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This is a list of ancient
Indo-Aryan peoples Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia int ...
and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of
Indian religions Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent. These religions, which include Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism,Adams, C. J."Classification o ...
. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern part of the
Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...
–
Indus Valley The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans- Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in the Western Tibet region of China, flows northwest through the disp ...
(roughly today's Pakistani Punjab and
Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...
),
Western India Western India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of western states of India, Republic of India. The Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Ministry of Home Affairs in its Western Zonal Council Administrative divisions of India, Adminis ...
,
Northern India North India is a geographical region, loosely defined as a cultural region comprising the northern part of India (or historically, the Indian subcontinent) wherein Indo-Aryans (speaking Indo-Aryan languages) form the prominent majority populati ...
,
Central India Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Prades ...
,
Eastern India East India is a region consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhan ...
and also in areas of the southern part like
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
and the
Maldives The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in South Asia located in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives is southwest of Sri Lanka and India, abou ...
through and after a complex process of migration, assimilation of other peoples and language shift.


Ancestors

* Proto-Indo-Iranians (common ancestors of the
Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...
, Nuristani and Indo-Aryan peoples) (
Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Indo-Iranian, also called Proto-Indo-Iranic or Proto-Aryan, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the late 3rd ...
speakers) **
Proto-Indo-Aryans The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages. These are the predominant languages of today's Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, North India ...
(
Proto-Indo-Aryan Proto-Indo-Aryan (sometimes Proto-Indic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is intended to reconstruct the language of the Indo-Aryans, who had migrated into the Indian subcontinent. Being descended from Proto-I ...
speakers)


Vedic tribes

* Alina people (RV 7.18.7) * Anu (RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) * Āyu * Bhageratha * Bhalanas * Bharatas- The Bharatas are a major Aryan clan, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage
Vishvamitra Vishvamitra (, ) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. Vishvamitra is one of the seven Brahmarshi. According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gay ...
. The entire Bharata clan is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash ( Beas River) and Shutudri (
Satlej The Sutlej River or the Satluj River is a major river in Asia, flowing through China, India and Pakistan, and is the longest of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It is also known as ''Satadru''; and is the easternmost tributary of th ...
). The Bharatas are mentioned as the protagonists in the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings (, ) was first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV) and took place between a king of the Bharatas named King Sudas versus a confederation of tribes. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Bharatas ...
in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.), where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan clans so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (Epic) tradition. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the
Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by ...
(see also
Etymology of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by ...
). * Chedi *
Dasa DASA (officially Deutsche AeroSpace AG, later Daimler-Benz AeroSpace AG, then DaimlerChrysler AeroSpace AG) was a German aerospace manufacturer. It was created during 1989 as the aerospace subsidiary arm of Daimler-Benz, Daimler-Benz AG (later D ...
* Dasyu * Dṛbhīka * Druhyus (Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) *
Gandhara Gandhara () was an ancient Indo-Aryan people, Indo-Aryan civilization in present-day northwest Pakistan and northeast Afghanistan. The core of the region of Gandhara was the Peshawar valley, Peshawar (Pushkalawati) and Swat valleys extending ...
* Guṅgu *
Ikshvaku dynasty The Solar dynasty or (; ), also called the Ikshvaku dynasty, is a legendary Indian dynasty said to have been founded by Ikshvaku. In Hindu literature, it ruled the Kosala Kingdom, with its capital at Ayodhya, and later at Shravasti. They ...
* Krivi * Kīkaṭa * Kuru * Mahīna * Malankhara * Maujavant *
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
* Nahuṣa * Pakhta * Panis * Pārāvata * Parsu (Parśu) * Puru (Pūru) * Ruśama (RV Mandala 8) * Sārasvata * Srñjaya * Tritsu (RV 7.18, 7.33, 7.83) *
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the north ...
: Of Indo-Aryan origin,Yadu is one of the five early
Rigvedic tribes This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, Indo-Aryan migrations, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the p ...
('' panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
. The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together. The Yadus were a Aryan tribe. By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
, with the Yadus possibly residing along the
Yamuna River The Yamuna (; ) is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in List of major rivers of India, India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of B ...
.In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god
Indra Indra (; ) is the Hindu god of weather, considered the king of the Deva (Hinduism), Devas and Svarga in Hinduism. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes Indra is the m ...
is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by
Indra Indra (; ) is the Hindu god of weather, considered the king of the Deva (Hinduism), Devas and Svarga in Hinduism. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes Indra is the m ...
. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. In the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings (, ) was first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV) and took place between a king of the Bharatas named King Sudas versus a confederation of tribes. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Bharatas ...
, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain
Sudas ''For other uses, see Suda (disambiguation) and Souda (disambiguation) Sudās Paijavana was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battl ...
.


Pancha Jana (Five tribes)

(पञ्च जना – '' Páñca Jánāḥ'' / '' Pancha-janah'') The pancha Jana are five tribes inexplicitly listed together during the (
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
and closer regions) (see the map of Early
Vedic Period The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the e ...
) * Anu (in the southwest part of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Druhyu (in the north part of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Puru (ancestors of the Paurava) (in the centre and east parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sarasvati Saraswati (, ), also spelled as Sarasvati, is one of the principal Devi, goddesses in Hinduism, revered as the goddess of knowledge, education, learning, arts, speech, poetry, music, purification, language and culture. Together with the godde ...
river region) * Turvaśa (Turvasha) (in the centre and south parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
. The Turvashas had a tribal union with the
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the north ...
tribe, and were frequently described together. The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe. By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
. By the time of the
Shatapatha Brahmana The Shatapatha Brahmana (, , abbreviated to 'SB') is a commentary on the Yajurveda, Śukla Yajurveda. It is attributed to the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya. Described as the most complete, systematic, and important of the Brahmanas (commentaries on the ...
(7th-6th centuries BCE), the Turvashas are linked to the
Panchala Panchala () was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj. During Late Vedic times (c. 1100–500 BCE), it was one of the ...
s. Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel. In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god
Indra Indra (; ) is the Hindu god of weather, considered the king of the Deva (Hinduism), Devas and Svarga in Hinduism. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes Indra is the m ...
is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by
Indra Indra (; ) is the Hindu god of weather, considered the king of the Deva (Hinduism), Devas and Svarga in Hinduism. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes Indra is the m ...
. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. *
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the north ...
(in the southeast and south parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Indo-Aryan peoples Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia int ...
and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vedic Sanskrit Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is the most ancient known precursor to Sanskrit, a language in the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is atteste ...
term for one of the 5 major tribes in the
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5 (both times listed together with the Druhyu) and, much later also in the
Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...
. In the late Vedic period, one of the Anu kings, King Anga, is mentioned as a "
chakravartin A ''chakravarti'' (, ) is an ideal (or idealized) universal ruler, in the history, and religion of India. The concept is present in Indian subcontinent cultural traditions, narrative myths and lore. There are three types of chakravarti: ''c ...
" ( AB 8.22). ''Ānava'', the vrddhi derivation of ''Anu'', is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings (, ) was first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV) and took place between a king of the Bharatas named King Sudas versus a confederation of tribes. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Bharatas ...
(7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sudas ''For other uses, see Suda (disambiguation) and Souda (disambiguation) Sudās Paijavana was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battl ...
in the Dasarajna battle. Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in South Central and Western
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
, and that the
Bolan Pass Bolan Pass () is a valley and a natural gateway through the Toba Kakar range in Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is situated south of Pakistan's border with Afghanistan. The pass is an stretch of the Bolan River valley from Rindli in the ...
, around which live the Brahui people, are the Bhalana people and abode. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Bhrigus *Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), is partially derived from Proto-Indo-European ''vid'' "to see, to know' It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North. However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, , *
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, , *Pāñcala (
Panchala Panchala () was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj. During Late Vedic times (c. 1100–500 BCE), it was one of the ...
) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Prithu Prithu (Sanskrit: पृथु, ''Pṛthu'', lit. "large, great, important, abundant") is a sovereign ( chakravarti), featured in the Puranas. According to Hinduism, he is an avatar (incarnation) of the preserver god—Vishnu. He is also call ...
) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pūru (Puru) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Bharatas – The Bharatas are an Aryan tribe mentioned in the
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage
Vishvamitra Vishvamitra (, ) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. Vishvamitra is one of the seven Brahmarshi. According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gay ...
and in and Mandala 7. ''Bharatá'' is also used as a name of
Agni Agni ( ) is the Deva (Hinduism), Hindu god of fire. As the Guardians of the directions#Aṣṭa-Dikpāla ("Guardians of Eight Directions"), guardian deity of the southeast direction, he is typically found in southeast corners of Hindu temples. ...
(literally, "to be maintained", viz. the fire having to be kept alive by the care of men), and as a name of
Rudra Rudra (/ ɾud̪ɾə/; ) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms, Vayu, medicine, and the hunt. One translation of the name is 'the roarer'. In the ''Rigveda'', Rudra is praised as the "mightiest of the mighty". Rudra ...
in RV 2.36.8. In one of the " river hymns" RV 3.33, the entire Bharata tribe is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas) and Shutudri (Satlej). Hymns by Vasistha in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.) mention the Bharatas as the protagonists in the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings (, ) was first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV) and took place between a king of the Bharatas named King Sudas versus a confederation of tribes. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Bharatas ...
, where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (
Epic Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film defined by the spectacular presentation of human drama on a grandiose scale Epic(s) ...
) tradition, the
Mahābhārata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the '' Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kurukshetra War, a war of succe ...
, the eponymous ancestor becomes Emperor Bharata, conqueror of 'all of India', and his tribe and kingdom is called Bhārata. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the
Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by ...
(see also
Etymology of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by ...
). (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kuru – Ancestors of the
Kaurava ''Kaurava'' is a Sanskrit term which refers to descendants of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic ''Mahabharata''. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his ...
(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Uttara Kuru (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pandu Pandu () was the king of Kuru kingdom, with capital at Hastinapur in the epic '' Mahabharata''. He was the foster-father of the five Pandavas, who are the central characters of the epic. Pandu was born pale, to Vichitravirya's second wife ...
– Ancestors of the
Pandava The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, aɳɖɐʋᵊ IAST: Pāṇḍava) is a group name referring to the five legendary brothers, Yudhishtira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, who are central figures of the Hindu epic ''Mahabhara ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Puru who are distinct from the Bharatas mentioned in Mandala 7 of the
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
(in hymns 18, 33 and 83). Under king
Sudas ''For other uses, see Suda (disambiguation) and Souda (disambiguation) Sudās Paijavana was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battl ...
they defeated the confederation of ten kings led by the Bharatas at the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings (, ) was first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV) and took place between a king of the Bharatas named King Sudas versus a confederation of tribes. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Bharatas ...
. (Madhya-desha
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sārasvata – people that dwelt the banks of the
Sarasvati Saraswati (, ), also spelled as Sarasvati, is one of the principal Devi, goddesses in Hinduism, revered as the goddess of knowledge, education, learning, arts, speech, poetry, music, purification, language and culture. Together with the godde ...
river (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Śiva Shiva (; , ), also known as Mahadeva (; , , ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐh and Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism. Shiva is known as ''The Destroyer ...
or
Shiva Shiva (; , ), also known as Mahadeva (; , , Help:IPA/Sanskrit, ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐh and Hara, is one of the Hindu deities, principal deities of Hinduism. He is the God in Hinduism, Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions w ...
) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the west Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Forming the eastern part of the state, it comprises Amravati Division, Amrav ...
, Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Videha Videha ( Prākrit: ; Pāli: ; Sanskrit: ) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern Indian subcontinent whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Videha, the Vaidehas, were initially organised into a monarchy ...
(
Mithila Mithila may refer to: Places * Mithilā, a synonym for the ancient Videha state ** Mithilā (ancient city), the ancient capital city of Videha * Mithila (region), a cultural region (historical and contemporary), now divided between India and Nepa ...
, Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Indo-Aryan peoples Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia int ...
and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
(see the map 6). *Abhīṣaha (Abhishaha) / Apanga (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'') / Aupadha ('' Markandeya'') / Alasa (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya'') / Kuhuka (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya'') / Alibhadra (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Aṅga – (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') *Āntaranarmada / Uttaranarmada ('' Markandeya''), Sunarmada (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Annaja (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Aparīta (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'', '' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Audumbara / Audambara / Audumvara – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Bharukaccha / Bhanukaccha (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Bhīrukahcha ('' Markandeya''), Dārukachchha (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Sahakaccha ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Bhogavardhana / Bhokardan (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Samantara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Sakheṭaka (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Darada – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern ''
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'' and '' Markandeya'', Parvata-shrayin and Udichya Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kuśeruka ('' Markandeya'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Daśamānika (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Daṅśana (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Daśarṇa ( Dasharna) (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Druhyu / Hrada (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Bhadra ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Gāndhāra / Gandharians ('' Vaēkərəta'' in
Avestan Avestan ( ) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family and was First language, originally spoken during the Avestan period, Old ...
) – the people who lived in Gāndhāra and spoke Gandhari (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Gomanta ('' Markandeya''), Mananda (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''; Haṃsamārga (Northern and Himalayan) in ''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'' and '' Markandeya''; Karnamārga (Northern) and Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) in ''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''; Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) Haṃsabhaṅga (Northern) in '' Brahmanda'' – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Hārapūrika (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Sāmuṣaka (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Sahūdaka (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Sakṛtraka ('' Markandeya''), Śahuhūka (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Sahuhūka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Juhuḍa (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Jāguḍa ('' Markandeya'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''), Aṅgiyamarṣaka (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Gopapārthiva ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kachchhika / Kāchchhīka (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Kacchīya (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kāśmīra ('' Markandeya''), Kacchipa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kaliṅga (central) / Arkalinga ('' Markandeya'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kaliṅga (southern) – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Anīkaṭa ('' Markandeya''), Tālīkaṭa (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Kuntala ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kālivala ('' Markandeya''), Vāridhana (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Kalivana ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Raddhakaṭaka (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Bahubhadra ('' Markandeya''), Kādhara (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kaṭhākṣara ('' Markandeya''), Karandhara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kārūṣa ( Karusha), later Cedi ( Chedi) – Southern and Vindhyan Āryāvarta (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'') (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern ''
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kasmira (
Kashmira Kasmira or Kashmira was a kingdom mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, identified as the Kashmir Valley along the Jhelum River of present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India. During the epic ages this was one among the territories of the Naga ra ...
/ Kāmīra) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kekeya / Kaikeyya (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Kaikeya ('' Markandeya''), Kaikeya (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Khaśa / Khasha – Khaśa (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Śaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Koṅkaṇa – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kośala (Central) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kośala (Vindhyan) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''; only Southern in ''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'' and '' Brahmanda'' – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kuninda / Pulinda (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Kaliṅga ('' Markandeya''), Kalinda ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kuntaprāvaraṇa ('' Markandeya''), Apaprāvaraṇa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''), Mudagaraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'' and '' Brahmanda'' –
Magadha Magadha was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and ...
(Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'') –
Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...
(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
), Manada ('' Markandeya''), Mansāda (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Mālavartin (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Mānavartika ('' Markandeya''), Baladantika (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Mālava / Western Malla (known as Malloí by the
ancient Greeks Ancient Greece () was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically re ...
and Malli by
ancient Romans The Roman people was the ethnicity and the body of Roman citizenship, Roman citizens (; ) during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. This concept underwent considerable changes throughout the long history of the Roman ...
) – they were a people from southern
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
, including today's
Multan Multan is the List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population, fifth-most populous city in the Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab province of Pakistan. Located along the eastern bank of the Chenab River, it is the List of cities in Pakistan by populatio ...
city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the
Jhelum Jhelum (; , ) is a city, located along the western bank of the Jhelum River, in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st largest city in Punjab and 31st largest in Pakistan, by population. Located in northern Punjab, it serves as the capital of the ...
,
Hydaspes The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag and flows through the Indian-administered territory of Jammu an ...
for the Greeks, and Ravi, Hydraotes for the Greeks, rivers (see map 8), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historiansIan Worthington 2014, p. 219. in the telling of Alexander III of Macedon's or
Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip ...
(Iskandar) Mallian Campaign; Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Eastern Malla) * Malla / Eastern Malla / Śālva (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Māla (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Māia (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Mālava or Malavas of Western
Ancient India Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentism, Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; ...
– Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Mālava ('' Markandeya'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
/ Yatstha (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kevala ('' Markandeya'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Nāsikānta (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Nāsika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Nihāra ('' Markandeya'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Panchala Panchala () was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj. During Late Vedic times (c. 1100–500 BCE), it was one of the ...
) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pārada / Parita (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Pāravata (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pūru (Puru) – Ancestors of the Paurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Paurava – Descendants of the Puru (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kuru (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – Ancestors of the
Kaurava ''Kaurava'' is a Sanskrit term which refers to descendants of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic ''Mahabharata''. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his ...
(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Kaurava ''Kaurava'' is a Sanskrit term which refers to descendants of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic ''Mahabharata''. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his ...
(''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – Descendants of the Kuru (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pandu Pandu () was the king of Kuru kingdom, with capital at Hastinapur in the epic '' Mahabharata''. He was the foster-father of the five Pandavas, who are the central characters of the epic. Pandu was born pale, to Vichitravirya's second wife ...
– Ancestors of the
Pandava The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, aɳɖɐʋᵊ IAST: Pāṇḍava) is a group name referring to the five legendary brothers, Yudhishtira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, who are central figures of the Hindu epic ''Mahabhara ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pandava The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, aɳɖɐʋᵊ IAST: Pāṇḍava) is a group name referring to the five legendary brothers, Yudhishtira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, who are central figures of the Hindu epic ''Mahabhara ...
– Descendants of
Pandu Pandu () was the king of Kuru kingdom, with capital at Hastinapur in the epic '' Mahabharata''. He was the foster-father of the five Pandavas, who are the central characters of the epic. Pandu was born pale, to Vichitravirya's second wife ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Arjunayana – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Tomara / Tāmasa ('' Markandeya'' and ''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Pragjyotisha) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'' and '' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''), Aṅgalaukika (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Aṅgalaukika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Pulinda ('' Markandeya''), Pulīya (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Pauleya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Rūpapa ('' Markandeya''), Rūpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Śūlika ('' Markandeya''), Jhillika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sārasvata – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sauvīra – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Ṣaṭsura (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Paṭava ('' Markandeya''), Bahela (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Sindhu The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans- Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in the Western Tibet region of China, flows northwest through the disp ...
/ Saindhava – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Sumīna ('' Markandeya''), Sinīla (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Kirāta ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Śudra (
Shudra Shudra or ''Shoodra'' (Sanskrit: ') is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. Some sources translate it into English as a caste, or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like work ...
/ Sudra) / Suhya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Shudra Shudra or ''Shoodra'' (Sanskrit: ') is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. Some sources translate it into English as a caste, or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like work ...
, a Varna) *Sujaraka – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Surashtra) / Saurāṣṭra (''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Sūryāraka ('' Markandeya''), Sūryāraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Shurasena) / Braj – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Turasita (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kurumini ('' Markandeya''), Tubhamina (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Karīti ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Taksasila or
Taxila Taxila or Takshashila () is a city in the Pothohar region of Punjab, Pakistan. Located in the Taxila Tehsil of Rawalpindi District, it lies approximately northwest of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area and is just south of the ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Stanapa (''
Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Tāvakarāma (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Tālaśāla ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Tomara (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
''), Tāmara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Gurguṇa ('' Markandeya'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''), Tāpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'' – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vayu Vayu (; ), also known as Vata () and Pavana (), is the Hindu deities, Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods. In the ''Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king o ...
''), Kholliśa (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'' – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Rāṅgeya ('' Markandeya''), Vojñeya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Videha Videha ( Prākrit: ; Pāli: ; Sanskrit: ) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern Indian subcontinent whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Videha, the Vaidehas, were initially organised into a monarchy ...
– (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Mithila Mithila may refer to: Places * Mithilā, a synonym for the ancient Videha state ** Mithilā (ancient city), the ancient capital city of Videha * Mithila (region), a cultural region (historical and contemporary), now divided between India and Nepa ...
/ Tirabhukti) *Vṛka (Vrika) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the north ...
**Haihayas / Heheya (Talajangha) ***Avanti (India), Avanti – Clan of the Haihayas (Central and Vindhyan Āryāvarta in ''
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
'') ***Bhoja / Gopta (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') (Gupta) – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') ***Sharyatas – Clan of the Haihayas. ****Anarta, Ānarta / Āvantya in '' Markandeya'', ''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'' – Subclan of the Sharyatas (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
''), Tuṣṭikāra ('' Markandeya'') – Clan of the Haihayas. (Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Markandeya''), Vītahotra (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Cedi ( Chedi) / Chaidyas **Shashabindu / Shashabindava – **Vaidarbha / Vidarbha (
Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...
) –
Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the west Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Forming the eastern part of the state, it comprises Amravati Division, Amrav ...
(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indian religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the north ...
***Abhira tribe, Ābhīra – (Udichya and Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Northern and Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Chedi / Cedi) *Gandhara *Kambojas, Kamboja (possibly ancestral of Nuristani) *Varanasi, Kashi / Varanasi, Kasi *Kosala * Kuru *Matsya (tribe), Maccha (
Matsya Matsya () is the fish avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. Often described as the first of Vishnu's Dashavatara, ten primary avatars, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu (Hinduism), Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be dep ...
) *Magadha kingdom, Magadha * Malla *
Panchala Panchala () was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj. During Late Vedic times (c. 1100–500 BCE), it was one of the ...
(Panchala kingdom (Mahabharata), Pañcāla) *Surasena *Vajjika League, Vajji (Vajjika League, Vṛji)) **Licchavi (tribe), Licchavis (tribe) *Vatsa, Vamsha (Vatsa) According to the ''Vyākhyāprajñapti'' / ''Bhagavati Sutra'' (Jain text) *Accha *Anga *Avaha *Vajjika League, Bajji (Vajjika League, Vajji / Vajjika League, Vriji) **Licchavi (tribe), Licchavis (tribe) *Vanga kingdom, Banga / Vanga kingdom, Vanga *Varanasi, Kasi / Varanasi, Kashi *Kochcha *Kosala *Lata (region), Ladha / Lata (region), Lata *
Magadha Magadha was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and ...
*Malavaka *Malaya (located in the Malaya mountains, southernmost part of the Western Ghats, part of the same was called the Sahya Mountains, Southern India) (probably Dravidian and Non-Indo-Aryan) *Malla (tribe), Moli / Malla *Padha *Sambhuttara *Vatsa, Vaccha (Vatsa)


Mentions by Ancient Greek authors

Northwest
Ancient India Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentism, Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; ...
– Indus River Basin *Glausae (Glausaí) (may have been the Gandhari people, Gandhari?) * Malloí / Malli (known as Mālava / Western Malla by Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryans in ancient India) – they were a people from southern
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
, including today's
Multan Multan is the List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population, fifth-most populous city in the Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab province of Pakistan. Located along the eastern bank of the Chenab River, it is the List of cities in Pakistan by populatio ...
city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the
Jhelum Jhelum (; , ) is a city, located along the western bank of the Jhelum River, in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st largest city in Punjab and 31st largest in Pakistan, by population. Located in northern Punjab, it serves as the capital of the ...
,
Hydaspes The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag and flows through the Indian-administered territory of Jammu an ...
for the Greeks, and Ravi, Hydraotes for the Greeks, rivers (see map 9), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historiansPeter Green 2013, p. 418. in the Mallian Campaign of Alexander III of Macedon (Iskandar); Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya (''
Vamana Vamana (, ) also known as Trivikrama (), Urukrama (), Upendra (), Dadhivamana (, ), and Balibandhana (), is an Dashavatara, avatar of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta ...
'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Eastern Malla) *Oxydracae (Oxydrakaí) (may have been the Śudra (Shudra / Sudra) / Suhya ('' Brahmanda''), not to be confused with the
Shudra Shudra or ''Shoodra'' (Sanskrit: ') is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. Some sources translate it into English as a caste, or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like work ...
, a Varna) *Sattagydia, Sattagydans – people that dwelt in Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš; th = θ, from θata – "hundred" and guš – "cows", country of the People of "Hundred Cows"), may have been an Indo-Aryan people of
Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...
with Iranian influence or the opposite, an
Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...
people of
Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...
with Indo-Aryan influence. *Sibae / Sobii (Sibaí / Sivaí / Sobioí / Sivioí) (may have been the Śiva (people), Śiva or Shiva (people), Shiva people of Early Janapadas?) (not to be confused with the God
Śiva Shiva (; , ), also known as Mahadeva (; , , ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐh and Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism. Shiva is known as ''The Destroyer ...
or
Shiva Shiva (; , ), also known as Mahadeva (; , , Help:IPA/Sanskrit, ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐh and Hara, is one of the Hindu deities, principal deities of Hinduism. He is the God in Hinduism, Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions w ...
) Other regions of
Ancient India Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentism, Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; ...
(''India Intra Gangem'') *Pragii / Prasii (Pragioí / Prasioí) (may have been the people of Pragjyotisha kingdom, Prāgjyotiṣa or Pragjyotisha, Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa?)


Indo-Aryan or other tribes (possible)

*Alina (RV 7.18.7) (RV =
Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...
) – They were one of the tribes defeated by
Sudas ''For other uses, see Suda (disambiguation) and Souda (disambiguation) Sudās Paijavana was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battl ...
of the Bharatas at the Dasarajna (Ten Kings Battle). It is suggested that they lived to the north-east of the Kambojas (possible ancestors of the Nuristani that live in Nurestan Province, Nurestan) because in the 7th century CE, the land was mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang. It is possible that they are connected with the Alans or Alani people who are a nomadic Iranian tribe. Alans is a dialectal cognate of Aryāna, itself derived from the root arya-, meaning 'Aryan', the common self-designation of Indo-Iranian peoples. It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a common, ancestral 'Aryan' origin. The historian S. G. Talageri identifies them with the Greeks (Hellenes). However, the dating of the Rigveda and the hypothetical historic time for the Dasarajna, Dasarajna-yuddha (Battle of Ten Kings) occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India. *Parsu (Parśu) – The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians. Pârsâ, is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian. *Shakya – a clan of Iron Age in India, Iron Age India (1st millennium BCE), habitating an area in Greater Magadha, on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains. This is also the clan in which Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni – Sage of the Shakyas) ( to 4th centuries BCE) was born into, whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism. According to Chandra Das, the name "Shakya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śakya," which means "the one who is capable". Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian cultures, Scythian (Saka) origin (part of the Iranian peoples) and assimilated into
Indo-Aryan peoples Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia int ...
.


Hypothetical Indo-Aryans

*Mitanni, Mitanni Indo Aryans (–1300 BCE) – hypothetical ancient people of the northern Middle East in the Mitanni kingdom (part of today's far western Iran, northwestern Iraq, northern Syria and southeastern Turkey), that spoke the hypothetical Mitanni Indo-Aryan (a language that was superstrate of Hurrian language, Hurrian, a non-Indo-European language) and merged with the Hurrians, many of them as a social elite, in the course of the Indo-Aryan migration (towards West in this case).


See also

*
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, ,Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...
**Historicity of the Mahabharata *Monarchy in ancient India *Ramayana *Vedic period


Notes


References


Sources

* * **
Chapter link with alternative pagination
(pp. 85–290) – Via Wayback Machine. ** * * * * * * {{refend


Further reading

*Pargiter, F. E. [1922] 1979. ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition''. New Delhi: Cosmo. Indo-Aryan peoples Lists of ethnic groups, Indo-Aryan Lists of ancient people, Indo-Aryan