The Turkish Naval Forces (), or Turkish Navy (), is the

naval warfare Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river. The Military, armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be ...

service branch of the TAF. The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the ''Directorate of Naval Affairs'' during the

Turkish War of Independence , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...

led by

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death an ...

. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the ''Turkish Naval Forces''. In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and

Commando A commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines. Originally, "a commando" was a type of combat unit, as oppo ...

detachments. As of early 2021, the navy operates a wide variety of

ships A ship is a large vessel that travels the world's oceans and other navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, ...

and 60 maritime aircraft.

History

Ottoman fleet after Mudros

Following the demise of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in the aftermath of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, on 3 November 1918, the fleet commander of the

Ottoman Navy The Ottoman Navy () or the Imperial Navy (), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottomans first reached the sea in 1323 by capturing Praenetos (later called Karamürsel ...

rear admiral Rear admiral is a flag officer rank used by English-speaking navies. In most European navies, the equivalent rank is called counter admiral. Rear admiral is usually immediately senior to commodore and immediately below vice admiral. It is ...

Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn, and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, ''The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923'', Naval Institute Press,

Annapolis, Maryland Annapolis ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland. It is the county seat of Anne Arundel County and its only incorporated city. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east ...

, 1995, , p. 57. The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship and the cruisers and were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces. Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser was transferred to the Gulf of İzmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn; while her ammunition and guns were removed. During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active

coast guard A coast guard or coastguard is a Maritime Security Regimes, maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with cust ...

duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919; such as the torpedo boats ''Akhisar'' and ''Dıraç'' which patrolled the

Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's E ...

, the gunboat '' Hızır Reis'' which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers and ''Tir-i Müjgan'' which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros. Before the

began, the ''Bahriye Nazırlığı'' (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat ''Preveze'' to Sinop and the gunboat ''Aydın Reis'' to

Trabzon Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. The city was founded in 756 BC as "Trapezous" by colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid E ...

in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties. However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the ''Preveze'' and ''Aydın Reis'' to remain in harbour until the end of 1919. During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies. Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by

and headquartered in

Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ...

Turkish War of Independence

Directorate of Naval Affairs

A large number of the naval officers and students of the Naval Academy went to

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

for participating in the

. On 10 July 1920, the ''Directorate of Naval Affairs'' (''Umur-u Bahriye Müdürlüğü'') was founded in Ankara under the Ministry of National Defense and was given the duty of organizing and maintaining strategic logistical shipping through the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

in order to provide the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with weapons and other supplies. All existing naval institutions in the parts of Anatolia that were administered by the Ankara government were assigned to this Directorate. The Directorate of Naval Affairs was extremely successful in organizing local surface units and volunteers and in forming an intelligence network to discover the movements of the enemy ships. As a result, logistic transportation was carried out effectively. The Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara made an agreement with the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

to procure supplies for the Turkish liberation forces. ''Aydın Reis'' left from

Samsun Samsun is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of ...

(on 16 September 1920) and ''Preveze'' left from

(on 30 September 1920) for Novorossiysk in order to transport weapons, other supplies and financial aid to the Turkish liberation forces. The ''Trabzon Shipping Detachment'', which was founded on 21 September 1920, was renamed as the ''Trabzon Naval Shipping Command'' with the directive issued by the Ministry of National Defense on 26 October 1920. On 1 January 1921, the

Naval Command was formed. In the subsequent stages of the Turkish War of Independence, due to the growing need for maritime shipping and the increase in the quantity and quality of the units and small ships, the organizational structure of the Directorate of Naval Affairs was gradually extended. In the same period, a number of Turkish civilian seamen formed a group under the name of the ''Naval Aid Organization'' (''Muavenet-i Bahriye'').Cevat Ülkekul
"Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda Türk Denizcileri ve Cumhuriyet Bahriyesinin Kuruluşu"
(''"Turkish Seamen during the War of Independence and Establishment of the Republican Navy"''), ''Uluslararası Piri Reis Sempozyumu'', 27–29 Eylül 2004 (Bildiri), Office of Navigation of Hydrography and Oceanography. This group secretly obtained cannons, light weapons, ammunition, landmines and ordnance from the former Ottoman military warehouses in Istanbul that were under the control of the occupying Allies and sent them to the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with civil water transportation crafts.

Presidency of the Naval Department

On 1 March 1921, the Directorate of Naval Affairs was transformed into the Presidency of the Naval Department (''Bahriye Dairesi Reisliği'') and had control over the Naval Commands in Samsun, Amasra and

İzmit İzmit () is a municipality and the capital Districts of Turkey, district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 480 km2, and its population is 376,056 (2022). The capital of Kocaeli Province, it is located at the Gulf of İzmit in the Sea ...

(formed on 28 June 1921); the Naval Transport Detachment in Trabzon; the Naval Transport Command in Ereğli; the Naval Detachment in Lake Eğirdir; and the Naval Liaison Group in

Fethiye Fethiye () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 875 km2, and its population is 177,702 (2022). It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Turkish Riviera. It was formerly k ...

(formed on 16 March 1921.) During the War of Independence, Turkish naval forces transported 220,000 tons of weapons, ammunition and equipment to the land forces in Anatolia.

Ministry of the Navy

Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (''Bahriye Nazırlığı'') building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922. The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (''Bahriye Vekâleti'') of the Republic of Turkey, headquartered in Ankara, was decided by the Grand National Assembly on 29 December 1924, and Topçu İhsan Bey (İhsan Eryavuz) was appointed the first (and only) Naval Minister of Turkey.''Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm ansiklopedisi'', Vol 12, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslâm Ansiklopedisi Genel Müdürlüğü, 1988, When the

Republic of Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

was established on 29 October 1923, the former Ottoman vessels that remained under Turkish control were as follows:Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, ''The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923'', Naval Institute Press,

, 1995, , p. 59. In active service: 2 cruisers (, ''Peyk-i Şevket''), 2 yachts (''Ertuğrul'', ''Söğütlü''), 1 destroyer (''Taşoz''), 4 gunboats (''Burak Reis'', ''Hızır Reis'', ''Kemal Reis'', ''İsa Reis''), 1 minelayer (), 1 aviso (''Galata''), 4 tugs and 7 motorboats. Out of service (needing repair): 2 battleships (, ), 2 cruisers (''Berk-i Satvet'', ), 4 destroyers (, ''Nümune-i Hamiyet'', ''Basra'', ''Samsun''), 6 torpedo boats (, ''Yunus'', ''Akhisar'', ''Dıraç'', ''Musul'', ''Berk Efşan''), 1 gunboat (''Sakız''). Preparations were made to carry out the maintenance and overhaul of small-tonnage warships (the three ''Taşoz''-class destroyers and the gunboats ''Burak Reis'', ''Sakız'', ''İsa Reis'' and ''Kemal Reis'') and to make them combat-ready. Thus, the cruiser ''Hamidiye'', which was planned to be employed as a Cadet Training Ship, was overhauled. During the 1920s, a commitment to refurbish the battlecruiser (which remained in active service until 1950) as the centerpiece of the republic's fleet was the only constant element of the various naval policies which were put forward. The battlecruiser remained in

until 1926, in a neglected state:Gardiner and Gray, p. 391Whitley, p. 241Worth, p. 271 only two of her boilers worked, she could not steer or steam, and she still had two unrepaired scars from the mine damage in 1918. Enough money was raised to allow the purchase of a new floating dock from the German company ''Flender'', as ''Yavuz'' could not be towed anywhere without risk of her sinking in rough seas.Brice, p. 277 The French company ''Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet'' was contracted in December 1926 to oversee the subsequent refit, which was carried out by the Gölcük Naval Shipyard. Since the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 required the disarmament of the

Turkish Straits The Turkish Straits () are two internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey. The Straits create a series of international passages that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea. They consist of the Dardanelles ...

, the infrastructures belonging to the Turkish Naval Forces on the

Bosphorus The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...

(in Istinye) and on the Golden Horn were transferred to Gölcük. In this period, Gölcük was designated as the main Turkish naval base. The overhaul works of TCG ''Yavuz'' proceeded over three years (1927–1930); they were delayed when several compartments of the dock collapsed while being pumped out. ''Yavuz'' was slightly damaged before she could be refloated and the dock had to be repaired before the overhaul works could be resumed. The Minister of the Navy, İhsan Eryavuz, was convicted of embezzlement in the resulting investigation which became known as the ''Yavuz-Havuz case'' (''havuz'' meaning "dock" in Turkish naval engineering terminology.) The investigation revealed that Ihsan Eryavuz had reduced the insurance obligation of the French company (Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet) from 5 million to 1.5 million Turkish liras, and was convicted guilty of fraud, which resulted in the abolition of the Ministry of the Navy on 27 December 1927.Genel Tarihçe
Turkish Navy official site.

Undersecretariat of the Sea

Following the dissolution of the Ministry of the Navy, the naval forces were reorganized under the Ministry of National Defense and on 16 January 1928 the ''Undersecretariat of the Sea'' (''Deniz Müsteşarlığı'') was established in order to undertake the duties of the former Ministry of the Navy.
''Aksiyon'', 4 August 2001.---> With this new reorganization, the Turkish Fleet Command was put under the command of the

Turkish General Staff The General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanlığı'', ''abbreviation: TSK Gnkur. Bşk.lığı'') is the highest staff organization in the Turkish Armed Forces. Chief ...

in terms of administration and logistics. On 2 November 1930, the ''Naval War College'' (''Deniz Harp Akademisi'') commenced training and education of Staff Officers at its facilities in the Yıldız Palace. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the naval schools were temporarily relocated from

Mersin Mersin () is a large city and port on the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast of Mediterranean Region, Turkey, southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates ...

for security reasons and conducted education and training activities in this city. In 1933, with the approval of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, Gölcük was designated as the main base of the Turkish Navy. In the same year, the first new ship built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard, the tanker TCG ''Gölcük'', was laid down; and launched the following year. With the signing of the Montreux Convention in 1936, Turkey's sovereignty over the

was internationally recognized, and ''Fortified Area Commands'' were founded on the

and

Dardanelles The Dardanelles ( ; ; ), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in classical antiquity as the Hellespont ( ; ), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey th ...

straits, with Naval Detachments assigned to these Commands.

Naval Forces Command

The Turkish Naval Forces were represented under the title of the ''Naval Undersecreteriat'' at the Turkish General Staff Headquarters in Ankara from 1928 to 1949. The historic decree of the Higher Military Council on 15 August 1949 led to the foundation of the Turkish Naval Forces Command (''Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı''.) After Turkey joined

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...

on 18 February 1952, the Turkish Naval Forces were integrated into the organizational branches of the alliance.

Structure

In 1961, the Turkish Naval Forces Command was organized into four main subordinate commands: The ''Turkish Fleet Command'', the ''Turkish Northern Sea Area Command'', the ''Turkish Southern Sea Area Command'' and the ''Turkish Naval Training Command''. In 1995, the ''Turkish Naval Training Command'' was renamed as the ''Turkish Naval Training and Education Command.''

Current Structure

* Fleet Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli **Surface Action Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli ***Northern Task Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli ***Western Task Group Command,

Foça Foça is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 251 km2, and its population is 34,946 (2022). The town of Foça is situated at about northwest of İzmir's city center on the Aegean Sea, Aege ...

İzmir İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had ...

***Southern Task Group Command, Aksaz, Muğla **Submarine Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli **Fast Patrol Boat Group Command, İstanbul **Mine Warfare Group Command, Erdek Naval Base,

Balıkesir Balıkesir () is a city in the Marmara Region, Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Balıkesir Province, which is also a Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality. As of 2022, the population of Balıkesir Province ...

**Logistic Support Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli **Naval Aviation Group Command, Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station, Kocaeli ** Gölcük Naval Base Command, Kocaeli ** Gölcük Naval Shipyard Command, Kocaeli **Inventory Control Center Command, Kocaeli **Marine Supply Center Command, Kocaeli **Yıldızlar Surface Training Center, Gölcük, Kocaeli *Northern Sea Area Command, İstanbul ** Istanbul Strait Command, Anadolukavağı, İstanbul ** Çanakkale Strait Command,

Nara The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also task ...

Çanakkale Çanakkale is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District.Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

Area Command, Karadeniz Ereğli,

Zonguldak Zonguldak () is a List of cities in Turkey, city of about 100 thousand people in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Zonguldak Province and Zonguldak District.Underwater Search and Rescue Group Command,

Beykoz Beykoz () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km2, and its population is 247,875 (2022). It lies at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. The name i ...

, İstanbul ***

Rescue Rescue comprises responsive operations that usually involve the saving of life, removal from danger, liberation from restraint, or the urgent treatment of injury, injuries after an incident. It may be facilitated by a range of tools and equipm ...

Group Command *** Underwater Defence Group Command ** Naval

Hydrography Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary ...

and

Oceanography Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of to ...

Division Command, Çubuklu, İstanbul ** Bartın Naval Base Command, Bartın **Naval Museum Command, Beşiktaş, İstanbul ** Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command, Pendik *Southern Sea Area Command,

**Amphibious Task Group Command,

*** Amphibious Marine Brigade Command,

***Amphibious Ships Command,

** Aksaz Naval Base Command, Aksaz Naval Base,

Marmaris Marmaris () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 906 km2, and its population is 97,818 (2022). It is a port city and tourist resort on the Aegean Sea, Mediterranean coast, along the shorel ...

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

Area Command,

** İskenderun Naval Base Command,

İskenderun İskenderun (), historically known as Alexandretta (, ) and Scanderoon, is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 247 km2, and its population is 251,682 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coas ...

Hatay Hatay Province (, ) is the southernmost Provinces of Turkey, province and Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Its area is , and its population is 1,686,043 (2022). It is situated mostly outside Anatolia, ...

Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn con ...

Area Command,

** Foça Naval Base Command,

**Maintenance, Repair and Engineering Command,

*Naval Training and Education Command, İstanbul **Training Flotilla Commodore,

Tuzla Tuzla (, , ) is the List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, third-largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the administrative center of Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 110,979 inha ...

, İstanbul **Karamürselbey Training Center Command,

Karamürsel Karamürsel is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 262 km2, and its population is 59,676 (2022). It is on the south coast of the Gulf of İzmit. Before its conquest by the Ottoman Empire, ...

, Kocaeli **Derince Training Center Command, Derince, Kocaeli

Marines and Special Forces

The Turkish Navy maintains marine,

explosive ordnance disposal Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. ''Bomb disposal'' is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated fu ...

and

special operations Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations ma ...

units such as: * Amphibious Marine Brigade Command – (), (Subordinate to Amphibious Task Group Command) * Underwater Defence Group Command – (), (Subordinate to Rescue and Underwater Command) *

Underwater Offence Group Command The Underwater Offence (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Su Altı Taaruz''), abbreviated SAT, is the Special forces, special operations force of the Turkish Naval Forces. They are affiliated with the Naval Operation Directorate. During wartime, these ...

– (), (Directly Subordinate to Naval Forces Operations Department)

Equipment

Modernisation programmes

The Turkish Navy is currently undergoing several modernisation programmes to replace its ageing equipment. As of 2023, the major modernisation projects are as follows:

Ships & Submarines

MUGEM-class aircraft carrier

On 3 January 2024, the Turkish government approved the plan for the design and construction of a large aircraft carrier, named the ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier. On 15 February 2024, the Design and Projects Office of the Turkish Navy announced that it will be a STOBAR aircraft carrier with an overall length of , beam of , draught of , and displacement of 60,000 tons. It is to have a COGAG propulsion system and a maximum speed of more than . The construction of the first ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier began on 2 January 2025. The first ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier is being built at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard.

Anadolu-class amphibious assault ship / drone carrier / V/STOL aircraft carrier

is a 27,079-tonne

amphibious assault ship An amphibious assault ship is a type of warship employed to land and support ground forces on enemy territory during an armed conflict. The design evolved from aircraft carriers converted for use as helicopter carriers (which, as a result, ar ...

( LHD) and drone carrier of the Turkish Naval Forces that can also be configured as a 24,660-tonne

V/STOL A vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) aircraft is an airplane able to takeoff and landing, take-off or land vertically or on short runways. VTOL, Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft are a subset of V/STOL craft that do ...

aircraft carrier An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and hangar facilities for supporting, arming, deploying and recovering carrier-based aircraft, shipborne aircraft. Typically it is the ...

. Construction began on 30 April 2016 by Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. at their

shipyard. TCG ''Anadolu'' was commissioned with a ceremony on 10 April 2023. The construction of a sister ship, to be named TCG ''Trakya'', is currently being planned by the Turkish Navy. The Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk and the Bell AH-1 SuperCobra are the two main types of helicopters used on TCG ''Anadolu'', with the occasional use of CH-47F Chinook helicopters of the

Turkish Army The Turkish Land Forces () is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for Army, land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the ...

during military exercises and operations. The AH-1W Super Cobras will eventually be complemented and replaced by the TAI T929 ATAK 2. The jet-powered, low-observable drone Bayraktar MIUS Kızılelma and the

MALE Male (Planet symbols, symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or Egg cell, ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot sexual repro ...

UAV Bayraktar TB3 are two UCAVs that are specifically designed and manufactured by Baykar Technologies to be used on TCG ''Anadolu''. The maiden flight of TAI Anka-3 (also part of Project MIUS), a jet-powered, flying wing type UCAV with stealth technology, was successfully completed on 28 December 2023. On 19 November 2024, a Baykar Bayraktar TB3 UCAV successfully took-off from the flight deck of TCG ''Anadolu'' and landed on the ship. It was the first time a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft of this size and class had successfully landed on a short-runway landing helicopter dock, without the use of an arresting gear. TCG ''Anadolu'' has a light cargo garage for TEU containers and 27 Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV);"Turkey signs contract with Navantia-Sedef for the construction of a light aircraft carrier"
Dartmouth Centre for Seapower and Strategy, Plymouth University, 11 May 2015. a dock which can host four Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) or two

Landing Craft Air Cushion The Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) is a class of air-cushioned landing craft (hovercraft) used by the United States Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). They transport weapons systems, equipment, cargo and personnel from s ...

(LCAC), or two Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP); and a garage for heavy loads, which can host 29

main battle tank A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank or simply tank,Ogorkiewicz 2018 p222 is a tank that fills the role of armour-protected direct fire and maneuver in many modern armies. Cold War-era development of more po ...

s (MBT), Amphibious Assault Vehicles, and TEU containers. The ship is protected by the ARAS-2023 diver detection sonar (DDS). She has a crew of 261 personnel: 30 officers, 49 NCOs, 59 leading seamen, and 123 ratings. The ship has a flight deck and a aviation

hangar A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word ''hangar'' comes from Middle French ''hanghart'' ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish ...

which can accommodate either 12 medium-sized helicopters or 8 Boeing CH-47F Chinook heavy-lift helicopters. When the aviation hangar and the light cargo garage are unified, the ship can carry up to 25 medium-sized helicopters. Alternatively, the ship can internally carry up to 10 F-35B

STOVL A short take-off and vertical landing aircraft (STOVL aircraft) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is able to take off from a short runway (or take off vertically if it does not have a heavy payload) and land vertically (i.e. with no runway). The ...

fighter jets and 12 medium-sized helicopters, with the possibility of hosting 6 more helicopters on the flight deck of the ship.

TF-2000-class air defense destroyer

The ''TF-2000''-class destroyer is a projected anti-air warfare guided-missile destroyer currently undergoing development by the Turkish Naval Institute. The class will provide survivability in the presence of aerial threat and also support mission functions such as command, control, and communications,

reconnaissance In military operations, military reconnaissance () or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, the terrain, and civil activities in the area of operations. In military jargon, reconnai ...

early warning An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a Poset, chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, Detection theory, event detection and decision support system, decision subsystems for early identi ...

, surface warfare,

anti-submarine warfare Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in the older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations ar ...

and electronic warfare. Moreover, once in service, the TF-2000s are slated to be an integral part of Türkiye's expeditionary strike groups centered around the TCG ''Anadolu'' LHD and the country's future ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carriers. The construction of the first ''TF-2000''-class destroyer, the first ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier, and the first ''MILDEN''-class submarine began in the same day, on January 2, 2025. The first ''TF-2000''-class destroyer and the first ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier are being built at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, while the first ''MILDEN''-class submarine is being built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard. Large capital vessels like the TCG ''Anadolu'' and the ''MUGEM''-class aircraft carriers require destroyer escorts to defend them against enemy aircraft, ships and submarines, a duty that will be undertaken by the ''TF-2000''-class destroyers. On 5 December 2007, the Defence Industry Executive Committee approved plans to build six ships of this class (4 fixed, 2 optional). In January 2013, it was announced that Türkiye was planning to acquire a total of 8 TF-2000 destroyers, which was confirmed at the International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2021. With the realization of the project, it is intended to improve the anti-air warfare (AAW) capabilities of the Turkish Navy.

İstif-class frigate

The ''İstif''-class frigate programme was launched to construct four frigates to replace the aging ''Yavuz''-class frigates in the mid-2020s. Developed under the MILGEM indigenous warship program, the ''İstif''-class is an enlarged variant of the Ada-class anti-submarine warfare corvette. The ''İstif''-class frigates will have around 50% increased fuel capacity and operational range capability compared to the Ada-class corvettes. The first ''İstif''-class frigate, was launched on 23 January 2021. TCG ''Istanbul'' (F-515) was commissioned on 19 January 2024. The ''İstif''-class frigates use Turkish systems such as the Aselsan CENK 3D multi-beam AESA radar, Roketsan MİDLAS VLS, Sapan SAM, SİPER SAM, and Atmaca SSM.

Barbaros-class frigate modernisation

On 3 April 2018, a contract was signed between the Aselsan– HAVELSAN joint venture and the Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) regarding the mid-life upgrade project of the ''Barbaros''-class frigates. The project includes the integration of new weapons systems, a new combat management system, and new radars and sensors; together with the replacement of the original mast with an integrated mast and various upgrades. All four ships in the class are included in this project. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2025. The first two ''Barbaros''-class vessels (F-244, F-245) have received an 8-cell Mk41 vertical launcher system (VLS) module, which replaced the obsolete Mk.29 Sea Sparrow launcher, while the slightly longer ''Salihreis''-subclass vessels (F-246, F-247) have received a second 8-cell Mk 41 VLS module which brought the total number of cells to 16 (they can store a total of 64 RIM-162 ESSM missiles). Additionally, the old AWS-9 3D air search radars in all four vessels have been replaced by the SMART-S Mk2 3D radars. The mid-life modernisation program also projects to enhance EW capabilities, double the number of anti-ship missiles that the vessels are equipped with, while also replacing the Harpoon missiles by the locally designed and produced Atmaca anti-ship missiles. The project also includes the substitution of the Oerlikon Sea Zenith CIWS systems with one Phalanx CIWS and one Aselsan Gökdeniz CIWS; the replacement of the existing TACTICOS combat management system with the Havelsan "B-SYS Combat Management System", and the installation of a 127mm main gun to the frigates. Finally, against asymmetric threats that the vessels may face, 2x2 L/UMTAS launchers will be integrated to the frigates.

G-class frigate modernisation

The ''G''-class frigates of the Turkish Navy have undergone a major modernisation program which included the retrofitting of a Turkish digital combat management system named GENESIS (''Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi''). The system was designed and implemented jointly by the Turkish Navy and HAVELSAN, a Turkish electronic hardware systems and software company. The GENESIS upgraded ships were delivered between 2007 and 2011. The GENESIS advanced combat management system has the capacity of tracking more than 1,000 tactical targets, thanks to its digital sensor data fusion, automatic threat evaluation, weapon engagement opportunities and

Link-16 Link 16 is a military tactical data link network used by NATO members and other nations, as allowed by the Multifunctional Information Distribution System, MIDS International Program Office (IPO). Its Technical standard, specification is part of ...

/ 22 system integration. The modernisation program also includes the addition of an 8-cell Mk.41 VLS for RIM-162 ESSM, together with the upgrade of the Mk-92

fire control system A fire-control system (FCS) is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer, a Director (military), director and radar, which is designed to assist a ranged weapon system to target, track, and hit a target. It performs th ...

Lockheed Martin The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American Arms industry, defense and aerospace manufacturer with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta on March 15, 1995. It is headquartered in North ...

; the retrofitting of the SMART-S Mk2 3D air search radar which replaced the AN/SPS-49; and the addition of a new long range

sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances ( ranging), communicate with or detect objects o ...

. The Mk.41 vertical launching system (VLS) has been fitted in front of the Mk.13 launcher. TCG ''Gediz'' was the first ship in the class to receive the Mk.41 VLS installation. The ''G''-class frigates of the Turkish Navy were also modified with the ASIST landing platform system at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, so that they can accommodate the S-70B Seahawk helicopter in all types of weather conditions.

Ada-class corvette

The ''Ada''-class corvettes of the Turkish Navy were developed during the first stage of the MILGEM project for the purpose of building a national

corvette A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the sloo ...

with

and high-seas patrol capabilities, while using the principles of low observability in its materials and design.Patrol and Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship (MILGEM- Milli Gemi – National Ship) Project
SSM, Turkey The design concept and mission profile of the ''Ada''-class corvette bears similarities to the of the U.S. Navy. The ''Ada''-class corvettes are more heavily armed and are equipped with more capable radar and sonar systems, while the ''Freedom''-class has a higher speed and variable mission modules.Milgem Class Multimission Corvettes, Turkey
Naval Technology, Retrieved 6 December 2010 All four ships of the series, , , and were built by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard. The construction works of the lead ship, TCG ''Heybeliada'', commenced on 26 July 2005. TCG ''Heybeliada'' was launched on 27 September 2008. On 2 November 2010, ''Heybeliada'' initiated sea acceptance trials in the

. ''Heybeliada'' entered service on 27 September 2011. The cost of constructing TCG ''Heybeliada'' was reportedly around US$260 million. The production of the second ship of the class, , commenced on 27 September 2008. ''Büyükada'' was expected to incorporate weapon systems with notable performance, such as the ASELSAN air-search radar. ''Büyükada'' was launched on 27 September 2011 and underwent sea acceptance trials before it was officially commissioned on 27 September 2013. The construction of commenced on 17 December 2014. The ship was launched in June 2016 and commissioned on 4 November 2018. Turkish Naval Forces Command (TNFC) received its fourth and last ''Ada''-class corvette, TCG ''Kınalıada'' (F-514) on 29 September 2019, in the commissioning ceremony held at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard. On 4 November 2019, the Defense Industries Administration (SSB) of Turkey announced that TCG ''Kınalıada'' successfully test-fired the Atmaca anti-ship cruise missile. GENESIS (''Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi'', i.e., ''Ship Integrated Combat Management System''), a

network-centric warfare Network-centric warfare, also called network-centric operations or net-centric warfare, is a military doctrine or theory of war that aims to translate an information advantage, enabled partly by information technology, into a competitive advantag ...

management system developed by HAVELSAN and initially used in the upgraded ''G''-class frigates of the Turkish Navy, was contracted for the first two corvettes on 23 May 2007. In the last ''Ada''-class corvette, TCG ''Kınalıada'', the ADVENT combat management system (an upgraded version of GENESIS) was installed. TCG ''Burgazada'' will also be retrofitted with the ADVENT combat management system. ''Ada''-class corvettes have a national hull-mounted sonar developed by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. The sonar dome has been developed by STM's subcontractor ONUK-BG Defence Systems, extensively employing nano-enhanced fibre-reinforced polymer. The ''Ada''-class also features the Electronic Chart Precise Integrated Navigation System (ECPINS), supplied by OSI Geospatial. The Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) for controlling machinery, auxiliary systems, power generation and distribution was delivered by STM's subcontractor Yaltes JV. The main systems integrated to IPMS are the power management system, fire detection system,

fire fighting Firefighting is a profession aimed at controlling and extinguishing fire. A person who engages in firefighting is known as a firefighter or fireman. Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training. This involves structural fir ...

system, damage control system, CCTV system and stability control system. TCG ''Ufuk'' (A-591) SIGINT ship and ''Hisar''-class OPVs are variants of the ''Ada''-class corvette that use the same hull and

superstructure A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as buildings, bridges, or ships. Aboard ships and large boats On water craft, the superstruct ...

design but feature different types of systems, armament and equipment.

Preveze-class submarine modernisation

The Half-life Modernisation Project of the ''Preveze''-class submarines covered the modernisation of TCG ''Preveze'' (S-353), TCG ''Sakarya'' (S-354), TCG ''18 Mart'' (S-355) and TCG ''Anafartalar'' (S-356) in the inventory of the Turkish Naval Forces Command. The modernisation activities were carried out by the STM-ASELSAN-HAVELSAN-ASFAT partnership. The Inertial Navigation System, Salinity-Depth-Density Measurement System, Floating Antenna, Satellite Communication Mast, Assault and Navigation Periscope System, Emergency Underwater Communication System, Cooled Water System, Static Converter and Air Freshening System of the ''Preveze''-class submarines were modernised by STM.

Reis-class submarine

The ''Reis''-class submarines are the first submarines in the Turkish Naval Forces with

air-independent propulsion Air-independent propulsion (AIP), or air-independent power, is any marine propulsion technology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel). AIP can augment or replace th ...

(AIP), which is made possible by fuel cell technology. The submarines can also deploy heavyweight torpedoes and anti-ship missiles, and lay mines against targets, both at sea and on land. Apart from ''Piri Reis'', five more submarines of the project are expected to be commissioned by 2027. The sea trials of the first submarine of the class, ''Piri Reis'', began on 6 December 2022. TCG ''Piri Reis'' (S-330) was commissioned on 24 August 2024. The outfitting of the project's second submarine ''Hızır Reis'' and the hull production phases of two other vessels are ongoing. In 2015, Gölcük Naval Shipyard commenced a 10-year programme to build six Type 214 submarines, locally known as the ''Reis''-class submarines, with technology from Thyssen-Krupp Marine Systems of Germany.

MILDEN-class submarine

The MILDEN project ( Turkish: ''Milli Denizaltı Projesi''; English: "National Submarine Project") is a multi-year military design and procurement project to develop indigenous air-independent power

attack submarine An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet Navy, Soviet and Russian Navy, Russian navies ...

s, intended to be commissioned into the Turkish Naval Forces in the 2030s. The first MILDEN class submarine is being designed and built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard, where the concept design was completed in 2022, and the preliminary design phase, in which the main and auxiliary systems will be elaborated in detail, began in September 2022. MILDEN is a diesel-electric submarine of approximately 2,700 tonnes displacement, and over in length. The construction of the first ''MILDEN''-class submarine started on January 2, 2025.

Aircraft, UAVs & UCAVs

Bayraktar TB3 UCAV

Bayraktar TB3 on the runway of TCG Anadolu - 2

In February 2021, chairman of the Presidency of Defense Industries (SSB) Ismail Demir made public a new type of UAV being developed by Baykar that is planned to be stationed to Turkey's first drone-carrying

, TCG Anadolu. The new aircraft being developed is a naval version of the Bayraktar TB2 equipped with a local engine developed by TEI. According to the initial plans the ship was expected to be equipped with F-35B fighter jets but following the removal of Turkey from the procurement program, the vessel got into a modification process to be able to accommodate UAVs. Mr. Demir stated that between 30 and 50 folding-winged Bayraktar TB3 UAVs will be able to land and take off using the deck of Anadolu. On November 19, 2024, a Baykar Bayraktar TB3 UCAV successfully took-off from the flight deck of TCG ''Anadolu'' and landed on the ship. It was the first time a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft of this size and class had successfully landed on a short-runway landing helicopter dock, without the use of an arresting gear.

Baykar MIUS Kızılelma UCAV

Developed for the Turkish Navy and Turkish Air Force as part of Project MIUS, the jet-powered Bayraktar Kızılelma UCAV is designed to operate on TCG ''Anadolu''. Its maiden flight took place on 14 December 2022.

USVs

ULAQ

ULAQ is the first indigenous and locally developed Armed Unmanned Surface Vehicle (AUSV). The vehicle is being developed by a joint venture between Ares Shipyard and METEKSAN. The vessel is planned to be equipped with four Cirit and two L-UMTAS

anti-tank missile An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a missile guidance, guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy armoured fighting vehicle, heavily armored military v ...

systems provided by Roketsan. Moreover, ULAQ is projected to have a 400-kilometer-long cruising range with 65 km per hour maximum speed. The vessel is planned to be operated in missions such as reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence, surface warfare, asymmetric warfare, armed escort and force protection, and strategic facility security. Currently, the project is undergoing sea trials and will start to fire tests through the third quarter of 2021. The first firing test of the vessel was completed on 26 May 2021 by destroying a designated target with the Roketsan Cirit missile.

TCB Marlin

With a ceremony held on 9 January 2024, she entered service in the Turkish Naval Forces as the first UCSV (unmanned combat surface vessel) with the hull number TCB-1101 and name ''Marlin'' SİDA.

Istanbul Naval Museum

The Istanbul Naval Museum is located in the Beşiktaş district of

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. It was established in 1897 by the Ottoman Minister of the Navy (''Bahriye Nazırı'') Bozcaadalı Hasan Hüsnü Pasha. The museum contains an important collection of military artifacts pertaining to the

. In the maritime field, it is Turkey's largest museum, with a great variety of collections. Around 20,000 pieces are present in its collection, including the late 16th or early 17th century

galley A galley is a type of ship optimised for propulsion by oars. Galleys were historically used for naval warfare, warfare, Maritime transport, trade, and piracy mostly in the seas surrounding Europe. It developed in the Mediterranean world during ...

known as '' Tarihi Kadırga'', built in the period between the reigns of Sultan

Murad III Murad III (; ; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavid Iran, Safavids. The long-inde ...

(1574–1595) and Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687), as evidenced by AMS radiocarbon dating and dendrochronological research. She is the only surviving original galley in the world, and has the world's oldest continuously maintained wooden hull. Being connected to the Turkish Naval Forces Command, it is also the country's first military museum. In the early 21st century a new exhibition building was constructed. The construction began in 2008, and the building was reopened on 4 October 2013. It has two floors above ground level and one basement floor, all covering . The basement consists of diverse items like

figurehead In politics, a figurehead is a practice of who ''de jure'' (in name or by law) appears to hold an important and often supremely powerful title or office, yet '' de facto'' (in reality) exercises little to no actual power. This usually means that ...

s, ornaments of naval ships, ship models, and pieces of the

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

chain that was used for blocking the entrance of the Golden Horn during the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453. In the first and second floors, a large number of imperial and other caïques are exhibited. Many exhibition items underwent special restoration and conservation works due to deformation of the raw materials caused by heat, light, humidity, atmospheric conditions, vandalism and other factors.

Insignia

* Non-Turkish speakers might like to know that OF3, OF2, and OR2 literally translates as "Head of 1000", "Head of 100", and "Head of 10", respectively.

Gallery

File:ONI JAN 1 Uniforms and Insignia Page 123 Turkish Navy WW2 Commissioned officers August 1943 Field recognition. US public doc. No known copyright.jpg, Uniforms and Insignia of the Turkish Navy during the Second World War - CO. File:ONI JAN 1 Uniforms and Insignia Page 125 Turkish Navy WW2 Petty officers and seamen August 1943 Field recognition. US public doc. No known copyright.jpg, Uniforms and Insignia of the Turkish Navy during the Second World War - NCO. File:Turkish Navy soldiers.jpg, Officers and seamen of the Turkish Navy on April 10, 2002. File:John Reith Turkish Cpt.JPG, British Gen. Sir John Reith and German Gen. Ranier Shuwirth receiving an operations brief by Turkish Naval Capt. Cengiz Ekin on May 3, 2007. File:Tag des Sieges 2.JPG, Navy Honor Guard during the Victory Day celebrations on August 30, 2007. File:Turkish sailors in Phoenix Express 2009.jpg, Turkish

SAT The SAT ( ) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name and Test score, scoring have changed several times. For much of its history, it was called the Scholastic Aptitude Test ...

commandos perform fast-rope exercises from a U.S. Navy MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter during exercise Phoenix Express 2009. File:Turkish boarding teams practice tactical movements aboard the frigate TCG Gokceada (F-494), exercise Phoenix Express 2017, Cartagena, Spain, May 11, 2017.jpg, Turkish boarding teams practice tactical movements aboard TCG ''Gökçeada'' (F-494) during exercise Phoenix Express 2017. File:Sea Breeze 24-2 Fleet Commanders' Conference (8637479).jpg, Turkish Navy and U.S. Navy officers during exercise Sea Breeze 2024. File:Senior leaders of the USS Wasp Amphibious Ready Group are given a tour by senior leaders of TCG Anadolu (3).jpg, Senior officers of the USS ''Wasp'' (LHD-1) Amphibious Ready Group are hosted by the senior officers of TCG ''Anadolu'' (L-400) on August 15, 2024. File:Turkish sailors simulate refueling an MV-22B Osprey on TCG Anadolu’s flight deck.jpg, Turkish Navy sailors assigned to TCG ''Anadolu'' (L-400) simulate refueling an MV-22B Osprey of the U.S. Navy on ''Anadolu''’s flight deck, August 15, 2024.

Notes

References

External links

Turkish Navy
– Official website
Turkish Naval Museum
– Official website

* ttp://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Sayfalar/default.aspx Undersecretariat for Defence Industries {{Black Sea Naval Co-operation Task Group (BLACKSEAFOR) Military units and formations established in 1920 he:היסטוריה של הצי העות'מאני