Turkmen, Türkmen, Turkoman, or Turkman may refer to:

Peoples

Historical ethnonym

Turkoman (ethnonym) Turkoman, also known as Turcoman (), was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A.D, formed a tribal confederation in an area between t ...

, ethnonym used for the Oghuz Turks during the Middle Ages

Ethnic groups

* Turkmen in Anatolia and the Levant (Seljuk and Ottoman-Turkish descendants): ** Until the 17th and 18th centuries, Azerbaijani Turks were also called this way **

Iraqi Turkmen The Iraqi Turkmen (, عراق تورکمنلری; Arabic: تركمان العراق), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, (, عراق توركلری; ) are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq. They make up to 10%–13% of the Iraqi population. I ...

, a Turkish minority living mostly in the Turkmeneli region in northern Iraq ** Israeli Turkmen, a Turkish minority living in Israel **

Lebanese Turkmen Lebanese Turkmen (; , ''Atrāk Lubnān''), also known as the Lebanese Turks or Lebanese Turkish people are people of Turkish ancestry that live in Lebanon. The historic rule of several Turkic dynasties in the region saw continuous Turkish migra ...

, a Turkish minority living in Lebanon **

Palestinian Turkmen The Turks in Palestine (), also referred to as Palestinian Turks, Palestinian Turkmen and Palestinian Turkish people () are ethnic Turkish descendants who have had a long-established presence in Palestine. With Turkish rule spanning between the ...

, a Turkish minority living in the region of Palestine **

Syrian Turkmen Syrian Turkmen, also called Syrian Turks or Syrian Turkish people (; ) are Syrian citizens of Turkish origin who mainly trace their roots to Anatolia (i.e. modern Turkey). Turkish-speaking Syrian Turkmen make up the third largest ethnic group ...

, a Turkish minority living mostly in northern Syria **

Yörüks The Yörüks, also Yuruks or Yorouks (; , ''Youroúkoi''; ; , ''Juruci''), are a Turkish ethnic subgroup of Oghuz descent, some of whom are nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia, and partly in the Balkan peninsula. On the Bal ...

, a semi-nomadic group in Anatolia often referred to as Turkmen in Turkey **

Anatolian beyliks Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more exte ...

, small principalities in Anatolia governed by Beys, late 11th–13th centuries *

Turkmens Turkmens (, , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan. Sizeable groups of Turkmens are found also in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, ...

, a Turkic people native to Central Asia living primarily in Turkmenistan and North Caucasus **

Iranian Turkmens Iranian Turkmens (; ) are a branch of Turkmen people living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of Iran. Their region is called Turkmen Sahra and includes substantial parts of Golestan Province of Iran. The number of Turkmens in Iran is ...

, Turkmen minority living in Iran ** Afghan Turkmens, Turkmen minority living in Afghanistan ** Turkmen in Pakistan, mostly Turkmen refugees from Afghanistan and Turkmenistan living in Pakistan **

Turkmen tribes The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng, and Saryk. The most numerous are the Teke. The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent r ...

, the major modern Turkmen tribes that live in Turkmenistan, Iran and Afghanistan

Other uses for people

* Türkmen (surname), list of people with the surname * Qarapapaqs or Terekeme, an ethnic minority living in Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan *

Oghuz Turks The Oghuz Turks ( Middle Turkic: , ) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia ...

, a large branch of Turkic peoples, historically Muslim nomadic Oghuz Turks (in the 10th–18th centuries)

Languages

Eastern Oghuz

Turkmen language Turkmen (, , , or , , , ) is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia. It has an estimated 4.7 million native speakers in Turkmenistan (where it is the official language), and a further 359,000 speakers i ...

, the official language of Turkmenistan **

Turkmen alphabet The Turkmen alphabet refers to variants of the Latin script, Latin alphabet, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabet, or Arabic script, Arabic alphabet used for writing of the Turkmen language. The modified variant of the Latin script, Latin alphabe ...

, used for official purposes in Turkmenistan

Western Oghuz

* Iraqi Turkmen/Turkman dialects, a Turkish dialect in Iraq * Syrian Turkmen/Turkman dialects, a Turkish dialect in Syria

Places

Afghanistan

* Turkman Valley

Azerbaijan

Türkmən, Barda Türkmən (also, Tyurkman and Tyurkmen) is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at th ...

Türkmən, Goychay Türkmən (also, Turkman) is a village in the Goychay Rayon of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and ...

Türkmən, Qabala Türkmən (also, Tyurkman) is a village in the Qabala Rayon of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and ...

Iran

Turkmen Sahra Turkmen Sahra () is a region in the northeast of Iran near the Caspian Sea, bordering Turkmenistan, the majority of whose inhabitants are ethnic Turkmen. The most important cities of Turkmen Sahra are Gonbad-e Kavus, Aqqala, Kalaleh, Maraveh ...

Torkamanchay Torkamanchay () is a city in the Central District of Torkamanchay County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Barvanan-e Markazi Rural District unti ...

Torkaman County Torkaman County () is in Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar Torkaman. History After the 2006 National Census, Gomishan District was separated from the county in the establishment of Gomishan County. Faraghi Rura ...

Central District (Torkaman County) The Central District of Torkaman County () is in Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar Torkaman. History After the 2006 National Census, Faraghi Rural District was created in the district, and villages were separated f ...

Bandar Torkaman Bandar Torkaman () is a city in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's populati ...

Torkaman, West Azerbaijan Torkaman () is a village in, and the capital of, Torkaman Rural District of the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a ...

Tappeh Torkaman Tappeh Torkaman (, also Romanized as Tappeh Torkamān) is a village in Torkaman Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known a ...

Qarah Tappeh, Torkaman Qarah Tappeh (, also Romanized as Qareh Tappeh) is a village in Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known a ...

Iraq

Turkmeneli Turkmeneli, also known as Turkmenland, and historically as Turcomania, (), and East Turkmeneli (Doğu Türkmeneli) is a political term used to define the vast swath of territory in which the Iraqi Turkmens historically have had a dominant populat ...

Northern Cyprus

* Kontea, known in Turkish as Türkmenköy

Syria

Turkmen Mountain Turkmen Mountain (; ''Jabal Turkman'', ) is a mountain range in the north of the Latakia region of Syria, in the area called Bayırbucak locally in Turkish, neighboring the Turkish border. The name is not historically attested in written sourc ...

Turkey

* Türkmen, Çüngüş * Türkmen, Emirdağ * Türkmen, Gölpazarı * Türkmen, Keşan * Türkmen, Vezirköprü * Türkmenakören, Emirdağ

Turkmenistan

Türkmenabat Türkmenabat (), formerly Amul, Cärjew/Chardzhou (until 1924 and from 1940-1999), and Novy Chardzhuy (from 1927-1940), is the second-largest city in Turkmenistan and the administrative centre of Lebap Province. , it had a population of approxima ...

Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan Türkmenbaşy, previously known as Shagadam (), Krasnovodsk () and Kyzyl-Su, is a city in Balkan Region, Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of . The population (est 2004 ...

Culture

Music of Turkmenistan The music of contemporary nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related other Central Asian folk forms and is descended from Arab and Persian forms of the Middle Ages. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singer ...

* Turkmen rug, a type of handmade floor-covering originating in Central Asia

Media

* Türkmen Owazy, a music TV channel in Turkmenistan * Türkmeneli TV, a bilingual (Arabic and Turkish) TV channel based in Iraq and Turkey

Other uses

* Someone or something related to

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

Animals

Hybrid camel The hybrid camel is a domestic camelid hybrid between a Bactrian camel (''Camelus bactrianus'') and dromedary (''Camelus dromedarius''). It is the offspring of a male Bactrian camel and a female dromedary. Names Hybrid camels have different ...

, sometimes called a Turkoman *

Central Asian Shepherd Dog The Central Asian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Alabay, Alabai (, ) and Turkmen Wolf-Hound (Туркменский волкодав), is a livestock guardian dog breed. Traditionally, the breed was used for guarding sheep and goat herds, as w ...

, known as the Turkmen Alabai *

Turkoman horse The Turkoman horse, or Turkmene, is an Oriental horse breed from the steppes of Central Asia. It influenced many modern horse breeds, including the Thoroughbred horse. Modern descendants include the Akhal-Teke, the Iomud, the Goklan and Nokhor ...

, or Turkmene, an extinct breed of horse from Turkmenistan *

Turkmenian kulan The Turkmenian kulan (''Equus hemionus kulan''), also called Transcaspian wild ass, Turkmenistani onager or simply the ', is a subspecies of onager (Asiatic wild ass) native to Central Asia. It was declared Endangered in 2016. The species's po ...

, ''Equus hemionus kulan'', a type of wild ass * Turkoman (horse) (born 1982), an American Thoroughbred racehorse

Films

* ''Torkaman'' (film), a 1974 Iranian film