The Tupolev Tu-110 (
NATO reporting name
NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providi ...
: Cooker) was a jet
airliner
An airliner is a type of airplane for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. The modern and most common variant of the airliner is a long, tube shaped, and jet powered aircraft. The largest ...
designed and built in the
USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
, that had its maiden flight in 1957. It was a four-engined development of the Tu-104, but only four were built and it never saw airline service.
Design and development
Realising that the export potential for the
Tupolev Tu-104
The Tupolev Tu-104 (NATO reporting name: Camel) is a medium-range, narrow-body, twin turbojet-powered Soviet airliner. It was the second to enter regular service, after the British de Havilland Comet and was the only jetliner operating in the wo ...
was limited, the Council of Ministers issued directive No. 1511–846 on 12 August 1956, requiring the Tupolev Design Bureau to develop a four-engined version of the Tu-104, to enable the aircraft to safely cross large expanses of ocean, and improve safety on takeoff in case of engine failure.
The Tu-110 was a major redesign of the Tu-104, powered by four
Lyulka AL-7
The Lyulka AL-7 was a turbojet designed by Arkhip Mikhailovich Lyulka and produced by his Lyulka design bureau. The engine was produced between 1954 and 1970.Gunston 1989, p.100.
Design and development
The AL-7 had supersonic airflow through th ...
turbojets rated at 5,500
kgf
KGF or kgf may refer to:
*Keratinocyte growth factor
* King George's Fields, UK, recreation grounds
* Kolar Gold Fields, region of gold mines in Karnatka, India
** Kolar Gold Field (Vidhan Sabha constituency), state assembly constituency
** KGF S ...
(53.9
kN; 12,100
lbf) thrust each, with two staggered engines in the root of each extended centre-section. The first prototype was flown on 11 March 1957.
Production of the Tu-110 was authorised at the
Kazan Aircraft Factory, with an initial order for ten aircraft, but only three aircraft were completed before the programme was terminated. The production aircraft featured extended-chord wings and enlarged baggage holds, as well as seating for up to 100 passengers in an all-tourist class seating arrangement.
All four aircraft were converted to Tu-110Bs with
Soloviev D-20 turbofan engines, in an attempt to improve the performance of the aircraft, but to no avail. No further orders were forthcoming and the four Tu-110Bs were used for experimental work on avionics, missile systems and boundary layer control systems, remaining active into the 1970s.
Variants
Data from ''Tupolev Tu-104''
[Gordon and Rigmant 2007]
* Tu-110 – The sole prototype of the Tu-110 (CCCP-L5600).
* Tu-110A – Production aircraft with doubled seating capacity (all economy class), increased capacity baggage holds, increased area flaps and increased MTOW of 87,200 kg (182,320 lb). Three aircraft were built (CCCP-L5511 – L5513)
* Tu-110B – Experimental medium-haul versions converted from the prototype and three production aircraft, fitted with four Soloviev D-20 turbofan engines.
* Tu-110L – The prototype aircraft modified with
boundary layer control
In engineering, boundary layer control refers to methods of controlling the behaviour of fluid flow boundary layers.
It may be desirable to reduce flow separation on fast vehicles to reduce the size of the wake (streamlining), which may reduce ...
supplied with bleed air from the D-20 turbofan engines.
* Tu-110D – A projected medium-haul airliner with four D-20 engines in paired nacelles on either side of the rear fuselage,
* Tu-117 – A projected military transport version with a rear fuselage loading ramp and defensive tail turret.
Specifications (Tu-110 1st prototype)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
* Gordon, Yefim and Vladimir Rigmant. ''Tupolev Tu-104''. Hinkley, UK: Midland, 2007. .
* Gunston, Bill. ''The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875– 1995''. London: Osprey, 1995. .
* Stroud, John. ''Soviet Transport Aircraft since 1945. London: Putnam, 1968. .
External links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170104235506/http://www.oldwings.nl/st/tu104_107_110_114_116_124_126_134.pdf
{{Tupolev aircraft
Tu-0110
1950s Soviet airliners
Quadjets
Low-wing aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Aircraft first flown in 1957
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear