The Tubulinea are a major grouping of
Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported c ...
, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like ''
Amoeba
An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; plural ''am(o)ebas'' or ''am(o)ebae'' ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudo ...
'', ''
Arcella'', ''
Difflugia'' and ''
Hartmannella''.
Characteristics
During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of
cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. ...
, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.
Classification
This class was anticipated by some biologists like Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together, but most split the lobose amoebae into testate
Testacealobosia and naked
Gymnamoebia. These latter are
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...
, but molecular trees by Bolivar ''et al.'' identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Lobosea ''sensu stricto'' or Tubulinea.
Taxonomy
Class Tubulinea
Smirnov et al. 2005 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
* Subclass
Corycidia Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
** Order
Trichosida Moebius 1889
*** Family
Trichosphaeriidae Sheehan & Banner 1973a
*** Family
Microcoryciidae de Saedeleer 1934
* Subclass
Echinamoebia Cavalier-Smith 2016 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
** Order
Echinamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
*** Family Vermamoebidae
Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
*** Family
Echinamoebidae Page 1975
* Subclass
Elardia Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
** Superorder
Leptomyxia Cavalier-Smith 2016
*** Order
Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
**** Family
Flabellulidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967 ex Bovee 1970
**** Family
Gephyramoebidae Pussard & Pons 1976
**** Family
Leptomyxidae Goodey 1915
** Superorder
Eulobosia Cavalier-Smith 2016
*** Order
Euamoebida Lepşi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
**** Family
Nolandellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011
**** Family
Hartmannellidae Singh 1951 em. Smirnov et al. 2011
**** Family
Amoebidae (Ehrenberg 1838) Page 1987
*** Order
Arcellinida Kent 1880
**** Family
Bipseudostomatidae Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
**** Family
Mississippiellidae Huddleston & Haman 1985
**** Family
Shamkiriidae Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
**** Suborder
Phryganellina
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
Bovee 1985
***** Family
Phryganellidae Jung 1942
***** Family
Cryptodifflugiidae
Cryptodifflugiidae is a family of arcellinid testate amoebae. Description
Members of this family are conopodous (with conical pseudopods) amoebae with the body in a clear, usually firm, vase-shaped test, and conical pseudopods for locomotion ...
Jung 1942
**** Suborder
Organoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
***** Family
Microchlamyiidae
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
Ogden 1985
**** Suborder
Glutinoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
***** Infraorder
Volnustoma Kosakyan et al. 2016
****** Family
Heleoperidae Jung 1942
***** Infraorder
Hyalospheniformis Kosakyan et al. 2016
****** Family
Hyalospheniidae Jung, 1942 ebelidae Taranek 1882***** Infraorder
Excentrostoma Kosakyan et al. 2016
****** Family
Centropyxidae
Centropyxidae is a family of Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional ...
****** Family
Plagiopyxidae
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
***** Infraorder
Longithecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
****** Family
Lesquereusiidae
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
araquadrulidae Deflandre 1953****** Family
Difflugiidae Wallich 1864
***** Infraorder
Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
****** Family
Cucurbitellidae Gomaa et al. 2017
****** Family
Distomatopyxidae
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
Bonnet 1970
****** Family
Lamtopyxidae
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...
Bonnet 1974
****** Family
Netzeliidae Kosakyan et al. 2016 yclopyxidae Schönborn 1989****** Family
Arcellidae Ehrenberg 1832
****** Family
Trigonopyxidae Loeblich 1964
File:Amoeba proteus.jpg, '' Amoeba proteus''
File:Chaos carolinense.jpg, '' Chaos'' sp.
File:Arcella sp.jpg, '' Arcella'' sp. test
File:FMIB 40813 Trichosphaerium sieboldi.jpeg, ''Trichosphaerium sieboldi''
References
Amoebozoa classes
{{Amoebozoa-stub