula located in Pingtung County, Taiwan, and is named after Hengchun Township. It is the southernmost part of Taiwan. The Hengchun Peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides: the Taiwan Strait to the west, th ...
, and a sea warning for the northern and eastern coasts of the country as In-fa's periphery neared; the former was canceled at 02:05 UTC (10:05 TST). The mountainous terrain of Taiwan was warned to lead to catastrophic flooding and landslides due to the rainfall that In-Fa may bring. Up to 12 to 20 inches of rainfall was forecasted. By the evening of July 21, the CWB issued a sea warning for the country. On the next day, a heavy rain advisory was issued by the CWB for the northern portion of the country (except Yilan County) and later, the area was further included. COVID-19 vaccination appointments were also canceled on July 23 due to the storm. Different offices and schools in the northwest portion of the country were forced to close temporarily due to the threats of landslides and heavy rains. The sea warning was lifted on July 24 as In-fa veered away from the country.


China

The
China Meteorological Administration The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is the national weather service of the People's Republic of China. The institution is located in Beijing. History The agency was originally established in December 1949 as the Central Military Comm ...
(CMA) issued a blue typhoon warning for the eastern part of the country on July 22 as In-fa approached, which were later upgraded to an orange warning on the next day. The need for food and water was in high demand. Maximum rainfall totals of were forecasted, along with wind gusts. An isolated area of was forecasted for areas in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. Widespread damage mostly due to flooding was of particular concern, and many power outages were expected. Low-lying beaches were also a source of worry, due to high
storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the ...
possibly eroding and severely damaging them. Possible impacts were said to be "catastrophic". Port operations in Shanghai and Ningbo were also forecasted to possibly be temporarily stopped. Several dams and reservoirs had been drained in preparation in
Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...
, and the province upgraded its emergency response for In-fa to level 3. Up to of rain was expected for many areas of China. Over 100 trains were cancelled, and other ports and railways were shut down temporarily. Officials in Shanghai warned residents to stay inside, closing down various parks and museums. They advised against large-scale gatherings. All container ship docks were shut down in Yangshan port south of Shanghai, with 150 vessels being evacuated from the area.
Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
also canceled international flights due to In-fa. At least 815,000 people have been evacuated by the 2021 Henan floods, which partly related to Typhoon In-fa. It was estimated that over 200 million people were at risk of Typhoon In-fa's impacts, including almost all to all of Shanghai's population. Officials feared that In-fa's impacts would hamper any ongoing recovery efforts from the flooding. Mudslides were also of concern. It was advised for coastal areas to "guard against the combined impact of 'wind, rain, and tides'".
Shanghai Disneyland Shanghai Disneyland (; Pinyin: ''Shànghǎi díshìní lèyuán'', Shanghainese: ''Zaon-he Diq-zy-nyi Loq-yoe'') is a theme park located in Chuansha New Town, Pudong, Shanghai, China, that is part of the Shanghai Disney Resort. The park is oper ...
was closed from July 25 to the next day. About 330,000 residents of
Fengxian District Fengxian District, is a suburban district in the south of Shanghai with a land area of , a registered population (as of 2020) of 1,140,872, and 1.5 to 2 times more migrants. It is known for its relative rusticity, as well as its beaches and oc ...
were evacuated when wind speeds reached over on July 25. Hundreds of other flights at Shanghai Pudong and Hongqiao, with more expected to be canceled on the 26th. The riverfront Bund district, a major tourist area, was closed. All in all, over 1.5 million people were evacuated. Six large construction projects had their personnel evacuated.


Impact

Overall, In-fa caused widespread impacts across several countries due to its large size and area of effect. Flooding of some kind had affected a myriad of provinces, prefectures, and regions in countries, with thousands of buildings being damaged in some way over the course of the typhoon, along with severe impacts to agriculture. Winds exacerbated much of the destruction In-fa brought.


Japan

Rough waves started to impact the coastal areas of the
Daitō Islands The are an archipelago consisting of three isolated coral islands, administered by Japan, in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. The islands have a total area of and a population of 2,107. Administratively, the whole gr ...
, starting on July 18. Rains began to pound Minamidaitō and
Kitadaitōjima , also spelled as Kita Daitō, Kita-Daitō-shima, and Kitadaitō, is the northernmost island in the Daitō Islands group, located in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa, Japan. It is administered as part of the village of Kitadaitō, Shima ...
on July 19 while gusts of were also reported. On July 21, sustained winds of with gusts of were felt over
Kadena Air Base (International Air Transport Association airport code, IATA: DNA, International Civil Aviation Organization airport code, ICAO: RODN) is a United States Air Force base in the towns of Kadena, Okinawa, Kadena and Chatan, Okinawa, Chatan and the ...
. Three days later, gusts of were reported on Kumejima Airport.
Kumejima is a town located in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The town consists of the islands of Kume, Ōjima, Ōhajima, Torishima, and Iōtorishima. Among the islands, only Kumejima and Ōjima are populated. Kumejima is located appr ...
collected on that day and on Kumejima-cho. An office in
Nanjō is a city located in the southern part of Okinawa Island in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Translated literally, the name Nanjō means "southern castle". Many castle ruins, called gusuku in the Okinawan language, can be found throughout the city. ...
suffered power, internet signal and telecommunication loss due to In-fa, while a disaster headquarters at
Naha is the Cities of Japan, capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 people per km2 (20,562 persons per sq. mi.). ...
urged people to evacuate as the conditions started to become rough as the storm neared. Winds up to were recorded on Nanjō on the early hours of July 21, at
Uruma is a city located in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The modern city of Uruma was established on April 1, 2005, when the cities of Gushikawa and Ishikawa were merged with the towns of Katsuren and Yonashiro (both from Nakagami District). As of ...
and at Naha, enough to down power lines that affected 860 people in the main island of
Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...
and the villages of
Iheya is a village located in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It encompasses the island of Iheya. As of October 2016, the village has an estimated population of 1,214 and the density of 56 persons per km2. The total area is 21.72  ...
and Izena as of July 21 and many sugarcane crops. A vinyl house was reported to have collapsed in Yonagusuku,
Yaese is a town located in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Yaese was formed on January 1, 2006 by a merger between the town of Kochinda and the village of Gushikami. As of April 30, 2024, Yaese has a population of 32,976, with a pop ...
, while a telephone line in Nanjō City office were cut due to the storm. 4,720 households ran out of power on July 23, according to the Okinawa Electric Power. A stone pile, which were around for 10 years also collapsed and the 250-year old historic Nakadou no San-ban Akou tree's large branches in
Ishigaki Island , also known as ''Ishigakijima'', is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island. It is located approximately south-west of Okinawa Hontō. It is within t ...
were downed due to strong winds from In-fa. Walls of an empty building were also crumbled by heavy rains and further fell on the streets; no one was reported to be injured. According to authorities, a death from In-fa was reported on the next day when an individual discovered a male security guard bleeding; the person was rushed to the hospital but recorded "dead on the spot" according to authorities. Nine individuals were reported injured in the other hand, including an elderly woman on July 20 when she fell in the parking lot of a hotel in Minama, Chatan and two more in
Miyako-jima is the largest and the most populous island among the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Miyako Island is administered as part of the City of Miyako Island, which includes not only Miyako Island, but also five other islands. Geogr ...
. Damages in
Okinawa Island , officially , is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region. It is the smallest and least populated of the five Japanese archipelago, main islands of Japan. The island is ...
and
Daitō Islands The are an archipelago consisting of three isolated coral islands, administered by Japan, in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. The islands have a total area of and a population of 2,107. Administratively, the whole gr ...
totaled
JP¥ The is the official currency of Japan. It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar and the euro. It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro. T ...
46.5 million (
US$ The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...
421,000), with the majority are due to sugarcane losses. Total agricultural loss across
Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan. It consists of three main island groups—the Okinawa Islands, the Sakishima Islands, and the Daitō Islands—spread across a maritime zone approximately 1,000 kilometers east to west an ...
fell at JP¥430 million (US$3.89 million).


Philippines

Heavy rainfall was recorded by the PAGASA as In-fa together with Cempaka influenced the
southwest monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
in the country. From July 20 until the next day, Iba in Zambales recorded ,
Subic Bay Subic Bay is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines, about northwest of Manila Bay. An extension of the South China Sea, its shores were formerly the site of a major United States Navy facility, U.S. Naval Base Subi ...
- , Port Area in Manila - and
Sangley Point Naval Station Sangley Point was a communication and hospital facility of the United States Navy which occupied the northern portion of the Cavite City peninsula and is surrounded by Manila Bay, approximately eight miles southwest of Manila, th ...
in
Cavite City Cavite City, officially the City of Cavite ( and ) is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,674 people. The city was the capital of Cavite, ...
- . From July 19–23, Iba recorded of rainfall, Abucay in Bataan at , Subic Bay at and
Baguio Baguio ( , , ), officially the City of Baguio (; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", ...
at . Some roadways in Metro Manila were flooded in the early hours of July 21 due to the prolonged rains; however, the
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA; ) is a government agency of the Philippines responsible for constituting the regional government of Metro Manila, comprising the capital city of Manila, the cities of Quezon City, Caloocan, ...
(MMDA) reported that the existing floods were only gutter and knee-deep. Light vehicles were stranded as a result. In addition, the
Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court (; colloquially referred to as the ' (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission on June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished th ...
suspended its work on that day due to the floods. The Prinza Dam San Nicolas 1's waters in
Cavite Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite (; Chavacano: ''Provincia de Cavite''), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region. On the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, i ...
were confirmed to be overflowed, also in that day. Two fishermen in
Calatagan Calatagan, officially the Municipality of Calatagan (), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 58,719 people. Calatagan comprises the Calatagan Peninsula between the ...
,
Batangas Batangas, officially the Province of Batangas ( ), is a first class province of the Philippines located in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Calabarzon region. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,908,494 people, making ...
were rescued by authorities when their
motor banca A pump boat (usually variation as ''pambot'' in local languages) is an outrigger canoe (') native to Southeast Asia powered by a small gasoline or diesel engine. Smaller pump boats might be powered by the sort of small single-cylinder engine use ...
capsized in the rough waters. Continuous rainfall in
Zambales Zambales, officially the Province of Zambales (; ; ; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Regions of the Philippines, region. Its capital is Iba, Zambales, Iba, which is located in t ...
caused 11 families in
Castillejos Castillejos, officially the Municipality of Castillejos (; ), is a municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 67,889 people. History Castillejos was established in 1743 by Tagal ...
to evacuate while a landslide triggered another four to leave their shelters in
Olongapo Olongapo (), officially the City of Olongapo (; ; ; Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Olongapo''), is a highly urbanized city in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 260,317 peo ...
. Widespread flooding also forced the cancellations of work in
Freeport Area of Bataan The Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB), formerly known as Mariveles Free Trade Zone from June 21, 1969 to November 20, 1972, and primarily as Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) and Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) from November 20, 1972 to October 23, 200 ...
and other government-related services in the area. Different rivers in
Pampanga Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga (; ; ), is a province in Central Luzon in the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, ...
overflowed due to downpours, while 25 COVID-19 patients in
Batac Batac, officially the City of Batac (; ), is a component city in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 55,484 people. Etymology According to a legend set in pre-Hispanic Batac, a man ...
,
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
were relocated from a makeshift hospital to a different area due to the worsening rain conditions. On July 24, the
Marikina River The Marikina River () is a waterway in eastern Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the largest tributary of the Pasig River, with headwaters in the Sierra Madre Mountains in what was known as Montalban, presently the municipality of Rodriguez, R ...
overflowed its banks, reaching 16 meters high as the combined effects of In-fa and the southwest monsoon continued to pour rainfall over the region. 5 deaths were reported due to In-fa in the country, with two in
Aguilar, Pangasinan Aguilar, officially the Municipality of Aguilar (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 45,100 people. Etymology The municipality was named after Spanish govern ...
when they were caught up in a swelling river, two more in
Ilocos Region The Ilocos Region (; ; ), designated as Region I, is an Region of the Philippines, administrative region of the Philippines. Located in the northwestern section of Luzon, it is bordered by the Cordillera Administrative Region to the east, the Ca ...
due to lightning strikes and the other in a vehicular accident in
Kennon Road Kennon Road, also known as the Rosario–Baguio Road, is a two lane roadway in Benguet province in the Philippines connecting the mountain city of Baguio in Benguet to the lowland town of Rosario in La Union province. Originally called Benguet ...
. In the accident, two more were also injured. 202,213 individuals (50,676 families) and 480 barangays across Luzon and Visayas were reported by the NDRRMC to be affected by the southwest monsoon rains, while damages from agriculture sectors were estimated to be
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
100 million ( US$1.98 million). Infrastructure damages were ₱2.4 million (US$47,707). 572 houses were damaged, with 447 partially and 143 totally. 26 cities and municipalities experienced power interruption of some sort. Seven ports were rendered inoperational. 72,239 people were displaced. 38,472 people were placed in 365 evacuation centers.


Taiwan

The large circulation of In-fa caused heavy rains in Taiwan, causing numerous landslides and rockfalls. Trees were downed due to strong winds, damaging cars and disrupting traffics. Power outages were also reported in Shilin and
Beitou Beitou District is the northernmost of the twelve districts of Taipei City, Taiwan. The historical spelling of the district is Peitou. The name originates from the Ketagalan word ''Kipatauw'', meaning witch. Beitou is the most mountainous and ...
districts. Many boats and ships stranded in the seas off the country were escorted to ports to shelter from In-fa. From July 21–22,
Hsinchu County Hsinchu is a County (Taiwan), county in Regions of Taiwan, north-western Taiwan. The population of the county is mainly Hakka people, Hakka; with a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county. Zhubei is the county seat ...
recorded amount of rainfall,
Miaoli County Miaoli is a county (Taiwan), county in western Taiwan. Miaoli is bordered by Hsinchu County and Hsinchu City to the north, Taichung to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. Miaoli is Regions of Taiwan, classified as "central Taiwan" by t ...
at and Yilan County at . 5 meters of waves were seen on
Matsu Islands The Matsu Islands; Foochow Romanized: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤ ( or ), officially Lienchiang County; Foochow Romanized: Lièng-gŏng-gâing (), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China ...
, in the other hand. From July 21–24, Mt. Niaozui in
Hsinchu County Hsinchu is a County (Taiwan), county in Regions of Taiwan, north-western Taiwan. The population of the county is mainly Hakka people, Hakka; with a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county. Zhubei is the county seat ...
collected amount of rain and Yangmingshan,
Taipei City , nickname = The City of Azaleas , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Taiwan#Asia#Pacific Ocean#Earth , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Countr ...
reported at the same period.


China


Pre-landfall

The
airflow Airflow, or air flow, is the movement of air. Air behaves in a fluid manner, meaning particles naturally flow from areas of higher pressure to those where the pressure is lower. Atmospheric air pressure is directly related to altitude, temperat ...
and moisture from In-fa caused record-high rainfall and devastating floods in
Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...
, killing 302 people and 50 were missing, 14 of whom in a flooded metro line in
Zhengzhou Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan, China. Located in northern Henan, it is one of the nine National central city, national central cities in China, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. Th ...
. A subtropical high was combined with In-fa to create large quantities of atmospheric water in the province. The phenomenon was compounded by the topography in
Zhengzhou Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan, China. Located in northern Henan, it is one of the nine National central city, national central cities in China, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. Th ...
. A years worth of rain fell in the city in just over 3 days. At least 215,200 hectares have been damaged. Over 90 villages were flooded in the city of
Xinxiang Xinxiang ( zh, s= , t= , p=Xīnxiāng ; Postal romanization, postal: Sinsiang) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan provinces of China, province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to its southwest, Kaifeng to its sou ...
. A dam on the
Wei River The Wei River () is a major river in west-central China's Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. It is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and very important in the early development of Chinese civilization. In ancient times, such as in the Records ...
had reportedly burst on the morning of 23 July. The floods caused 29 of the 30 reservoirs in Zhengzhou to overflow. Many areas were clogged with mud-like material, and many more embankments had been breached. Some people were trapped without food or water for up to a couple of days. The floods have caused over 69 deaths and the estimated damage is upwards of 82 billion Yuan ($12.7 billion). At least 1.1 million were relocated, and over 9.3 million people had been affected. Its likely that up to tens of millions have been affected. The Jiangguang Road Tunnel flooded in just over five minutes during extreme rainfall, with hundreds of vehicles being trapped. A bridge in an area also collapsed.


Landfall

Coastal villages and towns experienced major flooding problems due the motion of In-fa. Subway networks had their above-ground operations and routes suspended, along with roads inundated in many areas. An overpass' roof outside of a subway station blew off, which landed on a train connection grid, causing traffic disruptions. Workers in many businesses and jobs had problems presented to them due to trouble getting to their offices from In-fa's winds and torrential rainfall. Much of Shanghai was shut down. The municipal Meteorological Bureau said the city received over of rainfall from July 25 to 26, nearly beating the total rainfall for the city (120 mm) in July in just one day. The municipal's anti-flood commanding office reported that among the 654 meteorological monitoring stations around the city, 30 recorded of rainfall in 12 hours. 311 more saw of rainfall in 12 hours. A meteorological station at Dalan,
Yuyao Yuyao () is a county-level city in the northeast of Zhejiang province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of the sub-provincial city of Ningbo. It is located west of central Ningbo, east of Hangzhou, bordering Hangzhou Bay in the north. Yuyao ...
reported a rain accumulation of over from July 22–26, an equivalent of 37
West Lake The West Lake (; ) is a freshwater lake in Hangzhou, China. Situated to the west of Hangzhou's former Hangzhou City Walls, walled city, the lake has a surface area of , stretching from north to south and from east to west. In the lake are four ...
s. More than 4,700 trees were uprooted. Pudong and Minhang districts experienced power outages and other issues. Warehouses in Zhengzhou were forced to stop container loading, as well as deliveries to terminals. A large amount of cargo stuck at Pudong, according to Metro Shipping, with weather conditions preventing carriers to recover the material. Traffic and road transport had been affected by flooding in the whole region, with at least 6 km of road inundated by storm surge. A rail freight train going from China to Europe was disrupted while cargo was being reconfigured to other substitute terminals, adding pressure to already heavy-hit shipping industry. Rail, air, and ocean freight was also disrupted. In Shanghai, 268 signs and billboards were felled by July 26. Many businesses were temporarily closed due to the storm while nearly 500,000 people were moved to shelters on the same day. 12,700 people were also still out of power, with upwards of 100,000 without power in total. Losses to agriculture were expected to be heavy. Several meter-high waves were reported on the Qiantang river in
Haining () is a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, China, and under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing. It is in the south side of Yangtze River Delta, and in the north of Zhejiang. It is to the southwest of central Shanghai, and east of Hangzhou, the p ...
. Heavy rain and gales also affected coastal areas in
Qidong, Jiangsu Qidong is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nantong in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the north side of the Yangtze River opposite Shanghai and forms a peninsula jutting out into ...
, damaging properties there. The six ultra-large offshore engineering platforms that were under construction were also affected by In-fa. Waterlogging was recorded in streets in Shanghai. Pictures showed floodwaters reaching the tops of cars. Up to of rainfall fell in Jiangsu province. An underground parking structure was flooded. The Chinese government estimated the total damage of In-fa to be 13.2 billion yuan (US$2.04 billion).


Aftermath


Philippines

$58,200 worth of Family Food Packs were distrusted to the affected population in
Calabarzon Calabarzon (officially stylized in all caps; ; ), sometimes referred to as Southern Tagalog () and designated as Region IVA, is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is situated southeast of Metro Manila and is bordered by Manila Bay ...
,
Central Luzon Central Luzon (; ; ; ; ), designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises seven provinces: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga (with its capital, San Fernando City serving as the re ...
,
Mimaropa Mimaropa (officially stylized in all caps), officially the Southwestern Tagalog Region (), is an administrative region in the Philippines. The name is an acronym combination of its constituent provinces: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindo ...
, and
Western Visayas Western Visayas (; ; ) is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, numerically designated as Region VI. The region comprises the islands of Panay and Guimaras Island, Guimaras. It consists of five Provinces of the ...
on July 26. $16.6 million worth of quick response funds were put in place, and $3.3 million was set aside for future packs. Local disaster management authorities closely worked with government units to help with recovery.


China

There were questions about China's preparedness for damaging meteorological events in the country due to
climate change Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in Global surface temperature, global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate variability and change, Climate change in ...
. As the floods began to slowly abate before the typhoon's landfall, authorities gradually came to help clean up the floods. Li Changxun, a Henan emergency response official, stated on July 24 that the province would need a large-scale cleaning and disinfecting to prevent epidemics after floods (the “epidemic” here refers to common outbreaks that always happen after floods, not related to COVID-19). Various pictures published by state media and government social media accounts on the same day showed workers shoveling mud and removing uprooted trees. At least 12,000 temporary shelters had opened across Zhejiang Province. Emergency anti-typhoon vessels were put in place to protect the six construction projects, including two high-
horsepower Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are t ...
tugboats. Strengthening to chains and cables was also done. As of July 25, a total of 97,915 people were evacuated to safe areas in Jiangsu when the typhoon hit. Photos that surfaced showed migrant workers in shelters during In-fa. Due to In-fa's impacts,
Salmon Salmon (; : salmon) are any of several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera ''Salmo'' and ''Oncorhynchus'' of the family (biology), family Salmonidae, native ...
's prices in Shanghai had jumped to 135 yuan ($20.75) per kilogram. Firefighters rescued those who had been trapped by flooding in Zheijang province. Footage showed firefighters saving 45 trapped locals. Another part of the video was released that showed crews saving a motorist trapped in an overturned vehicle. Various pumps were used to drain out rainwater from floods in Weihui city. Health authorities started a campaign on July 28 to help
Mosquito Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a Family (biology), family of small Diptera, flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word ''mosquito'' (formed by ''Musca (fly), mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish and Portuguese for ''little fly''. Mos ...
prevention. Due to In-fa's flooding bringing highly moist conditions, many areas became ripe breeding grounds for the insects. It was said to be going from July 29 to 31. Wet markets, old residential complexes, and construction sites were of particular concern. Coal mining in the country was prioritized after the typhoon made landfall, due to large-scale blackouts. State run miners had collectively sent increased supplies of thermal coal to 27 different power plants around Henan province. Over 340,000 tons of thermal coal reached the province during July 26, highly exceeding the daily amount needed. Coal operations were also quickened in other regions, such as the Yangtze River Delta Area. Footage released by Jiangsu Fire shows efforts by rescue crews to drain floodwater around the province. China's top economic planner collected 795 million yuan ($122.4 million) for reconstruction in regions of several provinces impacted by the typhoon and floods. Earlier, China allocated over 3 billion yuan to help support flood control and disaster recovery.


Notes


See also

*
Weather of 2021 The following is a list of weather events that occurred in 2021. The year began with La Niña conditions. There were several natural disasters around the world from various types of weather, including blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat wave ...
*
Tropical cyclones in 2021 During 2021, tropical cyclones formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be assigned names by various weather agencies if they attain maximum sustained winds of . During the year, 136 ...
* Other tropical cyclones named Fabian *
Typhoon Lekima Typhoon Lekima, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Hanna, was the fourth costliest typhoon in Chinese history. The ninth named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Lekima originated from a tropical depression that formed east of the Philipp ...
*
Typhoon Morakot Typhoon Morakot, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kiko, was the wettest and deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history. The eighth named storm and fourth typhoon of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season, Morakot wrought catastrophic d ...
*
Typhoon Rananim Typhoon Rananim, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Karen, was the strongest typhoon to make landfall on the Chinese province of Zhejiang since Typhoon Wanda in 1956. It formed on August 6, 2004, intensifying into a tropical storm on Augu ...


References


External links


JMA General Information
of Typhoon In-fa (2106) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track Data
of Typhoon In-fa (2106) (Date Released October 28)
JMA Best Track Data (Graphics)
of Typhoon In-fa (2106)
JTWC Best Track Data
of Typhoon 09W (In-fa)
09W.IN-FA
from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory {{DEFAULTSORT:In-fa (2021) 2021 meteorology 2021 disasters in the Philippines 2021 in Taiwan 2021 Pacific typhoon season July 2021 in Asia July 2021 in China July 2021 in Japan July 2021 in the Philippines Tropical cyclones in 2021 Typhoons in China Typhoons in Japan Typhoons in the Philippines