The Turul is a mythological

bird of prey Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as (although not the same as) raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively predation, hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and smaller birds). In addition to speed ...

, mostly depicted as a

falcon Falcons () are birds of prey in the genus ''Falco'', which includes about 40 species. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow wings are called hobbies, and some that hover while hunting are called kestrels. Falcons are widely distrib ...

, in Hungarian tradition and Turkic tradition, and a

national symbol A national symbol is a manifestation of a nation or community, serving as a representation of their National identity, identity and values. National symbols may be not only applied to sovereign states but also nations and countries in a state of ...

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...

Origin

The Turul is probably based on a large

. The Hungarian word ''turul'' meant one kind of falcon and the origin of the word is currently thought to be most likely Turkic (''Clauson 1972: 472''.) ('' Róna-Tas et al. 2011:2: 954-56)''), which is the language of origin of over 10% of words in modern Hungarian lexicon and the exonym "Hungarian" and the word "Hun". ''Toġrïl'' or ''toğrul'' means a medium to large

of the family

Accipitridae The Accipitridae () is one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds of prey with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects ...

, goshawk or

red kite The red kite (''Milvus milvus'') is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other Diurnality, diurnal Bird of prey, raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harrier (bird), harriers. The species currently breeds only i ...

. In Hungarian the word ''sólyom'' means falcon, and there are three ancient words describing different kinds of falcons: ''kerecsen'' reek κερχνηίς( saker falcon), ''zongor'' urkish ''sungur'' = gyrfalcon">gyrfalcon.html" ;"title="urkish ''sungur'' = gyrfalcon">urkish ''sungur'' = gyrfalcon(which survives in the male name ''Csongor'') and ''turul''. In the legend of Emese, recorded in the ''

Gesta Hungarorum ''Gesta Hungarorum'', or ''The Deeds of the Hungarians'', is the earliest book about Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian history which has survived for posterity. Its genre is not chronicle, but ''gesta'', meaning "deeds" or "acts", which is a medie ...

'' and the ''

Chronicon Pictum The ''Chronicon Pictum'' or ''Illuminated Chronicle'' (, , , also referred to as the ''Illustrated Chronicle'', ''Chronica Hungarorum'', ''Chronicon Hungarie Pictum'', ''Chronica Picta'' or ''Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum'') is a medieval illust ...

'', the ''turul'' is mentioned as occurring in a dream of Emese, when she was already pregnant. In older literature, this was interpreted as "impregnation", but the text is clear. The Turul's role is one of a protector spirit, that protects the infant

Álmos Álmos (), also Almos or Almus ( 820 – 895), was—according to the uniform account of Hungarian chronicles—the first head of the "loose federation" of the Hungarian tribes from around 850. Whether he was the Sacred king, sacred ruler (''k ...

, from harm. This is a very similar motif to the role of the

Simurgh The simurgh (; ; also spelled ''senmurv, simorgh, simorg'', ''simurg'', ''simoorg, simorq'' or ''simourv'') is a benevolent bird in Persian mythology and Persian literature, literature. It bears some similarities with mythological birds from di ...

in the Iranian epic

Shahnameh The ''Shahnameh'' (, ), also transliterated ''Shahnama'', is a long epic poem written by the Persian literature, Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couple ...

. In a second dream by the leader of the Hungarian tribes, in which eagles (the emblem of the

Pechenegs The Pechenegs () or Patzinaks, , Middle Turkic languages, Middle Turkic: , , , , , , ka, პაჭანიკი, , , ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Pečenezi, separator=/, Печенези, also known as Pecheneg Turks were a semi-nomadic Turkic peopl ...

, enemies of the Hungarians) attacked their horses and the Turul came and saved them. The image of the Turul and its role is similar to that of the Norse Vedfolnir, which like it perched on the tree of life. The Huns reportedly also used the image of the eagle, which for them symbolized the leader. The image of a bird of prey was extremely popular in

Saka The Saka, Old Chinese, old , Pinyin, mod. , ), Shaka (Sanskrit (Brāhmī): , , ; Sanskrit (Devanāgarī): , ), or Sacae (Ancient Greek: ; Latin: were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples, Eastern Iranian peoples who lived in the Eurasian ...

Scythian The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC fr ...

culture. More broadly, this image was common among the nomads of Central Asia. Rather than belonging to a specific ethnic group, it was widespread across the steppe, and the union of a falcon and a woman is "firmly located in a shamanic religio-mythical universe." A prominent example among similar legends is that of the Mongols, contained in ''

The Secret History of the Mongols The ''Secret History of the Mongols'' is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolic languages. Written for the Borjigin, Mongol royal family some time after the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, it recounts his life and conquests, and parti ...

'', where Genghis Khan's mother-in-law dreams that an eagle holding the sun and the moon in its claws lands on her hand, in anticipation of the birth of the Mongolian royal dynasty. In some parts of

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

and

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...

and Kyrgyz carry falcons inside the yurt during childbirth, because their eyes are said to stave off demons that attack pregnant women during childbirth. Macdonald calls it a "practical use" of the falcons' association with fertility. A pair of silver disk with Turul motive was found in Rakamaz,

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

from a 10th century Hungarian cemetery. The most beautiful ornament of noble Hungarian women was a pair of decorative disks hanging from the end of the hair braid. File:A rakamazi hajfonatkorong 1 - Turul.jpg, A pair of silver hair decoration disk with motive of mythic Turul bird from a 10th century Hungarian cemetery (Found in Rakamaz,

) Jósa András Museum in

Nyíregyháza Nyíregyháza (, ) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great ...

File:A rakamazi hajfonatkorong 2 - Turul.jpg, The other part of the pair of the silver hair decoration disk with motive of mythic Turul bird from a 10th century Hungarian cemetery (Found in Rakamaz,

) File:Prehistoric Times of Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia - NM Prague 59.JPG, Gilt silver disk with Turul motif (Hungary, 10th century), National Museum in Prague (temporary exhibition)

Turul dynasty

In Hungarian tradition, it originated as the clan symbol used in the 9th and 10th centuries by the ruling

Árpád dynasty The Árpád dynasty consisted of the members of the royal House of Árpád (), also known as Árpáds (, ). They were the ruling dynasty of the Principality of Hungary in the 9th and 10th centuries and of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 130 ...

. The

was the ruling

dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchy, monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. H ...

of the

Principality of Hungary The Grand Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary (: "Hungarian Grand Principality", ) was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established in 895 or 896, following the 9th century Magyar invasion of the Carpath ...

in the 9th and 10th centuries and of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

from 1000 to 1301. The

is also referred to as the Turul dynasty. The ''

Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum The ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum'Reader's encyclopedia of Eastern European literature'', 1993, Robert B. Pynsent, Sonia I. Kanikova, p. 529. (Latin: "Deeds of the Huns and Hungarians") is a medieval chronicle written mainly by Simon of K� ...

'' mentioned that the

descended from the ''gens'' (clan) Turul, and the ''

'' recorded that the Árpád's totemic ancestor was the Turul.Kristó 1994 ''Korai'' p. 693. In the legend of Emese, recorded in the ''

'' and the ''

'', the Turul is mentioned as occurring in a dream of Emese, when she was already pregnant. File:Nagyszentmiklos 26NA.jpg, alt=Illustration on the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós depicting Álmos legend from the Hungarian mythology: Emese's dream with the Turul bird, Illustration on the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós depicting

legend from the Hungarian mythology: Dream of Emese with the Turul bird. Avar gold treasure from the 7-9th century, it was found in 1799 in Nagyszentmiklós,

(now

Sânnicolau Mare Sânnicolau Mare (; ; ; Banat Swabians, Banat Swabian: ''Sanniklos''; ; Banat Bulgarian dialect, Banat Bulgarian: ''Smikluš'') is a List of cities and towns in Romania, town in Timiș County, Romania, and the westernmost in the country. Located i ...

, Romania). It locates today at the

Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ( "Vienna Museum of art history, Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, i ...

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

. File:Nagyszentmiklos 4.jpg, Similar Turul depiction on another gold item of the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós File:Nagyszentmiklos 6.jpg, Similar Turul depiction on another gold item of the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós File:Anikovskaia-II plate-with-bird-and-woman-Hermitage.jpg, A similar scene on a

Sassanid The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

silver plate from the 7th century; decorated with an eagle carrying a woman, the plate was found in Cherdynsky District in the Soviet Union in 1934, now in the

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and holds the large ...

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

. File:Anikovskaia-II plate-with-bird-and-woman.jpg, Close up scene of the

silver plate According to the ''

'', King

Attila Attila ( or ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in early 453. He was also the leader of an empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans, and Gepids, among others, in Central Europe, C ...

had the Turul bird on his shield and it was the military badge of the Hungarians until the time of Prince Géza. File:Képes krónika - 7.oldal - A hunok bejövetele Pannóniába.jpg, The

Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was par ...

, considered by the chronicle to be the ancestors of the

arrive in

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Roman Italy, Italy, and on the southward by Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It ...

from

Scythia Scythia (, ) or Scythica (, ) was a geographic region defined in the ancient Graeco-Roman world that encompassed the Pontic steppe. It was inhabited by Scythians, an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people. Etymology The names ...

at the first time, a Turul flag protruding from the frame of the picture (

, 1358) File:Képes krónika - 9.oldal - Attila csatája Zeiselmauernél a rómaiakkal.jpg, Attila's battle with the Romans at Zeiselmauer, a golden flag decorated with a Turul stands out from the picture (

, 1358) File:Chronicon Pictum P014 Atilla Aquileiát ostromolja.JPG, The Huns led by

are besieging

Aquileia Aquileia is an ancient Roman city in Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern Natisone), the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times. Today, the city is small ( ...

, one Hun warrior carries a Turul flag (

, 1358) File:Attila-Turul Képes-krónika.jpg, King

, the Turul bird in his shield (

, 1358) File:Képes krónika - 21.oldal - Előd vezér.jpg, Előd, one of the seven chieftains of the Hungarians relies on a Turul shield (

, 1358) File:Képes krónika - 21.oldal - Álmos vezér.jpg,

, Grand Prince of the Hungarians holds a Turul shield in his hand (

, 1358) File:HetVezer-ChroniconPictum.jpg, The seven chieftains of the Hungarians,

Árpád Árpád (; 845 – 907) was the head of the confederation of the Magyar tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. He might have been either the sacred ruler or '' kende'' of the Hungarians, or their military leader or '' g ...

, Grand Prince of the Hungarians is in the middle with a Turul shield (

, 1358) File:Arpad Kepes Kronika.jpg,

, Grand Prince of the Hungarians stands with a Turul shield (

, 1358) File:Képes krónika - 33.oldal - Taksony fejedelem.jpg, Grand Prince Taksony, a Turul bird is on his shield (

, 1358) File:Képes krónika - 36.oldal - Apor kapitány.jpg, Captain Apor, the leader of the Hungarian army wears a Turul bird as a crest on his flag, shield and chest (

, 1358) File:Thuróczy krónika - Attila király.jpg, King

, his flag depicts the Turul bird (

Chronica Hungarorum ''Chronica Hungarorum'' (Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians") (), also known as the Thuróczy Chronicle, is the title of a 15th-century Latin-language Hungarian chronicle written by Johannes de Thurocz, Johannes Thuróczy by compiling seve ...

, 1488) File:Attila Rex Hunnorum.jpg, King

of the Huns, his flag depicts the Turul bird ( Nádasdy Mausoleum, 1664)

Coat of arms of Transylvania

The first heraldic representations of

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

date from the 16th century. The Diet of 1659 codified the representation of the Union of the Three Nations in Transylvania's coat of arms. It depicted a black eagle, a Turul on a blue background, representing the

, the Sun and the Moon representing the

Székelys The Székelys (, Old Hungarian script, Székely runes: ), also referred to as Szeklers, are a Hungarians, Hungarian subgroup living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania. In addition to their native villages in Suceava County in Bukovina, a ...

, and seven red towers on a yellow background representing the seven fortified cities of the

Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons (; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen'' or simply ''Soxen'', singularly ''Sox'' or ''Soax''; Transylvanian Landler dialect, Transylvanian Landler: ''Soxn'' or ''Soxisch''; ; seldom ''sa ...

. The flag and coat of arms of Transylvania were granted by Queen

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure, in her own right. She was the ...

in 1765, when she established a Grand Principality within the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

. File:Coat of arms of Transylvania.svg,

Coat of arms of Transylvania The flag and coat of arms of Transylvania were granted by Maria Theresa in 1765, when she established a Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867), Grand Principality within the Habsburg monarchy. While neither symbol has official status in presen ...

File:Coa Transylvania Country History v4.svg, Coat of arms of Transylvania by Levinus Hulsius (1596) File:SigismundBathory1597.jpg, Coat of arm of Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (1586–1598, 1598–1599, 1601–1602) File:Coat of arms of Transilvania in Stematographia.jpg, Coat of arms of Transylvania by

Hristofor Žefarović Hristofor Žefarović (, sr-Cyrl, Христофор Жефаровић, ''Hristofor Zhefarovich'') was an 18th-century painter, engraver, writer and poet and a notable proponent of early Illyrian movement, pan-South Slavism. Biography Born at ...

(1741) File:Wappen Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen.png, Coat of arms of Transylvania by

Hugo Gerard Ströhl Hugo Gerard Ströhl (24 September 1851 – 7 December 1919) was an Austrian heraldist. Life Ströhl was born in Wels in Upper Austria. A talented painter, he studied at the School for Applied Arts (" Kunstgewerbeschule des Österreichisc ...

File:Erdely-Cimere-1765.jpg, Coat of arms of Transylvania (1765) File:Wappen Ungarische Länder 1867 (Mittel).png, Coat of arms of Transylvania in the coat of arms of the

(1867–1915)

Modern use

The Turul is used as in the design of coats of arms of the Hungarian Defence Forces, the Counter Terrorism Centre and the Office of National Security. The central element of the emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces is the Turul bird with extended wings holding the sword of King

Saint Stephen Stephen (; ) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity."St ...

in its claws. There were 3 large Turul statues, each with a wingspan of 15 metres, in

(before the country had its borders reconfigured by the

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (; ; ; ), often referred to in Hungary as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on the one side by Hungary ...

). The last of the three stands on a mountain near Tatabánya,

, but the other two were destroyed. It is the largest bird statue in Europe, and the largest bronze statue in

Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...

. There remain at least 195 Turul statues in Hungary, as well as 48 in

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

(32 in

and 16 in Partium), 8 in

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

, 7 in

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

, 5 in

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, 1 in

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

and 1 in Croatia. One of the most recently erected, , on St Michael the Archangel's Day, is in Hungary's Ópusztaszer National Heritage Park. Some of the

postage stamps issued after 1900 feature the Turul. File:Emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces.svg, Emblem and flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces File:Insigne du Terrorelhárítási Központot (TEK).svg, Logo of the Counter Terrorism Centre File:Emblem of the Constitution Protection Office of Hungary.svg, Logo of the

Constitution Protection Office The Constitution Protection Office (, "''AH''") is a Hungarian internal security intelligence agency, formerly known as (En. Office of National Security). Its primary responsibilities are: counterintelligence, anticorruption, economic securi ...

File:Hungary-50-forint-2001.jpg, Coin of 50 forint in Hungary, depicted with saker falcon, several authors identify the Turul with saker falcon File:Flag of Banate of Leitha.svg, Flag of Banate of Leitha (1921)

Gallery

File:Pillars of Liberty Bridge, Budapest.jpg, Turul birds on the pillars of Liberty Bridge,

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

(1896) File:Turul - Budai vár - 2.jpg, Turul bird on the northeast corner of the Royal Castle in

, the height of the statue is 6 m (made by Gyula Donáth in 1903) File:The Turul is the most important bird in the origin myth of the Magyars, Buda Castle, 2013 Budapest.jpg, Turul bird on the northeast corner of the Royal Castle in

, (made by Gyula Donáth in 1903) File:Turul emlékmű (6477. számú műemlék) 8.jpg, Crown headed Turul bird, Bánhida ( Tatabánya),

, the largest bird statue in Europe (made by Gyula Donáth in 1907) File:Turul - Bánhida (Tatabánya) - 7.jpg, Crown headed Turul bird, Bánhida ( Tatabánya),

, the largest bird statue in Europe (made by Gyula Donáth in 1907) File:Turul - Bánhida (Tatabánya) - 2.jpg, Crown headed Turul bird, Bánhida ( Tatabánya),

, the largest bird statue in Europe (made by Gyula Donáth in 1907) File:Turul - Bánhida (Tatabánya) - 6.jpg, Crown headed Turul bird, Bánhida ( Tatabánya),

, the largest bird statue in Europe (made by Gyula Donáth in 1907) File:Turul Uzhhorod Castle 2015 G1.jpg, Turul in the Ungvár (now

Uzhhorod Uzhhorod (, ; , ; , ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality on the Uzh, Uzh River in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistan ...

) Castle,

Transcarpathia Transcarpathia (, ) is a historical region on the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast. From the Hungarian Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, conquest of the Carpathian Basin ...

File:Turul - Budapest XII. kerület - 1.jpg, Turul statue in the 12th District of

(2005) File:Turul - Budapest XII. kerület - 2.jpg, Turul statue in the 12th District of

(2005) File:Turul szobor - Rakamaz.jpg, Turul statue in Rakamaz,

(2009) File:Turul - Csíkszentmárton - 1.jpg, Turul statue on war memorial, Csíkszentmárton (now Sânmartin),

(1941) File:Turul - Csíkszentmárton - 4.jpg, Turul statue on war memorial, Csíkszentmárton (now Sânmartin),

(1941) File:Turul - Csíkszentmárton - 2.jpg, Turul statue on war memorial, Csíkszentmárton (now Sânmartin),

(1941) File:Turul - Győr.jpg, Turul bird statue on the Kossuth Bridge in

Győr Győr ( , ; ; names of European cities in different languages: E-H#G, names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia region, and – halfwa ...

(1928) File:Turul - Budapest XIV.kerület, Zugló.jpg, Turul bird on the Trianon memorial in the 14th District of

(2012) File:Turul - Berekfürdő.jpg, Turul bird, Millennium memorial in Berekfürdő,

(2001) File:Turul - Budapest XXII. kerület, Nagytétény - 1.jpg, Turul bird in the 22nd District of

, World War 1 memorial,

(1934) File:Turul - Budapest XXII. kerület, Nagytétény - 3.jpg, Turul bird in the 22nd District of

, World War 1 memorial,

(1934) File:Turul - Kisújszállás - 4.jpg, Turul bird on the Trianon memorial in

Kisújszállás Kisújszállás is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population of 12,869 people (2002). Politics The current mayor of Kisújszállás is ...

(1936) File:Turul - Kisújszállás - 3.jpg, Turul bird on the Trianon memorial in

(1936) File:Turul - Nagyvárad.jpg, Turul bird on the city hall of Nagyvárad (now

Oradea Oradea (, , ; ; ) is a city in Romania, located in the Crișana region. It serves as the administrative county seat, seat of Bihor County and an economic, social, and cultural hub in northwestern Romania. The city lies between rolling hills on ...

(1904) File:Turul - Egyházaskozár.jpg, Turul bird in Egyházaskozár, memorial of the

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 The Hungarian Revolution of 1848, also known in Hungary as Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many Revolutions of 1848, European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in ...

(2006) File:Turul - Nagyszalonta - 1.jpg, Turul bird on the city hall of Nagyszalonta (now

Salonta Salonta (; , colloquially , ; ) is a municipiu, city in Bihor County, in the geographical region of Crișana, north-western Romania, near the Hungarian border. Population According to the 2021 Romanian census, 2021 census, Salonta has a popu ...

(1907) File:Turul - Nagyszalonta - 2.jpg, Turul bird on the city hall of Nagyszalonta (now

(1907) File:Turul - Szent Gellért rakpart - 3.jpg, Turul statue at the foot of the Gellért Hill in

(1904) File:Turul - Szent Gellért rakpart - 4.jpg, Turul statue at the foot of the Gellért Hill in

(1904) File:Turul - Madarasi-Hargita - 1.jpg, Turul statue near at the peak of the Madarasi-Hargita ( Harghita-Mădăraș), the holy mountain of the

(1801 m) in

(2014) File:Turul - Madarasi-Hargita - 2.jpg, Turul statue near at the peak of the Madarasi-Hargita ( Harghita-Mădăraș), the holy mountain of the

(1801 m) in

(2014) File:Turul-Életfa - Szada.jpg, Turul-Tree of Life, Szada,

(2000) File:Turul - Kanada.jpg, Turul bird in

Lethbridge Lethbridge ( ) is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. With a population of 106,550 in the 2023 Alberta municipal censuses, 2023 municipal census, Lethbridge became the fourth Alberta city to surpass 100,000 people. The nearby Canadian ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

(2006) File:Turul - Karcag.jpg, Crown headed Turul bird in

Karcag Karcag () is a large town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography Karcag covers an area of and has a population of 20,632 people (2011). Transport Karcag has its own railway station, bu ...

(1996)

References

Notes

External links

* *https://www.kozterkep.hu/gyujtemenyek/megtekintes/5cbd630d4314f24909213f73/turulmadarak {{National symbols of Hungary Mythological birds of prey Heraldic birds Monuments and memorials in Hungary National symbols of Hungary Hungarian legendary creatures Turkic legendary creatures Tengriism