
During 2023,
tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
s formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as
tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
. They were named by various weather agencies when they attained
maximum sustained winds
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common
indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
of . Throughout the year, a total of 115 systems formed, with 79 of them being named. The most intense storm this year was
Typhoon Mawar
Typhoon Mawar, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Betty, was one of the strongest Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclones on record in the month of May, and the strongest tropical cyclone Tropical cyclones in 2023, worldwide in 2023. The ...
, which had a minimum pressure of . The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was
Storm Daniel
Storm Daniel, also known as Cyclone Daniel, was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that became the deadliest Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in recorded history, as well as one of the costliest tropical cyclones on record outside of the North ...
, which killed at least 5,591 people in Libya, Greece, Turkey, and Bulgaria. Meanwhile, the costliest tropical cyclone was
Typhoon Doksuri
Typhoon Doksuri, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Egay, was a powerful and highly destructive tropical cyclone which became the costliest typhoon to hit China, the costliest tropical cyclone outside of the Atlantic hurricane, North Atl ...
which caused at least $28.4 billion (USD) worth of damage in China, the Philippines and Taiwan, becoming the costliest on record outside the Atlantic Ocean basin. Among this year's systems, thirty became
major tropical cyclones, of which nine intensified into
Category 5 tropical cyclones on the
Saffir–Simpson scale
The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) is a tropical cyclone intensity scale that classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical sto ...
(SSHWS), the most since
2018
Events January
* January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency.
* January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...
. The
accumulated cyclone energy
Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a metric used to compare overall activity of tropical cyclones, utilizing the available records of windspeeds at six-hour intervals to synthesize storm duration and strength into a single index value. The ACE ...
(ACE) index for the 2023 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU) was 857.4 units, which was above the 1991–2020 mean of 770.2 units.
The most active basin in the year was the
North Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
, which had 20 named systems. The
Eastern Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
had an above-average and destructive season, with 17 named storms forming; 10 of those became hurricanes, of which 8 strengthened into major hurricanes – double the seasonal average. The Western Pacific Ocean had a total of 17 named storms, making it the second least active season in the basin, tying with
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
. The
North Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it ...
was unusually active, with six named storms forming, producing the second-most
accumulated cyclone energy
Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a metric used to compare overall activity of tropical cyclones, utilizing the available records of windspeeds at six-hour intervals to synthesize storm duration and strength into a single index value. The ACE ...
in this basin on record, only behind
2019
This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year.
Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins (South-West Indian, Australian, and South Pacific) was fairly significant, with the regions recording 17 named storms altogether, with the most intense Southern Hemisphere cyclone of the year,
Cyclone Kevin
Severe Tropical Cyclones Judy and Kevin were a pair of intense tropical cyclones that made landfall on the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu within 48 hours of each other in March 2023. They were the fourth and fifth named storms of the 2022–2 ...
in the South Pacific basin, peaking with a central pressure of 913 hPa (26.96 inHg).
Tropical cyclones were primarily monitored by ten warning centers across the world, which are designated as a
Regional Specialized Meteorological Center
A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as ...
(RSMC) or a
Tropical Cyclone Warning Center
A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as ...
(TCWC) by the
World Meteorological Organization
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology an ...
(WMO). These ten centers are the
National Hurricane Center
The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
(NHC) and the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center
The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central Pacif ...
(CPHC),
Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA),
Indian Meteorological Department
India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an Indian agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. IMD is headquart ...
(IMD),
Météo-France
Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
(MFR), Indonesia's
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.
History
Its history began on 1841 with individual observation conducted by ...
(BMKG), the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Government of Australia, Australian Government that is responsible for providing Weather forecasting, weather forecasts and Meteorology, meteorological services to Australia a ...
(BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service (PNGNWS), the
Fiji Meteorological Service
The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based on the grounds of Nadi Airport in Nadi. The current director of Fiji Meteorological Service is Misaeli Funak ...
(FMS), and New Zealand's
MetService
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited, or simply MetService (), is the national meteorological service of New Zealand. MetService was established as a state-owned enterprise in 1992. It employs about 300 staff, and its headquarters are ...
. Unofficial, but still notable, warning centres include the
(PAGASA), the United States's
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC), and the
Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center
The Brazilian Navy () is the naval service branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, responsible for conducting naval operations.
The navy was involved in Brazil's war of independence from Portugal. Most of Portugal's naval forces and bases in So ...
.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
On February 9, the NOAA made a new ENSO forecast stating that the La Niña is still ongoing but will transition into an ENSO-Neutral soon. It says that there is around a 5% chance that the La Niña persists throughout March and around a 95% chance of an ENSO-Neutral in March. NOAA announced an El Nino later in the year.
Summary
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from:20/12/2022 till:08/01/2023 color:AUSR text:"Ellie"
from:05/01/2023 till:07/01/2023 color:SPAC text:"03F"
from:06/01/2023 till:08/01/2023 color:AUSR
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from:07/01/2023 till:08/01/2023 color:SPAC text:"Hale"
from:07/01/2023 till:10/01/2023 color:SATL text:"SD"
from:14/01/2023 till:15/01/2023 color:SPAC
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from:17/01/2023 till:20/01/2023 color:SPAC text:"Irene"
from:16/01/2023 till:17/01/2023 color:NATL text:"Unnamed"
from:16/01/2023 till:29/01/2023 color:SWIO text:" Cheneso"
from:18/01/2023 till:20/01/2023 color:AUSR
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from:20/01/2023 till:22/01/2023 color:SPAC text: "06F"
from:21/01/2023 till:22/01/2023 color:MED text: "Hannelore"
from:22/01/2023 till:26/01/2023 color:AUSR text: "10U"
from:27/01/2023 till:09/02/2023 color:AUSR text:
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from:09/02/2023 till:15/02/2023 color:SWIO text: "Dingani"
from:30/01/2023 till:03/02/2023 color:NIO text:"BOB 01"
from:31/01/2023 till:05/02/2023 color:AUSR text:"12U"
from:04/02/2023 till:14/02/2023 color:AUSR text:
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from:14/02/2023 till:14/03/2023 color:SWIO text:" Freddy"
from:05/02/2023 till:10/02/2023 color:AUSR
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from:10/02/2023 till:11/02/2023 color:SPAC text:" Gabrielle"
from:11/02/2023 till:17/02/2023 Color:AUSR text:"15U"
from:17/02/2023 till:18/02/2023 Color:AUSR text:"TL"
from:21/02/2023 till:28/02/2023 color:SWIO text:"Enala"
from:23/02/2023 till:04/03/2023 color:SPAC text:" Judy"
barset:break
from:23/02/2023 till:10/03/2023 Color:AUSR text:"16U"
from:24/02/2023 till:27/02/2023 Color:AUSR text:"17U"
from:27/02/2023 till:01/03/2023 color:AUSR
barset:break
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from:01/03/2023 till:06/03/2023 color:SPAC text:"Kevin
Kevin is the anglicized form of the Irish masculine given name (; ; ; Latinized as ). It is composed of "dear; noble"; Old Irish and ("birth"; Old Irish ).
The variant ''Kevan'' is anglicised from , an Irish diminutive form.''A Dictiona ...
"
from:04/03/2023 till:07/03/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:07/03/2023 till:20/03/2023 color:SPAC text:" Yaku"
from:08/03/2023 till:13/03/2023 color:SPAC text:"10F"
from:11/03/2023 till:23/03/2023 color:SPAC text:"11F"
from:11/03/2023 till:21/03/2023 color:SPAC text:"12F"
from:25/03/2023 till:31/03/2023 color:AUSR text:"20U"
from:25/03/2023 till:28/03/2023 color:SWIO text:"09"
from:28/03/2023 till:05/04/2023 color:AUSR text:"Herman"
from:30/03/2023 till:04/04/2023 color:AUSR text:"22U"
from:05/04/2023 till:16/04/2023 color:AUSR text:" Ilsa"
from:10/04/2023 till:13/04/2023 color:WPAC text:"Amang"
from:14/04/2023 till:15/04/2023 color:AUSR text:
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from:15/04/2023 till:18/04/2023 color:SPAC text:"13F"
from:19/04/2023 till:22/04/2023 color:WPAC text:"Sanvu"
from:30/04/2023 till:02/05/2023 color:AUSR text:"TL"
from:05/05/2023 till:07/05/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:09/05/2023 till:15/05/2023 color:NIO text:"Mocha
Mocha may refer to:
Places
* Mokha, a city in Yemen
* Mocha Island, an island in Biobío Region, Chile
* Mocha, Chile, a town in Chile
* Mocha, Ecuador, a city in Ecuador
* Mocha Canton, a government subdivision in Ecuador
* Mocha, a segmen ...
"
barset:break
from:12/05/2023 till:21/05/2023 color:SWIO text:"Fabien"
from:19/05/2023 till:03/06/2023 color:WPAC text:" Mawar"
from:01/06/2023 till:03/06/2023 color:NATL text:"Arlene"
from:05/06/2023 till:12/06/2023 color:WPAC text:"Guchol"
from:06/06/2023 till:19/06/2023 color:NIO text:" Biparjoy"
from:07/06/2023 till:11/06/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:09/06/2023 till:10/06/2023 color:NIO text:"03B"
from:19/06/2023 till:24/06/2023 color:NATL text:" Bret"
from:22/06/2023 till:26/06/2023 color:NATL text:"Cindy"
from:27/06/2023 till:02/07/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Adrian"
from:29/06/2023 till:01/07/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Beatriz
Beatriz (, ) is a Spanish, Galician and Portuguese female first name. It corresponds to the Latin name Beatrix and the English and Italian name Beatrice. The name in Latin means 'brings joy' and in other languages also means 'she who brings oth ...
"
from:11/07/2023 till:19/07/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Calvin"
from:13/07/2023 till:18/07/2023 color:WPAC text:" Talim"
from:14/07/2023 till:24/07/2023 color:NATL text:"Don"
from:20/07/2023 till:30/07/2023 color:WPAC text:" Doksuri"
from:21/07/2023 till:22/07/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Four-E"
from:26/07/2023 till:10/08/2023 color:WPAC text:" Khanun"
from:31/07/2023 till:03/08/2023 color:NIO text:"BOB 03"
from:31/07/2023 till:12/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC
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from:12/08/2023 till:21/08/2023 color:WPAC text:" Dora"
barset:break
from:03/08/2023 till:05/08/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:05/08/2023 till:07/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Eugene"
from:07/08/2023 till:17/08/2023 color:WPAC text:"Lan
Lan or LAN may refer to:
Science and technology
* Local asymptotic normality, a fundamental property of regular models in statistics
* Longitude of the ascending node, one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space
* ...
"
from:12/08/2023 till:17/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Fernanda"
from:14/08/2023 till:18/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Greg"
from:16/08/2023 till:21/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:" Hilary"
from:19/08/2023 till:22/08/2023 color:NATL text:
barset:break
barset:skip
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from:01/09/2023 till:04/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Gert"
from:19/08/2023 till:20/08/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:20/08/2023 till:21/08/2023 color:NATL text:"Emily"
from:20/08/2023 till:01/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Franklin
Franklin may refer to:
People and characters
* Franklin (given name), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (surname), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (class), a member of a historic ...
"
from:21/08/2023 till:29/08/2023 color:WPAC text:"Damrey"
from:21/08/2023 till:23/08/2023 color:NATL text:" Harold"
from:22/08/2023 till:03/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"Saola
The saola (''Pseudoryx nghetinhensis''), also called spindlehorn, Asian unicorn, or infrequently, Vu Quang bovid, is a forest-dwelling bovid native to the Annamite Range in Vietnam and Laos. It was described in 1993 following a discovery of ...
"
from:26/08/2023 till:31/08/2023 color:NATL text:" Idalia"
from:27/08/2023 till:06/09/2023 color:WPAC text:" Haikui"
from:27/08/2023 till:29/08/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Irwin"
from:29/08/2023 till:06/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"Kirogi"
from:29/08/2023 till:02/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Jose"
from:01/09/2023 till:04/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Katia"
barset:break
from:03/09/2023 till:04/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:04/09/2023 till:06/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:04/09/2023 till:09/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"Yun-yeung"
from:04/09/2023 till:10/09/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:" Jova"
from:05/09/2023 till:16/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Lee
Lee may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Lee'' (2007 film), Tamil-language sports action film
* ''Lee'' (2017 film), Kannada-language action film
* ''Lee'' (2023 film), biographical drama about Lee Miller, American photojournalist
* ''L ...
"
from:07/09/2023 till:17/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Margot"
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from:09/09/2023 till:12/09/2023 color:MED text:"Daniel
Daniel commonly refers to:
* Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname
* List of people named Daniel
* List of people with surname Daniel
* Daniel (biblical figure)
* Book of Daniel, a biblical apocalypse, "an account of the acti ...
"
from:10/09/2023 till:14/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:12/09/2023 till:12/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"TD"
from:15/09/2023 till:22/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Nigel"
from:15/09/2023 till:17/09/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Twelve-E"
from:19/09/2023 till:22/09/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Kenneth"
from:22/09/2023 till:24/09/2023 color:NATL text:"Ophelia
Ophelia () is a character in William Shakespeare's drama ''Hamlet'' (1599–1601). She is a young noblewoman of Denmark, the daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes and potential wife of Prince Hamlet. Due to Hamlet's actions, Ophelia ultima ...
"
from:23/09/2023 till:06/10/2023 color:NATL text:"Philippe Philippe is a masculine given name, cognate to Philip, and sometimes also a surname. The name may refer to:
* Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present)
* Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer
* Prince ...
"
from:23/09/2023 till:25/09/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Fourteen-E"
from:24/09/2023 till:27/09/2023 color:WPAC text:"13W"
from:28/09/2023 till:02/10/2023 color:NATL text:"Rina"
from:28/09/2023 till:09/10/2023 color:WPAC text:" Koinu"
barset:break
from:30/09/2023 till:01/10/2023 color:NIO text:"ARB 02"
from:03/10/2023 till:11/10/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:" Lidia"
from:06/10/2023 till:14/10/2023 color:WPAC text:" Bolaven"
from:08/10/2023 till:10/10/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Max
Max or MAX may refer to:
Animals
* Max (American dog) (1983–2013), at one time purported to be the world's oldest living dog
* Max (British dog), the first pet dog to win the PDSA Order of Merit (animal equivalent of the OBE)
* Max (gorilla) ...
"
from:11/10/2023 till:16/10/2023 color:NATL text:"Sean"
from:17/10/2023 till:20/10/2023 color:WPAC text:"Sanba"
from:17/10/2023 till:23/10/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Norma Norma may refer to:
* Norma (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name)
** Norma Lizbeth Ramos, a Mexican bullying victim
Astronomy
*Norma (constellation)
* 555 Norma, a minor asteroid
* Cygnus Arm or Norma Arm, a spiral ...
"
from:18/10/2023 till:29/10/2023 color:NATL text:" Tammy"
from:19/10/2023 till:26/10/2023 color:SPAC text: "Lola
Lola may refer to:
Places
* Lolá, a or subdistrict of Panama
* Lola Township, Cherokee County, Kansas, United States
* Lola Prefecture, Guinea
* Lola, Guinea, a town in Lola Prefecture
* Lola Island, in the Solomon Islands
People
* Lol ...
"
from:20/10/2023 till:24/10/2023 color:NIO text:" Tej"
from:21/10/2023 till:25/10/2023 color:NIO text:" Hamoon"
from:22/10/2023 till:25/10/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:" Otis"
from:23/10/2023 till:24/10/2023 color:NATL text:"Twenty-One"
from:28/10/2023 till:06/11/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:" Pilar"
from:10/11/2023 till:15/11/2023 color:SPAC text:"Mal"
from:12/11/2023 till:17/11/2023 color:WPAC text:"17W"
from:14/11/2023 till:18/11/2023 color:NIO text:" Midhili"
from:23/11/2023 till:26/11/2023 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Ramon"
from:01/12/2023 till:06/12/2023 color:NIO text:" Michaung"
barset:break
from:02/12/2023 till:04/12/2023 color:SPAC text:
barset:break
from:04/12/2023 till:13/12/2023 color:AUSR text:"Jasper
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, is an opaque, impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to ...
"
from:15/12/2023 till:18/12/2023 color:WPAC text:"Jelawat"
from:30/12/2023 till:03/01/2024 color:SWIO text:" Alvaro"
bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:20/12/2022 till:31/12/2022 text:Dec. '22
from:01/01/2023 till:31/01/2023 text:January
from:01/02/2023 till:28/02/2023 text:February
from:01/03/2023 till:31/03/2023 text:March
from:01/04/2023 till:30/04/2023 text:April
from:01/05/2023 till:31/05/2023 text:May
from:01/06/2023 till:30/06/2023 text:June
from:01/07/2023 till:31/07/2023 text:July
from:01/08/2023 till:31/08/2023 text:August
from:01/09/2023 till:30/09/2023 text:September
from:01/10/2023 till:31/10/2023 text:October
from:01/11/2023 till:30/11/2023 text:November
from:01/12/2023 till:31/12/2023 text:December
from:01/01/2024 till:15/01/2024 text:Jan. '24
TextData =
pos:(690,30)
text:"This table is based on the"
pos:(810,30)
text:"tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
"
North Atlantic Ocean

The season was the fourth-most active
Atlantic hurricane season
The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year, from June 1 through November 30, when Tropical cyclone, tropical or subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the North Atlantic Ocean. These dates, adopted by convention ...
on record with 20
named storms, tied with
1933
Events
January
* January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
* January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independen ...
.
Among them, 7 became hurricanes, with 3 reaching major hurricane strength. The season also had an abovenormal
accumulated cyclone energy
Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a metric used to compare overall activity of tropical cyclones, utilizing the available records of windspeeds at six-hour intervals to synthesize storm duration and strength into a single index value. The ACE ...
(ACE) rating of 146, despite the presence of
El Niño
EL, El or el may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional entities
* El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit
* Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things''
* El, fami ...
, which typically results in less activity, and had the most storms for an El Niño year on record, largely due to record-warm
sea surface temperatures
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
across the Atlantic.
The season officially began on June 1, 2023, and ended November 30. Nontherless, it unexpectedly commenced on January 16, when an unnamed
subtropical storm
A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones.
As early as the 1950s, meteorologists were uncertain whether they should be characterized as tropical or extratropical cyclones ...
formed off the
northeastern U.S. coast then moved over
Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (), is the list of regions of Canada, region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landma ...
. Operationally, the NHC considered the storm to be
non-tropical, with minimal likelihood of transitioning into a subtropical or tropical cyclone, however a post-storm evaluation of the system to determine its proper classification was conducted by a team of forecasters from the NHC and
Ocean Prediction Center
The Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), established in 1995, is one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP's) original six service centers. Until 2003, the name of the organization was the Marine Prediction Center.Ocean Predictio ...
(OPC). As a result, it was re-designated as subtropical prior to the official start of the season. Tropical Storm Arlene began as a tropical depression on June 1, in the
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico () is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southw ...
, and became the season's first
named storm
Tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones are named by various warning centers to simplify communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches and warnings. The names are intended to reduce confusion in the ...
on June 2. Later that month, when Tropical Storm Bret and Tropical Storm Cindy formed, there were two Atlantic tropical cyclones active simultaneously in June for the first time since
1968
Events January–February
* January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously.
* January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
. The two developed in the
Main Development Region (MDR) from successive
tropical wave
A tropical wave (also called easterly wave, tropical easterly wave, and African easterly wave), in and around the Atlantic Ocean, is a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which ...
s coming off the coast of West Africa.
Their formation also marked the first time on record that two tropical storms have formed in the MDR during the month of June.
Next, Subtropical Storm Don formed over the central Atlantic on July 14. A long-lived storm, it later became fully tropical and strengthened into the season's first hurricane as it meandered around the ocean far from land.
Following a lull in activity, tropical cyclogenesis picked up drastically in late August. Within a span of 39 hours during August 20–22, four
tropical storms
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
formed:
Emily
Emily may refer to:
* Emily (given name), including a list of people with the name
Music
* "Emily" (1964 song), title song by Johnny Mandel and Johnny Mercer to the film ''The Americanization of Emily''
* "Emily" (Dave Koz song), a 1990 song ...
,
Franklin
Franklin may refer to:
People and characters
* Franklin (given name), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (surname), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (class), a member of a historic ...
,
Gert
Gert is a mainly masculine given name (sometimes a short form of Gerrit, Gerard, etc.), with some female bearers (short for Gertrude).
Since 1993 no one in Sweden has been baptised as Gert according to the Swedish Bureau of Census, so the na ...
, and
Harold.
This marked the fastest time four storms were named within the Atlantic basin, surpassing the previous mark of 48 hours, set in
1893
Events
January
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
* January 6 – The Washington National Cathedral is chartered by Congress; th ...
and matched in
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning Sys ...
. Emily formed in the eastern Atlantic, lasting only 24 hours before dissipating. Franklin moved across the Dominican Republic, before intensifying into a Category 4 hurricane in the western Atlantic. Gert became a remnant low on August 22, but regenerated into a tropical cyclone ten days later, on September 1.
Tropical Storm Harold affected south Texas and brought much needed rainfall to the region. Those four were followed by two more systems during last week of the month:
Idalia, and Jose. Idalia formed on August 26 in the Northwestern Caribbean, intensified into a Category 4 hurricane, then made landfall in the
Big Bend region of Florida at Category 3 strength. Tropical Storm Jose formed in the open Atlantic on August 31.
The quick pace of storm formation continued into September, the climatological peak of the hurricane season. On September 1, Tropical Storm Katia formed northwest of
Cabo Verde
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country and archipelagic state of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about . These islands ...
in the far eastern Atlantic.
After Gert and Katia dissipated, Tropical Storm Lee formed in the central tropical Atlantic on September 5. It became a hurricane a day later, then rapidly intensified to Category 5 strength, with its winds increasing by during the 24hour period ending at 06:00 UTC on September 8. This made Lee the thirdfastest intensifying Atlantic hurricane on record, behind only
Felix and
Wilma. Lee later made multiple landfalls in
Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (), is the list of regions of Canada, region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landma ...
as an extratropical cyclone. Tropical Storm Margot formed next, and strengthened into the season's fifth hurricane on September 11.
They were joined by Tropical Depression Fifteen, later Hurricane Nigel, which formed midway between the
Lesser Antilles
The Lesser Antilles is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea, forming part of the West Indies in Caribbean, Caribbean region of the Americas. They are distinguished from the larger islands of the Greater Antilles to the west. They form an arc w ...
and Cabo Verde Islands on September 15. Nigel remained far from any land masses, and became extratropical on September 22. That same day,
Tropical Storm Ophelia formed offshore of
North Carolina
North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...
.
The storm moved inland the following morning at near-hurricane strength.
Also on September 23,
Tropical Storm Philippe The name Philippe has been used for four tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean.
* Hurricane Philippe (2005)
The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was a record-breaking, devastating and deadly Atlantic hurricane season. It is the second-costliest ...
formed in the eastern tropical Atlantic.
Right behind Philippe came Tropical Storm Rina five days later. At that time, Philippe and Rina were approximately apart, which is
close enough to influence each other's movement and development.
After a brief letup in activity, Tropical Storm Sean formed on October 11, in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Later, on October 18,
Hurricane Tammy formed.
It made landfall on
Barbuda
Barbuda (; ) is an island and dependency located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the twin-island state of Antigua and Barbuda as an autonomous entity. Barbuda is located approximately north of Antigua. The only settlements on the i ...
, the second system in three weeks to do so, in addition to Philippe.
A few days later, short-lived Tropical Depression Twenty-One formed offshore Nicaragua, moved inland, and soon dissipated. The season effectively ended when Tammy dissipated on October 29. No tropical cyclones formed in the Atlantic in the month of November for the first time since
2018
Events January
* January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency.
* January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...
, though a disturbance over the Caribbean Sea was briefly designated as a ''potential tropical cyclone'' during the month, but it did not organize into a tropical cyclone.
Despite the above-normal activity this season, El Niñoenhanced
wind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
prevented most storms from strengthening. The El Niño event also weakened the
Bermuda High
The Azores High also known as North Atlantic (Subtropical) High/Anticyclone or the Bermuda- High, is a large subtropical semi-permanent centre of high atmospheric pressure typically found south of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, at the Horse lat ...
, allowing systems to curve northward or take more easterly tracks out to sea, as opposed to being pushed westward towards the
continental United States
The contiguous United States, also known as the U.S. mainland, officially referred to as the conterminous United States, consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states and the District of Columbia of the United States in central North America. The te ...
, Mexico, or Central America. As a result, only a few systems impacted land or caused significant damage this season, with just three making landfall in the U.S. The systems of this season collectively produced at least $3.09 billion (USD) in damage, and caused 16 fatalities.
Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean

Overall, 20 tropical cyclones formed, of which 17 reached tropical storm intensity and were named. A total of 10 of these storms became hurricanes, and eight became major hurricanes. The season was very active compared to the previous below-to-normal seasons since
2019
This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year.
Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
. Despite this, no tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific for the fourth consecutive year. At least 66 fatalities were recorded and damage totaled USD$16.87 billion, mostly due to
Hurricane Otis
Hurricane Otis was a compact but very powerful tropical cyclone which made a devastating landfall in October 2023 near Acapulco as a List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes, Category 5 hurricane. Otis was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfa ...
which was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall at Category 5 intensity, surpassing
Hurricane Patricia
Hurricane Patricia was the most powerful tropical cyclone on record worldwide in terms of maximum sustained winds and the second-most intense on record worldwide in terms of pressure, with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 872 mbar (hPa; ), beh ...
as the strongest landfalling Pacific hurricane on record. The season's activity, east of 140°W, was reflected with a above-average cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 164, roughly 115% of the 30-year median. The season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; both ended officially on November 30.
The above-average activity levels were largely attributed to the strong El Niño event, which brought anomalously high sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear to western parts of the basin.
The first several weeks of this Eastern Pacific hurricane season were quiet, as the first system, Hurricane Adrian, did not develop until June 27. Typically, the first named storm forms around June 10. Two days later, as Adrian moved out into the open Pacific,
Hurricane Beatriz formed near and tracked parallel to the Mexican coast. Next came Hurricane Calvin, which formed off the southwestern coast of Mexico during the second week of July and became the first major hurricane of the season as it moved steadily west-northwestward toward Hawaii.
Hurricane Dora ushered in August by rapidly intensifying to a Category 4 hurricane, while also tracking toward Hawaii.
On August 11, Dora crossed the
International Dateline
The International Date Line (IDL) is the line extending between the South Pole, South and North Poles that is the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180th meridian, 180.0� ...
to become only the second tropical cyclone on record to be at hurricane strength in the Eastern, Central and Western Pacific basins, the other being
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Second E ...
in 1994. Additionally, Dora maintained
Category 4 intensity longer than any Pacific hurricane on record.
Another early August system, short-lived Tropical Storm Eugene, formed and remained well offshore Mexico. It was soon followed by Category 4 Hurricane Fernanda and Tropical Storm Greg; neither system passed near land. Next came
Hurricane Hilary
Hurricane Hilary was a large and powerful Pacific hurricane in August 2023 that brought torrential rainfall and gusty winds to the Pacific Coast of Mexico, the Baja California Peninsula, and the Southwestern United States, resulting in wid ...
, the season's third Category 4 system, which made landfall along Mexico's
Baja California peninsula as a tropical storm before moving up into
Southern California
Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural List of regions of California, region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its densely populated coastal reg ...
. Heavy rainfall drenched both regions, resulting in widespread flooding and numerous mudslides. At the beginning of September, Hurricane Jova formed, and underwent
explosive intensification
Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
, to become the first Category 5 hurricane in the Eastern Pacific Ocean since
2018
Events January
* January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency.
* January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...
.
Later that month, Tropical Storm Kenneth formed southwest of Baja California.
Then, during the first part of October, two systems, Category 4
Hurricane Lidia and
Tropical Storm Max, formed. Both made landfall along the southwestern coast of Mexico: Max in
Guerrero
Guerrero, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero, is one of the 32 states that compose the administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Guerrero, 85 municipalities. The stat ...
on October 9, and Lidia in
Jalisco
Jalisco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in western Mexico and is bordered by s ...
on October 10. In mid-October, Hurricane Norma rapidly intensified to Category 4 strength as it moved towards the Baja California peninsula. Several days later,
Hurricane Otis
Hurricane Otis was a compact but very powerful tropical cyclone which made a devastating landfall in October 2023 near Acapulco as a List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes, Category 5 hurricane. Otis was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfa ...
unexpectedly underwent
explosive intensification
Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
, strengthening from a 50 mph (85 km/h) tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane in 12 hours, an increase of , a documented 24-hour intensity increase (for Eastern Pacific hurricanes) behind only
Hurricane Patricia
Hurricane Patricia was the most powerful tropical cyclone on record worldwide in terms of maximum sustained winds and the second-most intense on record worldwide in terms of pressure, with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 872 mbar (hPa; ), beh ...
.
Otis then became first Pacific hurricane to make landfall at Category 5 intensity,
causing over $10 billion (USD) in damage in and around
Acapulco
Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco ( , ; ), is a city and Port of Acapulco, major seaport in the Political divisions of Mexico, state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City. Located on a deep, semicirc ...
.
The fifth and last system to form in October, Tropical Storm Pilar, formed offshore Central America on October 28; heavy rains from the storm caused flash flooding in the region.
Later, with one week remaining in the season, Tropical Storm Ramon formed far from land, then degenerated to a remnant low on November 26, marking the end of tropical activity in the basin for the season.
Western Pacific Ocean

The season began on March 4 with the formation of a tropical depression which formed
near the equator, east of Singapore. The depression was short lived and was last noted three days later. The storm however, brought heavy rainfall across Malaysia, affecting about 50,000 people.
A month later on April 7, the JMA began tracking a
low-pressure area
In meteorology, a low-pressure area (LPA), low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. It is the opposite of a high-pressure area. Low-pressure areas are commonly associated with incle ...
located in the
Philippines Sea. On the same day the JMA classified the system as a tropical depression with the PAGASA naming the system ''Amang''. The depression made three landfalls in
Panganiban, Catanduanes
Panganiban, officially the Municipality of Panganiban, is a municipality in the province of Catanduanes, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 9,713 people.
It is formerly known as Payo.
Etymology
Although the origi ...
;
Presentacion, Camarines Sur; and
Lagonoy, Camarines Sur
Lagonoy, officially the Municipality of Lagonoy (; ), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 56,714 people.
Etymology
There are two version as how Lagonoy got its n ...
, before weakening into a remnant low on April 13. Amang caused minor damage across the country however, no fatalities were reported. Five days after Amang dissipated, the JMA began monitoring another disturbance located near
Pohnpei
Pohnpei (formerly known as Ponape or Ascension, from Pohnpeian: "upon (''pohn'') a stone altar (''pei'')") is an island of the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group. It belongs to Pohnpei State, one of the fou ...
. After slowly intensifying, the system reached tropical storm status and the system was named
''Sanvu'' by the JMA; becoming the first named storm in the basin. Sanvu however began to weaken after entering hostile environment. The storm weakened back into a tropical depression until it dissipated on April 25.
On May 5, a tropical depression was noted in the
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (; Tausug: ''Dagat sin Sūg''; ; ) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipela ...
by the JMA. The system crossed
Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest c ...
and entered the
West Philippine Sea
West Philippine Sea (; or ''Karagatang Kanlurang Pilipinas''; abbreviated as WPS) is the designation by the government of the Philippines to the parts of the South China Sea that are included in the country's exclusive economic zone. The term i ...
on the same day. The system continued to traverse the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
before dissipating on May 7. On May 19, a tropical depression developed south-southwest of the
Chuuk islands. A few hours later, it became a tropical storm and was named ''
Mawar''. On the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm, as the storm was getting better defined. A day later, Mawar was classified as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon by the JTWC. The JMA followed suit and designated the system as a Typhoon on the same day; becoming the first typhoon of the year in the basin. Mawar later strengthened into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon on May 22. Then, the storm began to explosively intensify and reached Category 3-equivalent status on the same day. It further strengthened into a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon on the next day as it approached
Guam
Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
. Land interaction with Guam and an eyewall replacement cycle caused the storm to weaken slightly but eventually restrengthened after passing the northern tip of Guam on May 24. The next day, Mawar completed its eyewall replacement cycle and went on to reach its peak intensity of 295 km/h (185 mph), making it a very strong Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. As Mawar entered the PAR which was named Betty by PAGASA, it encountered cooler oceans and increasing wind shear which caused it to weaken. It also underwent yet another
eyewall replacement cycle
In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds greater than , or hurricane-force, and particularly in major hurricanes of Saffir–Simps ...
causing the storm to weaken further. It affected the eastern coast of Luzon and weakened to a severe tropical storm as it left the PAR on June 1. It affected the
Okinawa Islands
The are an island group in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and are the principal island group of the prefecture. The Okinawa Islands are part of the larger Ryukyu Islands group and are located between the Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture to the ...
and finally turned extratropical south of
Honshu
, historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the list of islands by area, seventh-largest island in the world, and the list of islands by ...
on June 3.
On June 5, a low-pressure area was formed north of Palau, naming the system as Invest 98W. At the following day, it intensified and entered the Philippine area of responsibility, prompting PAGASA to name the storm as ''Chedeng'' at 08:00 UTC. The JTWC later followed suit and designated it as 03W. At 20:00 UTC, Chedeng was upgraded to a tropical storm, receiving the international name ''Guchol''. Guchol later became a strong Category 2-equivalent typhoon in the Philippine Sea, but the cold wake from Typhoon Mawar kept it from intensifying any further. As Guchol (Chedeng) exited the PAR, it weakened to a severe tropical storm, and continued northeastwards, avoiding the Japanese archipelago.
On July 13, A monsoon depression formed near Luzon. PAGASA noted the system and subsequently named the system ''Dodong.'' The system then crossed the island. The system then entered the South China Sea, where it became a tropical depression. Later, it became a tropical storm. It was named ''Talim.'' Talim moved through the South China Sea as it intensified. Near the coast of China, Talim reached its peak intensity as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. Talim slightly weakened before making landfall in China at 22:20 CST. About six hours later, Talim entered the Gulf of Tonkin and made a second landfall. On July 18, Talim dissipated inland.
On July 19, the JMA began tracking a disturbance in the Philippine Sea. On July 21, the JMA noticed it had begun to become more organized and it was upgraded into a tropical storm, with the name given being
Doksuri. The PAGASA also noted the formation and gave it the name Egay. On July 23, the system began to intensify rapidly, and achieved typhoon status. Late on July 24, the JTWC classified it as a super typhoon. The next morning the PAGASA did the same thing as on that day it reached its peak of 1 minute sustained winds of . Doksuri began to slow as it reached the northern Philippines. With dry air in the area, Doksuri started to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle. As a mid-range Category-4 typhoon, Doksuri made landfall over
Fuga Island
Fuga Island is an island and barangay located north of Luzon and is part of the Babuyan Islands, which is the second-northernmost island group of the Philippines. Barangay Fuga Island is one of the 42 barangays under the jurisdiction of the mun ...
in
Aparri, Cagayan
Aparri ( Ibanag: ''Ili nat Aparri''; ; ), officially the Municipality of Aparri, is a municipality in the province of , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 68,839 people.
Aparri is a bustling municipality and t ...
. Hours later, it made another landfall in
Dalupiri Island Dalupiri Island may refer to any of the following islands in the Philippines:
* Dalupiri Island (Samar) in Northern Samar province
* Dalupiri Island (Cagayan) in Cagayan province, and part of the Babuyan Islands
{{geodab ...
. The storm eventually began to de-intensify following the eyewall replacement. However, as it exited the region on July 27, it began reintensifying. It was now heading toward Taiwan and China with 1 minute sustained winds of 120 mph. On July 28, it made its last landfall in China; however, it rapidly began to weaken. On July 29, Doksuri dissipated inland over China.
After Doksuri devastated several countries, JMA announced another formation of a low-pressure area in the Pacific Ocean. The JMA later issued a warning, declaring it as a tropical depression. The system also indicated that the system is in a favorable environment for development. On July 27, the JTWC subsequently issued advisories for the system and classified the system as ''Tropical Depression 06W''. Despite its disorganized structure, both agencies upgraded the system into a tropical storm, with JMA assigning the name ''Khanun''.
Khanun later entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
(PAR), gaining the name ''Falcon'' by PAGASA. Tracking northward due to a nearby mid-level subtropical high-pressure area, Khanun intensified into a severe tropical storm. Over 24 hours, its maximum sustained wind speeds grew by 130 km/h (80 mph) and eventually reached a peak of 220 km/h (140 mph), equivalent to Category 4 status on the Saffir–Simpson scale. As it left PAR on August 1, Khanun weakened slightly as it moved move closer to the
Ryukyu Islands
The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, battering them with heavy rain and strong winds. Khanun weakened further due to an ongoing
eyewall replacement cycle
In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds greater than , or hurricane-force, and particularly in major hurricanes of Saffir–Simps ...
, allowing its eye to grow massively, but degrading its overall structure.
Following structural weakening, the JMA and JTWC downgraded Khanun to a severe tropical storm, with estimated winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). After passing north of
Tokunoshima
, also known in English as is an island in the Amami archipelago of the southern Satsunan Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
The island, in area, has a population of approximately 27,000. The island is divided into three administrative t ...
, the storm accelerated to the southeast. Satellite imagery showed a consolidating LLCC with formative convective banding and deep convection over the northern semicircle, the storm passed the southwestern island of
Kyushu
is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ...
. Around 00:00 UTC on August 10, Khanun made landfall on
Geojedo
Geojedo (), or Geoje Island, is the principal island of Geoje, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is joined to land by two bridges from nearby Tongyeong. Gohyeon is the largest town on the island.
Geojedo covers an area of , the second l ...
Islands in South Korea with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). The JMA continued to monitor Khanun as a tropical cyclone until early on August 11.
On August 5, the JMA reported that a low-pressure area had formed east-northeast of
Iwo Jima
is one of the Japanese Volcano Islands, which lie south of the Bonin Islands and together with them make up the Ogasawara Subprefecture, Ogasawara Archipelago. Together with the Izu Islands, they make up Japan's Nanpō Islands. Although sout ...
. Environmental conditions were marginally favorable to conduct a
tropical cyclogenesis
Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropics, tropical cyclogenesis occur are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occu ...
, with warm sea temperatures, low vertical wind shear, and good outflow. Later that day, JMA named the system ''Lan'' as it strengthened into a tropical storm. Lan continues to strengthen more to achieve the peak intensity of 220 km/h (140 mph) by JTWC.
After reaching its peak intensity, Lan started to track through colder waters, causing the typhoon to weaken significantly. Lan re-strengthened again into a Category-2 typhoon as it strengthened. The storm maintained its overall convective structure, but the waters beneath the cyclone cooled, prompting a quick weakening trend. Around 14:00 UTC on August 14, Lan made landfall on
Cape Shionomisaki, Japan. Once inland, Lan weakened into a tropical storm over the region's rough terrain. Lan began to accelerate northeast through
Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...
while weakening. JMA declared the system as an extratropical low on August 17.
In mid-August, two tropical disturbances were formed on either side of the basin. The first disturbance was recognized east of Taiwan on August 20. On the next day, the second one formed in the open waters of the Western Pacific. PAGASA expected that the low-pressure area near Taiwan would have a low chance of development. However, on the next day, PAGASA later recognized that the disturbance was named ''Goring'' after it was upgraded into a tropical depression. Meanwhile, in the open waters of the Pacific, JTWC designated the system as ''Tropical Depression 08W''. While near the Philippines, JTWC gave the identifier for Goring as ''Tropical Depression 09W''.
On August 24, 09W was upgraded into a tropical storm, which gave the name ''Saola'' by the JMA. Saola began to move southwestwards through the Philippine Sea and continued to intensity to a typhoon. Being in warm sea surface temperature, Saola began to rapidly intensify as it loitered off the coast of Luzon. It reached the intensity of a Category-4 typhoon on August 27. After executing a south-southeastward turn over the Philippine Sea, Saola weakened to a Category-2 typhoon. However, on August 29, Saola regained strength and explosively intensified further into a Category-5 super typhoon. Saola crossed through the
Babuyan Islands
The Babuyan Islands ( ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands, is an archipelago in the Philippines, located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan. The archipelago consists of five major islands and thei ...
before it left the Philippine Area of Responsibility a few hours later.
Saola remained a powerful super typhoon as it crossed through the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, and featured a clear and warm eye as it did so. As it drew closer to Hong Kong, Saola was struggling to complete an eyewall replacement cycle, resulting in some slight weakening. Before its approach, the Hong Kong Observatory had issued its Hurricane Signal No. 10 at 20:15 HKT (12:15 UTC), the first time to do so since
Typhoon Mangkhut
Typhoon Mangkhut, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ompong, was a powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage in Guam, the Philippines, and South China in mid-September 2018. It was the strongest typhoon to strike ...
of 2018. On September 1, Saola passed south of Hong Kong and Macau as a mid-Category-4 typhoon, battering with strong winds and heavy rain. Saola weakened into a Category-3 as it made landfall in Guangdong, China on early Saturday. Once inland, Saola began to weaken into a severe tropical storm after landfall. On September 3, all agencies issued their final advisory as Saola dissipated that day.
In the open waters of the basin, 08W received the name ''Damrey'' as it moved northward. Avoiding the Japanese islands, Damrey intensified into a Category-1 typhoon and severe tropical storm, respectively by the JTWC and JMA, well east of Japan. It then turned post-tropical on August 29.
While Saola is exhibiting a counter-clockwise loop east of the Philippines, a new broad low-pressure area developed into a tropical depression on August 27, near the Northern Mariana Islands, while slowly drifting westward. On the next day, JMA immediately named the disturbance as ''Haikui''. The JTWC began issuing advisories for Haikui thereafter and designated it as ''Tropical Depression 10W''. Shortly after being named, Haikui rapidly intensified into a severe tropical storm status a few minutes later. It eventually entered PAR, giving the domestic name ''Hanna''.
Before landfall in Taiwan, Haikui strengthened into a Category-3 typhoon due to favorable conditions. Haikui then made landfall, in
Taitung County
Taitung () is the third largest county in Taiwan, located primarily on the island's southeastern coast and also including Green Island, Orchid Island and Lesser Orchid Island. The seat is located in Taitung City.
Name
While its name means "East ...
, Taiwan on September 3, became the first typhoon to make landfall in that intensity since
Typhoon Megi of 2016. The mountain ranges of Taiwan made it weakened to a Category-1 typhoon. It then moved erratically and made its second landfall in
Kaohsiung
Kaohsiung, officially Kaohsiung City, is a special municipality located in southern Taiwan. It ranges from the coastal urban center to the rural Yushan Range with an area of . Kaohsiung City has a population of approximately 2.73 million p ...
, Taiwan. Haikui weakened significantly and downgraded into a severe tropical storm. On September 5, Haikui made its third and final landfall in
Dongshan County
() is a county of far southern Fujian Province, People's Republic of China, located along the Taiwan Strait. It comprises 44 islands for a total area of , and is under the administration of Zhangzhou City. The total population was around 220,000 ...
, Fujian as a weakening tropical storm. Therefore, JMA and the JTWC made their final advisory as Haikui dissipated on the next day. Overall, Haikui caused 16 deaths and a total of
US$
The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...
2.31 billion worth of damages throughout its lifetime.
Just after Haikui strengthened into a tropical storm, another low-pressure area located far east of Guam began to form. On August 30, as the system steadily intensified, the JTWC started issuing advisories and designated the depression as ''Tropical Depression 11W''. While moving northwest, 11W developed into a tropical storm, giving the name ''Kirogi''. On September 2, Kirogi weakened back to a tropical depression. Its remnants would meander near Japan before dissipating on September 6.
On September 4, an area of low pressure was formed in the northeast region of PAR. The LPA would later be named ''Ineng'' by PAGASA and ''Yun-yeung'' which replaced the name
Kai-tak. Yun-yeung continued to move northward slowly as it approached central and eastern Japan. Yun-yeung was last noted over
Suruga Bay
Suruga Bay (駿河湾, ''Suruga-wan'') is a bay on the Pacific coast of Honshū in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is situated north of a straight line from Omaezaki Point to Irōzaki Point at the tip of the Izu Peninsula and surrounded by Honsh� ...
near
Shizuoka, Japan
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,555,818 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northeas ...
. It brought heavy rain across the wide areas of Japan, prompting warnings over the risk of flooding and mudslides.
An area of low pressure formed near the Southern Philippines. On September 24, JMA recognized it as a tropical depression as it tracked westward. Around the same day, JTWC designated the system as ''13W''. It was tracking north-northwestward toward the Vietnam coast. The JMA last tracked the system on September 27.
On September 27, a low-pressure area was formed near the Northern Mariana Islands. The JTWC later issued bulletins for any potential development in the upcoming days. It continued to move westwards, entering PAR where it was upgraded into a depression and named ''Jenny'' by PAGASA. A few hours later, JTWC gave the identifier for Jenny as ''Tropical Depression 14W''. On the next day, JMA upgraded 14W into a tropical storm, assigning the name ''Koinu''. Koinu moved west-northwestward while it intensified steadily. Being in the warm waters of the Philippine Sea, Koinu was upgraded into a Category-3 typhoon.
Koinu weakened into a Category 2 yet it reintensified further into a Category-4 typhoon with 1-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg). This caused Koinu to perform an
eyewall replacement cycle
In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds greater than , or hurricane-force, and particularly in major hurricanes of Saffir–Simps ...
, achieving its defined eye-like feature. Koinu then passed dangerously to Lanyu before making its first landfall in
Hengchun
Hengchun is a Township (Taiwan), township located on the southern tip of the Hengchun Peninsula in Pingtung County, Taiwan. It is the southernmost township in Taiwan. Hengchun is also the only urban township in the southern part of Pingtung Coun ...
, Taiwan.
After its interaction with land, Koinu weakened again, downgrading to Category-3 strength. As it left PAR, Koinu further weakened into a Category-1 typhoon. As it tracked through the South China Sea, Koinu unexpectedly restrengthened back to Category-3 major typhoon for the second time. Koinu later passed closely to Hong Kong, which prompted the HKO to issue Increasing Storm Signal No. 9 at 19:00 (HKT). It was kept for 4 hours as it moved away from the country. As it moves through unfavorable conditions, Koinu starts to weaken again for the last time to a tropical storm. JMA and JTWC ceased advisories as Koinu dissipated over the coastal waters of Guangdong on October 10.
A tropical depression was formed near the Federated States of Micronesia on October 6. The depression later gave its identifier from JTWC as ''Tropical Depression 15W''. Although it was disorganized, the system continued to consolidate, and was upgraded into ''Tropical Storm Bolaven''. On October 10, Bolaven was upgraded into a typhoon. The typhoon passed just south of
Saipan
Saipan () is the largest island and capital of the Northern Mariana Islands, an unincorporated Territories of the United States, territory of the United States in the western Pacific Ocean. According to 2020 estimates by the United States Cens ...
and the Northern Mariana Islands. Bolaven later underwent
explosive intensification
Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
in which it went from a 150 km/h (90 mph) Category 1-equivalent typhoon to a 260 km/h (160 mph) Category 5-equivalent super typhoon in 12 hours ending at 00:00 UTC on October 11, after leaving the Mariana Islands. However, shortly after peaking its intensity, Bolaven later weakened as it recurved northeastward. Bolaven then transitioned into an extratropical cyclone which prompted the JTWC to cease their bulletins.
On October 13, a low-pressure area developed to the west of the Philippines. Due to the system being over warm waters and low vertical wind shear, a TCFA was announced on October 16. JTWC designated the said disturbance as ''16W''. On October 18, JMA formally named the system ''Tropical Storm Sanba'' as it continues to consolidate. Sanba later made landfall in
Hainan
Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
on the following day. It weakened into a tropical depression on October 20.
After many weeks of inactivity, a tropical depression was formed on November 12. Shortly after, the JTWC issued a TCFA for what was then-Invest 95W. At 15:00 UTC, the agency designated it as 17W. The system was expected to develop into a tropical cyclone but was hindered by easterly wind shear and dry air. On the following day, the JTWC noted that 17W had been dissipated due to the presence of high wind shear as it headed towards the equator.
The last tropical cyclone of 2023 was formed east-southeast of Yap on December 13. Conditions for further development remained marginally conductive with sea surface temperatures of 30–31 °C (86–88 °F) and low vertical wind shear. The next day, it entered PAR, which gained the name ''Kabayan''. On December 17, the system intensified into a tropical storm, and attained the name ''Jelawat''. At 09:30 PHT (01:30 UTC) the next day, Jelawat made landfall in
Manay, Davao Oriental
Manay (, also spelled Man-ay), officially the Municipality of Manay (; ), is a first class municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,572 people.
Manay is located in Dav ...
, weakening into a tropical depression. JTWC later issued its last bulletin on Jelawat, stating that land interaction and lack of humidity had made the depression rapidly weaken.
However, on December 20, JMA and JTWC monitored the remnants of the system, stating that it was marginal to regenerate. The JMA continued to observe the remnants until 18:00 UTC. The JTWC remained monitoring the remnants until they formally dissipated on December 22. Jelawat's passage through the Philippines caused heavy rainfall across Mindanao and Visayas. One person went missing while the other one got injured. Jelawat caused $43,200 thousand worth of damages throughout its onslaught.
North Indian Ocean

The season began on January 30 with the formation of a tropical depression classified as
BOB 01 over the
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region.
Many South Asian and Southe ...
. The storm's formation was the first January tropical cyclone in the basin since
2019
This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year.
Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
. The JTWC later issued a TCFA on the system, designated as ''Invest 90B''. It weakened after continued land interaction with Sri Lanka.
After almost four months of inactivity, the
IMD began to monitor a disturbance which was located in the
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region.
Many South Asian and Southe ...
on May 6. The system steadily improved and was upgraded to a depression by the IMD, classified as ''BOB 02''. Soon afterward on May 10, it intensified to a deep depression. On the next day, it strengthened into a cyclonic storm; with the IMD assigning the name
Mocha
Mocha may refer to:
Places
* Mokha, a city in Yemen
* Mocha Island, an island in Biobío Region, Chile
* Mocha, Chile, a town in Chile
* Mocha, Ecuador, a city in Ecuador
* Mocha Canton, a government subdivision in Ecuador
* Mocha, a segmen ...
. Mocha began to rapidly intensify and reached its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent cyclone on May 14. Mocha then made landfall just north of
Sittwe
Sittwe (, ), formerly Akyab (), is the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). Sittwe is located on an estuarial island created at the confluence of the Kaladan, Mayu, and Lay Mro rivers emptying into the Bay of Bengal. As of 2019 the cit ...
, Myanmar as a high-end Category 4-equivalent cyclone. The cyclone then rapidly weakened and was last noted over the Chinese
province
A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
of
Yunnan
Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...
on May 15. Mocha caused heavy damage across Myanmar and Bangladesh. The storm left 400 people dead. On June 1, the IMD monitored a disturbance in the
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea () is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel, on the northwest by Gulf of Oman and Iran, on the north by Pakistan, on the east by India, and ...
and was later upgraded to a cyclonic storm on June 6, receiving the name ''Biparjoy.'' The system quickly intensified to Category 1-equivalent strength. However, moderate easterly wind shear limited Biparjoy's intensification for a while. Later on, the cyclone unexpectedly rapidly intensified and reached its peak as a Category 3-equivalent cyclone. Afterward, wind shear began to take a toll on Biparjoy and made landfall near
Naliya
Naliya is a town, which is also the taluka headquarters of Abdasa Taluka of Kutch District (kachchh), Gujarat, India. It is located on the western end of Kutch 19 km by road from ancient port of Jakhau.
History
Naliya was a prosperous tr ...
, India. The
brown ocean effect
The brown ocean effect is an observed weather phenomenon involving some tropical cyclones after landfall. Normally, hurricanes and tropical storms lose strength when they make landfall, but when the brown ocean effect is in play, tropical cyclone ...
caused the cyclone to gradually weaken and was finally downgraded to a well-marked low-pressure area by the IMD on June 19. Meanwhile, in the Bay of Bengal, a low-pressure area formed on June 9, and the JTWC designated it ''Tropical Cyclone 03B'' with sheared yet organized convection. On June 10, the system weakened to a low-pressure area over Bangladesh and dissipated. On July 31, both the IMD and JTWC began tracking a new area of low pressure in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal. Later that day, JTWC upgraded the system to ''Tropical Cyclone 04B.'' IMD designated it as Deep Depression BOB 03 and later made landfall in
Khepupara
Kalapara Upazila (, also known as Khepupara () is an upazila of Patuakhali District in the Division of Barisal, Bangladesh.
History
The Rakhine tribe of Bangladesh first settled in this upazila. A section of the people belonging to the Buddhist R ...
before dissipating in
Eastern India
East India is a region consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha
and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhan ...
. On September 30, IMD designated Depression ARB 02 off the Konkan coast. The system maintained its intensity before moving inland the next day. In late October, two major cyclones occurred, namely Tej and Hamoon. Tej developed in a favorable environment of high sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. Thus, the system rapidly intensified to a high-end Category 3-equivalent cyclone according to the JTWC. Afterward, dry air caused Tej to steadily weaken before making landfall in
Al Mahrah Governorate
Al Mahrah ( '), or simply Mahra, is a governorate ('' muhafazah'') of Yemen in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Situated in the area of the former Mahra Sultanate, its capital is Al Ghaydah. It has international borders with Oman.
...
, Yemen. Hamoon was named in the Bay of Bengal on October 23. Overnight, the system rapidly intensified to a Category 2-equivalent cyclone, and later made landfall on Bangladesh's coast. In middle of November, a low pressure area was formed which later intensified into a depression according by IMD. This system rapidly strengthened into a cyclonic storm, named Midhili, and on November 17, it made landfall near the coast of Bangladesh. After that, in late November, a low pressure area occurred near
Gulf of Thailand
The Gulf of Thailand (), historically known as the Gulf of Siam (), is a shallow inlet adjacent to the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. ...
and later it upgraded into a deep depression on December 2. It developed into a cyclonic storm thereafter and was named Michaung. It further rapidly intensified into a high-end severe cyclonic storm with maximum sustained winds of . On December 5, it made landfall near
Bapatla
Bapatla is a town and district headquarters of Bapatla district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Bapatla mandal of Bapatla revenue division. The nearest towns and cities to Bapatla are ...
in Andhra Pradesh. The storm killed at least seventeen people.
South-West Indian Ocean
January – June

In January 2023, a new disturbance became a tropical depression and was later named Cheneso''.'' The cyclone strengthened to severe tropical storm status before making landfall over Madagascar on January 19. It re-intensified to
Cyclone Cheneso after moving southwestwards as an overland depression status. It was last noted as a subtropical depression on January 29. In February 2023,
Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region moved into this basin, where it was classified as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. Although initially struggling to intensify due to wind shear, it gradually intensified and eventually reached tropical cyclone status, before moving southwestwards and dissipated.
Cyclone Freddy moved the Australian area and reached this region, where MFR immediately classed it as a tropical cyclone status. It subsequently strengthened into a very intense tropical cyclone status. Freddy later intensified into a Category 5 tropical cyclone before making landfall over Madagascar. It weakened as it crossed the Mozambique Channel, but it re-intensified to severe tropical storm status before making landfall in Mozambique, it unexpectedly reappeared in the Mozambique Channel. It was upgraded to tropical cyclone status. It weakened but began to re-strengthen when it approached Mozambique, the storm gradually deteriorated and last noted on March 14. Another tropical depression formed and strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Enala, which subsequently evolved into a tropical cyclone and last occurred on February 28. Another period of inactivity then ensued, until a Moderate Tropical Storm 09 formed and dissipated quickly. In May, Fabien formed close to the equator and became an intense tropical cyclone, which was unusually strong this late in the season before encountering increasing wind shear.
July – December

The season began with Tropical Storm Alvaro on December 30. The next day, it traversed the Mozambique Channel before being upgraded to a moderate tropical storm. It persisted into January 2024. A few days later, a disturbance would form.
Australian region
January – June

The season began with
Cyclone Ellie, which persisted into 2023. Ellie dissipated on January 8, ending its long duration over the Australian mainland. On January 6,
Tropical Low 07U formed over the
Coral Sea
The Coral Sea () is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific off the northeast coast of Australia, and classified as an Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, interim Australian bioregion. The Coral Sea extends down t ...
, becoming the first storm to form in the basin. 07U entered the South Pacific basin on the next day, where it was named
''Hale'' by the FMS. Tropical Disturbance 05F formed on January 14 by the FMS, while it was still in the Australian basin. It briefly moved into the South Pacific basin and re-entered into the Australian basin. It later moved back into the South Pacific Basin. On January 18, a tropical low formed. The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system as it crossed into the South Pacific basin. It was later identified as 06F (10P from JTWC) and was dissipated on January 21 with vertical wind shear in South Pacific Ocean. On January 22, a tropical low classified as ''10U'' by the BoM formed from a monsoon trough over the
Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea (or Arafuru Sea) lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
Geography
The Arafura Sea is ...
, which generally headed westward after formation. It dissipated on January 26. On January 27, the BoM noted that a tropical low formed in the central Indian Ocean and classified it as ''11U''. The JTWC designated the system as ''Invest 94S'', and began to consolidate. Another tropical low formed in the central Indian Ocean being classified as ''12U'' by the BoM and ''Invest 95S'' by the JTWC, which dissipated on February 5.
The same day, another tropical low classified as ''13U'' by the BoM and ''97S'' by the JTWC formed northeast of 12U, and began to consolidate. 13U intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, henceforth being assigned the name ''Freddy''. Tropical Low 14U formed south of the Solomon Islands, also being tracked by the JTWC, by the code identifier ''99P''. Freddy intensified into a Category 3 on the Australian scale, and 14U became the fifth named storm of 2023 as it became a Category 1 on the Australian scale, henceforth being assigned the name ''Gabrielle''.
Tropical Low 11U moved into the Southwest Indian Ocean basin on February 9, where it was assigned the name ''Dingani''. Freddy weakened into a category two tropical cyclone before intensifying again. Gabrielle moved into the South Pacific basin as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on February 10. Freddy reached Category 4 on both the Australian scale and the SSHWS. Tropical Low 15U formed in the Gulf of Carpentaria on February 11. Freddy, after weakening slightly, moved into the South-west Indian Ocean basin on February 14. 15U was last noted on February 17. On February 23, the BoM reported that 16U had formed to the north of the coast of
Pilbara
The Pilbara () is a large, dry, sparsely populated regions of Western Australia, region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal people; wealth disparity; its ancient landscapes; the prevailing r ...
, later moving into the
Gulf of Carpentaria
The Gulf of Carpentaria is a sea off the northern coast of Australia. It is enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the eastern Arafura Sea, which separates Australia and New Guinea. The northern boundary ...
before moving inland. 17U, a weak tropical low, formed over land to the south of the
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf is a large body of water off the coast of the Northern Territory and Western Australia and part of the Timor Sea. It was named after Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon and King of Naples (1806–1808) and then Spain (18 ...
on February 24. Another weak tropical low formed on February 26, classified as ''18U'' by the BoM. 18U moved into the South Pacific basin on March 1. 17U, meanwhile, was last noted on February 27.
On March 28, Tropical Low 21U formed near the coast of Cocos Kelling Islands, a day later it intensified giving it the name ''Herman'', a few days later it intensified into a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone. However, it started to rapidly deteriorate down to a tropical low within 48 hours after its peak. A week later on April 6, the BoM noted a tropical low forming in the Timor Sea. It gradually intensified as it moved southwest before being designated Topical Low 23U. The storm rapidly improved and was upgraded to a Category 1 tropical cyclone by the BoM, naming the system
''Ilsa''. Ilsa went along the coast of
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
while steadily intensifying to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on April 12. Ilsa gradually tracked southwest before turning to the southeast where it further intensified to a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone. One minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) were estimated by the JTWC, making the system equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the SSHWS. The BoM also monitored record breaking
ten-minute sustained winds of 218 km/h (135 mph) in
Bedout Island
Bedout Island is a small Western Australian island on the Pilbara coast. It lies offshore from Larrey Point and the mouth of the De Grey River, and north-east of Port Hedland.
It was named by Baudin expedition to Australia, Baudin during his ...
, beating the previous record of
Cyclone George
Severe Tropical Cyclone George was one of the most powerful Australian tropical cyclones on record, attaining a minimum barometric pressure of 902 mbar (hPa; 26.64 inHg). It was also the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2007 ...
in 2007. In the late hours of April 13, Ilsa made landfall east of
Port Hedland
A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inla ...
. Ilsa rapidly weakened while inland, degenerated into a low, and dissipated on April 16. On April 30, the BoM noted a weak tropical low south of
Christmas Island
Christmas Island, officially the Territory of Christmas Island, is an States and territories of Australia#External territories, Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean comprising the island of the same name. It is about south o ...
.
July – December

The season officially began on November 1, however, the first system,
Cyclone Jasper
Severe Tropical Cyclone Jasper was the wettest tropical cyclone in Australian history, surpassing Cyclone Peter, Peter of 1979. The third disturbance of the 2023–24 South Pacific cyclone season and the first named storm and severe tropical cy ...
, would not be active until more than a month later, when it entered the basin as a tropical low. The low would become a named storm on December 5, receiving the name Jasper, and would intensify into the season's first severe tropical cyclone the next day. After a brief lull in activity, 03U would form, causing flooding in
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
and
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
. Followed with 03U, Tropical Storm Anggrek would form. It would peak as a Category 3 tropical cyclone on the
Australian scale, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the
Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, and later would become an intense cyclone. Anggrek exited the basin on January 25, continuing its trek in the Southwest Indian Ocean. While Anggrek would continue its trek, Tropical Storm Kirilly would form, peaking as a minimal severe tropical cyclone before making landfall on
Queensland
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...
.
South Pacific Ocean
January – June

On January 5, a tropical disturbance which was designated as
''03F'' formed near
New Caledonia
New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...
, becoming the first system to form in 2023. 03F dissipated two days later as it was in close proximity with nearby Cyclone Hale. On January 7,
Tropical Low 07U entered the basin from the Australian region, where it was reclassified as ''04F''. On the same day, the system strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone and was named
''Hale'' by the FMS. Hale struggled to intensify further due to moderate wind shear and became an extratropical cyclone as it approached New Zealand. Hale caused widespread flooding and slips in the northern and eastern parts of the country however, no fatalities were reported. Tropical Disturbance 05F formed on January 14 by the FMS, while it was still in the Australian basin. It briefly moved into the South Pacific basin and re-entered into the Australian basin. It later moved back into the South Pacific basin. After re-entering into the basin, the JTWC had upgraded the system to ''Cyclone 09P'', and the FMS named the system ''Irene'', as the system had reached tropical storm intensity. It began subtropical transition and completed it on January 19, in which the JTWC issued their final warning on the system. The tropical low that had formed in the Australian region on January 18 crossed over into the South Pacific basin, where the JTWC kept up its TCFA on the system. The FMS classified the system as ''Tropical Depression 06F''. The system dissipated on January 22, before its remnants reached New Zealand on
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...
.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle moved into the South Pacific basin on February 10. It reached peak intensity in this basin as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, and later made landfall on
Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island ( , ; ) is an States and territories of Australia, external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head, New South Wales, Evans Head and a ...
as a Category 2 tropical cyclone, and subsequently became subtropical, prompting the BoM and the JTWC to cease advisories, however the JTWC was still tracking it as ''Subtropical Storm 12P'' when it impacted New Zealand. It eventually became fully extratropical and the JTWC stopped tracking the system. Tropical Disturbance 08F formed just south of Samoa on February 23. It later intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, hence being assigned the name ''Judy''. It later intensified into a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone. On March 5 it became extratropical. On February 27 the
Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Government of Australia, Australian Government that is responsible for providing Weather forecasting, weather forecasts and Meteorology, meteorological services to Australia a ...
(BoM) had started tracking Tropical Low 18U on the Australian Region then it entered the South Pacific Basin where it intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone given the name ''Kevin''. It rapidly intensified into a Category 5 tropical cyclone just south-east of Vanuatu. It weakened to an extratropical cyclone on March 5. Both Judy and Kevin were major tropical cyclones when they struck Vanuatu only 48 hours apart from each other. Tropical Disturbance 10F formed on March 9 near
Niue
Niue is a self-governing island country in free association with New Zealand. It is situated in the South Pacific Ocean and is part of Polynesia, and predominantly inhabited by Polynesians. One of the world's largest coral islands, Niue is c ...
. On March 11, 11F formed to the west of Tonga, with 12F forming a bit after to the northeast of Vanuatu. Neither of the three systems developed further, with the three dissipating on March 13, 23 and 21, respectively. On April 15, a weak tropical low from the Australian Region moved into the South Pacific Basin, being designated as Tropical Disturbance 13F. However, it did not develop further and became extratropical on April 18.
On March 7, SENAMHI reported an "unorganized tropical cyclone" in the Peruvian Sea. They dubbed the unofficial system as
Cyclone Yaku
Cyclone Yaku was an unusual low-pressure system in the far Southeastern Pacific that impacted Ecuador and northern Peru in early March 2023. It has been described by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (SENAMHI) as an "unorg ...
. It dissipated on March 20. The system destroyed thousands of homes in Peru and killed eight people.
July – December

On October 19, the
Fiji Meteorological Service
The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based on the grounds of Nadi Airport in Nadi. The current director of Fiji Meteorological Service is Misaeli Funak ...
(FMS) reported that Tropical Disturbance 01F had developed out of an area of low pressure, about to the northeast of
Honiara
Honiara () is the capital and largest city of Solomon Islands, situated on the northwestern coast of Guadalcanal. , it had a population of 92,344 people. The city is served by Honiara International Airport and the seaport of Point Cruz, and lies ...
in the Solomon Islands.
At this time the system located in an area favourable for further development, with warm sea-surface temperatures of and low to moderate vertical windshear.
Over the next couple of days, the system gradually moved southwestward before the FMS classified it as a tropical depression. The cyclone drifted southward until an upper-level ridge forced the storm to the south. During the next day, it intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, with the FMS naming it as ''Lola''. Lola rapidly intensified into a Category 4 intensity was reached by 12:00 UTC that day, with Lola exhibiting maximum ten-minute sustained winds of . With convective rain bands wrapping into the circulation, the JTWC assessed Lola as having one-minute sustained winds of . At the same time, the FMS followed suit and upgraded the system to a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone. Lola's eye quickly disappeared, signaling a phase of rapid weakening. Lola made landfall in
Sowan, at around 03:00 UTC on October 25. During October 26, Lola degenerated into a tropical depression, before it was last noted the next day and the JTWC issued their final advisory on the storm.
After Lola dissipated, no systems formed until November 11, when the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 02F had formed near the Solomon Islands and moved towards Fiji. Although the disturbance was disorganized, it underwent further development due to warm sea surface temperatures and low to moderate vertical wind shear. By November 12, the system intensified into a tropical depression. Persistent deep convection caused the depression to organize as rainbands circulated around it center. It intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone later on November 13, with the FMS naming it Mal. Mal continued to strengthen over the favorable conditions as well as high
ocean heat content
Ocean heat content (OHC) or ocean heat uptake (OHU) is the energy absorbed and stored by oceans, and is thus an important indicator of global warming. Ocean heat content is calculated by measuring ocean temperature at many different locations and ...
.
Hot tower
A hot tower is a tropical cumulonimbus cloud that reaches out of the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere, and into the stratosphere. These formations are called "hot" because of the large amount of latent heat released as water vapor t ...
s also rose around the center of the storm, a sign of consolidation. On November 14, it intensified into a Category 2 tropical cyclone. As the storm continued to move southeast by the southwest edge of a subtropical ridge, Mal strengthened into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone at 12:00 UTC of the same day. On November 15, it began to weaken as it entered an environment of high wind shear. It later entered the New Zealand
MetService
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited, or simply MetService (), is the national meteorological service of New Zealand. MetService was established as a state-owned enterprise in 1992. It employs about 300 staff, and its headquarters are ...
's area of responsibility, where it was reclassified as an ex-tropical cyclone.
South Atlantic Ocean
On January 7, a subtropical depression formed about southeast of Rio de Janeiro. Without affecting any area and moving away from the Brazilian coast, it lost its subtropical characteristics in the afternoon of January 10, according to the Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center.
Mediterranean Sea
Two systems formed in the
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
in 2023. On January 21,
Storm Hannelore transitioned into a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in the
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Se ...
. The storm travelled west-northwest and made landfall in the
Rimini Province
The province of Rimini () is the southernmost province of the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rimini, one of the "seven sisters" of the historical region of Romagna.
The province borders the Adriatic Sea to its northe ...
, Italy early on January 22. Hannelore transitioned into an extratropical cyclone soon after landfall and no impacts from the system was reported. On September 9,
Storm Daniel
Storm Daniel, also known as Cyclone Daniel, was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that became the deadliest Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in recorded history, as well as one of the costliest tropical cyclones on record outside of the North ...
transitioned into a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in the
Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea (, ; or , ; , ) is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, ...
. It brought heavy rain and flooding to Greece, especially
Thessaly
Thessaly ( ; ; ancient Aeolic Greek#Thessalian, Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic regions of Greece, geographic and modern administrative regions of Greece, administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient Thessaly, a ...
region, before tracking south and making landfall in Libya on September 10. Daniel caused catastrophic flooding across the country, especially in the city of
Derna, where two dams failed and killed at least 4,000 people.
Systems
January

January was active, featuring twelve systems with five of them being named. From 2022,
Cyclone Ellie from the Australian region persisted into 2023. The first storm of the year started off with a short lived disturbance classified as
03F, which formed in the South Pacific basin. Shortly after 03F, a tropical low classified as
07U formed in the Australian basin and later entered the South Pacific basin. There, 07U strengthened into a tropical cyclone and was named
Hale by the
FMS; becoming the first named storm of the year. The northern part of New Zealand suffered minor flooding after Hale's remnants made landfall over the country on January 10, and one indirect fatality was reported. Four days later,
Irene
Irene is a name derived from εἰρήνη (eirēnē), Greek for "peace".
Irene, and related names, may refer to:
* Irene (given name)
Places
* Irene, Gauteng, South Africa
* Irene, South Dakota, United States
* Irene, Texas, United States
...
formed, becoming the second named storm in the basin. Irene passed near
New Caledonia
New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...
and Vanuatu however, no serious damage was reported. Moreover, in the Australian and South Pacific basins, four tropical lows classified as
06F,
10U,
11U, and
12U formed. The remnants of 06F contributed to major flooding in New Zealand which caused 4 fatalities. In the South-West Indian Ocean basin,
Cyclone Cheneso formed south of Diego Garcia and made landfall over northern Madagascar. After landfall, Cheneso's remnants reorganized in the
Mozambique Channel
The Mozambique Channel (, , ) is an arm of the Indian Ocean located between the Southeast African countries of Madagascar and Mozambique. The channel is about long and across at its narrowest point, and reaches a depth of about off the coa ...
and intensified into a Category 2 cyclone, becoming the strongest storm of the month. Cheneso devastated much of the country and destroyed many infrastructures due to its slow movement off the coast while reorganizing. As of January 31, 33 fatalities were reported from the cyclone. In the Atlantic, a non-tropical low developed over the
Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolin ...
in mid-January. During its routine post-operational review, the NHC concluded that from January 16 to 17, the system had been
a subtropical storm. Retroactively designated as the first storm of the season, though not given a name, the storm made landfall on the far northeastern coast of Nova Scotia just before it became a post-tropical low, which later dissipated over
far eastern Quebec. The Northern Indian Ocean basin also had an early start with a depression classified as
BOB 01 forming on January 30. In the South Atlantic, a subtropical depression formed off the coast of Brazil. The depression however, moved away from the coast and weakened. 11U moved into the Southwest Indian Ocean basin on February 9, where it was assigned the name ''Dingani''. It later intensified to Tropical Cyclone on the MFR's scale and Category 1 on the SSHWS. It eventually intensified to Tropical Cyclone status before turning southward and eventually transitioning into a post-tropical depression. The Mediterranean Sea featured
Cyclone Hannelore, a short-lived system in the Adriatic Sea.
February
February was active, featuring nine systems with five of them being named. The month started off with
Freddy, which
formed in the Australian Region on February 4. Freddy became a Category 4-equivalent cyclone before crossing into the South-West Indian Ocean basin. There, the MFR immediately classified Freddy as an intense tropical cyclone. The cyclone further intensified into a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone, becoming the first one of the year. Freddy continued travelling across the Indian Ocean before making landfall over Madagascar and Mozambique, killing at least 100 people. Unexpectedly, Freddy emerged back over the
Mozambique Channel
The Mozambique Channel (, , ) is an arm of the Indian Ocean located between the Southeast African countries of Madagascar and Mozambique. The channel is about long and across at its narrowest point, and reaches a depth of about off the coa ...
and restrengthed back into a cyclone. The cyclone then made its second landfall over Mozambique and dissipated on March 14; ending its erratic five-week lifespan. Freddy left severe destruction across its path and killed at least 1,400 people. Freddy also became the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record and was also the first cyclone since
Leon–Eline and
Hudah in
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
to travel across the entire Southern Indian Ocean. On February 6,
Cyclone Gabrielle
Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that devastated parts of the North Island of New Zealand and affected parts of Vanuatu and Norfolk Island in February 2023. It is the costliest tropical cyclone ...
formed in the Australian Region. As Gabrielle headed towards New Zealand, the cyclone reached its peak intensity as a category 3 cyclone. Gabrielle caused extensive damage across New Zealand and other nearby countries. Gabrielle became the costliest tropical cyclone on record in the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, the cyclone was the deadliest in New Zealand since 1968.
Cyclone Enala formed on February 19 in the Southern Indian Ocean and reached its peak as a category 1-equivalent cyclone. However, Enala had no effect on land.
Judy and
Kevin
Kevin is the anglicized form of the Irish masculine given name (; ; ; Latinized as ). It is composed of "dear; noble"; Old Irish and ("birth"; Old Irish ).
The variant ''Kevan'' is anglicised from , an Irish diminutive form.''A Dictiona ...
both formed in the South Pacific basin and intensified into major cyclones. The two cyclones later impacted Vanuatu. Four other weak tropical lows also formed in the Australian Region. Most were short lived and were no threat to land.
March

March was inactive, especially in terms of named storms, featuring nine systems with only two of them being named. The month also includes an unofficial cyclone named
Yaku which formed off the coast of Peru and Ecuador. In the Northern Pacific basin, a tropical depression formed on March 4 east of Singapore
near the equator, becoming the first storm of the year to form in the basin. The depression dissipated the next day. However, the storm killed four people after flooding parts of Malaysia. In the South Pacific basin, three tropical lows classified as
10F,
11F, and
12F formed and dissipated without causing serious damage. In the Australian basin, three systems formed with
Herman being the strongest storm of the month. Herman formed on March 29 and headed towards the Australian coast and later reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale. The cyclone however turned around and weakened due to dry air. Herman was last noted on April 5 by the JTWC. In the Southern Indian Ocean basin, a short lived depression classified as
09 formed on March 25 and dissipated two days later without affecting any landmass. Yaku, being an unofficial storm of the South Pacific basin unusually formed in the Southeastern Pacific near South America. The cyclone killed at least eight people and caused serious damage across Peru and Ecuador.
April

April was a very inactive month, featuring only five systems with two of them being named. The month started off with a disturbance forming in the Australian Region on April 5. The disturbance, which was classified as 23U was later named
Ilsa by the BoM on April 10. Ilsa continued on and reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 cyclone on both the Australian scale and the
SSHWS as it neared the Australian coast, becoming the strongest storm of the month. The cyclone made landfall east of
Port Hedland
A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inla ...
and weakened before it was last noted on April 16. In the Western Pacific basin, the JMA noted a low pressure area forming in the Philippine Sea on April 7. The low was later classified as a tropical depression after its structure slightly improved. As it entered the
PAR
Par may refer to:
Finance
* Par value, stated value or face value in finance and accounting
* Par yield or par rate, in finance
Games
* Par (score), the number of strokes a proficient golfer should require to complete a hole, round or tournament ...
, the depression was named
Amang by the PAGASA. Amang made three landfalls in Southern Luzon before weakening into a remnant low on April 3 due to dry air and wind shear. A week later, a tropical depression formed near
Pohnpei
Pohnpei (formerly known as Ponape or Ascension, from Pohnpeian: "upon (''pohn'') a stone altar (''pei'')") is an island of the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group. It belongs to Pohnpei State, one of the fou ...
. The depression later intensified into a tropical storm, where it was named
Sanvu by the JMA, becoming the first named storm in the basin. Sanvu however, failed to intensify further due to its poor structure and dissipated on April 25. In the South Pacific basin, a disturbance classified as
13F formed and entered the basin from the Australian basin. The disturbance however was poorly organized and never intensified further. On April 30, a weak tropical low, to the south of Christmas Island, was noted by the BoM.
May

May was a slightly inactive month in terms of named storms, featuring four systems with three of them being named. However, the number of intense tropical cyclones and the
ACE
An ace is a playing card, die or domino with a single pip. In the standard French deck, an ace has a single suit symbol (a heart, diamond, spade, or a club) located in the middle of the card, sometimes large and decorated, especially in the ...
were both far above normal. The month started off with a tropical depression, which formed in the
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (; Tausug: ''Dagat sin Sūg''; ; ) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipela ...
. The system crossed
Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest c ...
and entered the West Philippine Sea on May 5 before dissipating two days later. Moreover, in the West Pacific basin, a tropical depression formed near the
Chuuk Islands on May 19. On the next day, the JMA named the depression
Mawar. Mawar continued intensifying before intensifying into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, becoming the first typhoon to form in the basin. It later intensified into a Category 5-equivalent typhoon after striking
Guam
Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
, becoming the strongest storm of the month and currently worldwide. In the Northern Indian Ocean basin, the IMD began monitoring a tropical depression which formed in the
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region.
Many South Asian and Southe ...
on May 9. The system was later named
Mocha
Mocha may refer to:
Places
* Mokha, a city in Yemen
* Mocha Island, an island in Biobío Region, Chile
* Mocha, Chile, a town in Chile
* Mocha, Ecuador, a city in Ecuador
* Mocha Canton, a government subdivision in Ecuador
* Mocha, a segmen ...
by the IMD after intensifying into a tropical storm. Mocha continued strengthening further; eventually becoming a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone on the SSHWS scale. On May 14, the cyclone made landfall on Myanmar and rapidly weakened before it was last noted over China on the next day. Mocha caused heavy damage across Myanmar and Bangladesh and killed at least 400 people. In the South-West Indian Ocean basin, a disturbance formed close to the equator on May 12, east of Indonesia and to the south of strengthening Cyclone Mocha. The MFR later named the system
Fabien
Fabien is both a French given masculine name and a French surname. Notable people with the name include:
People with the given name Fabien:
*Fabien Audard (born 1978), French professional football (soccer) player
*Fabien Barthez (born 1971), ret ...
after reaching tropical storm status. Fabien reached its peak intensity as a Category 3-equivalent cyclone on May 15, becoming the latest tropical cyclone of that intensity, surpassing
Cyclone Billy-Lila of 1986 by 6 days. Fabien started to weaken on the next day due to wind shear and dry air. The cyclone degenerated into a remnant low and was last noted on May 21.
June

June was active, featuring nine systems with seven of them being named. An area of interest formed in the
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico () is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southw ...
on May 31. The disturbance quickly became better organized and at 21:00 UTC on June 1, the system was designated as Tropical Depression Two. A day later, the system strengthened into a tropical storm, and named ''Arlene''. On June 6, two tropical depressions formed in the Arabian Sea and in the Philippine Sea. The depression in the Philippine Sea later strengthened into ''Tropical Storm Guchol'' at 20:00 UTC. And in the Arabian Sea, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm, which received the name ''Biparjoy''. It rapidly intensified to become a category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone, becoming the strongest storm of the month. Later, on June 19, a tropical depression formed in the Atlantic, later receiving the name ''Bret'' when it attained tropical storm strength. Another tropical depression developed just a few days later, on June 22, receiving the name ''Cindy'' early the next day after being upgraded to a tropical storm. On June 25, in the Eastern Pacific, a depression formed near the coast of Mexico, which upon strengthening into a tropical storm three days later, was named ''Adrian.'' This system rapidly strengthen into a category 2 hurricane. Another area of low pressure formed near the southwest coast of Costa Rica on June 25. A few days later, the system organized as a tropical storm, assigned the name as ''Beatriz''.
July
July was average, featuring eight systems forming with six of them being named. The month started off with a disturbance, which formed off the coast of Southern Mexico on July 11. The disturbance became well organized several days later and it was later designated as ''Tropical Depression Three-E''. The next day, it strengthened and was named ''Calvin''. It then began to rapidly intensify and became the first major hurricane of the
2023 Pacific hurricane season
The 2023 Pacific hurricane season was an active and highly destructive Pacific hurricane season. In the Eastern Pacific basin (east of 140°W), 17 named storms formed; 10 of those became hurricanes, of which 8 strengthened into ...
at 15:00 UTC on July 14. In the Western Pacific, after several weeks of inactivity, on July 12, a tropical depression formed off the coast of
Aurora, Philippines
Aurora, officially the Province of Aurora (; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region, facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of Quezon, B ...
. It made landfall in
Dinapigue, Isabela
Dinapigue (, sometimes ), officially the Municipality of Dinapigue (; ; Tagalog/ Kasiguranin: ''Bayan ng Dinapigue''), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 5,821 people. ...
on the next day. Prior to exiting the PAR, the system gained the name ''Talim'' as it was upgraded into a tropical storm. In the Atlantic Ocean, a trough of low-pressure formed east-northeast of Bermuda. A well-defined center of circulation developed along with persistent deep convection early on July 14, prompting the NHC to classify it as Subtropical Storm Don early that morning. After weakening to a depression, Don became fully tropical and strengthened to become the first hurricane of the season. Another low pressure formed east of
Mindanao
Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
on July 19. 2 days later, JMA named the system as ''Doksuri''. Doksuri further intensified and peaked as a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon late on July 24, becoming the strongest storm of the month. Shortly after
Typhoon Doksuri
Typhoon Doksuri, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Egay, was a powerful and highly destructive tropical cyclone which became the costliest typhoon to hit China, the costliest tropical cyclone outside of the Atlantic hurricane, North Atl ...
reached its peak, a new depression formed to its east. On July 27, it received the name Khanun from the JMA, and on July 29, it received the name Falcon by the PAGASA. By the end of July,
Typhoon Khanun had become a category 4 equivalent typhoon. On July 31, ''Tropical Depression Five-E'' formed in the Eastern Pacific. It strengthened the next day, and was given the name ''Dora''. Soon thereafter, it rapidly intensified, becoming a Category 4 hurricane and tracked westward, where it entered the Central Pacific and passed well south of Hawaii on August 8, with trade winds that may have caused the Maui Fires. Later, on August 11, Hurricane Dora, now a category 2, crossed the International Date Line, entering the Northwestern Pacific basin as a typhoon. Dora finally dissipated on August 21.
August

August was above average, featuring nineteen systems forming with sixteen of them being named. The month started off with
Typhoon Khanun beginning to weaken. It stalled around the
Ryukyu Islands
The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, and began to head towards Japan. On August 8, it made landfall on Japan and Korea. On August 11, Khanun dissipated over North Korea. Additionally,
Deep Depression BOB 03 made landfall on the border of India and Bangladesh. On August 4, a
tropical depression
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
formed west of
Hainan
Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
. Then, on August 5, Tropical Depression Six-E formed in the eastern Pacific. It later intensified into
Tropical Storm Eugene.
However, Eugene began to quickly weaken after nearly reaching hurricane status. Another tropical depression had formed near
Minamitorishima
sometimes Minami-Tori-shima or Minami-Torishima, also known as Marcus Island, is an isolated Islands of Japan, Japanese coral atoll in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located some southeast of Tokyo and east of the closest Japanese island, Sout ...
in Japan. On August 8, it received the name
Lan
Lan or LAN may refer to:
Science and technology
* Local asymptotic normality, a fundamental property of regular models in statistics
* Longitude of the ascending node, one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space
* ...
. On August 13, Seven-E formed in the Eastern Pacific. The same day, it quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and was named
Fernanda
Fernanda is a Portuguese language, Portuguese, Spanish language, Spanish and Italian language, Italian feminine equivalent of Fernando, a male given name of Germanic peoples, Germanic origin, with an original meaning of "adventurous, bold journey ...
. Fernanda strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane the following day. Soon after, Fernanda became a Category 4 hurricane. On August 15, Tropical Depression Eight-E formed and intensified into
Tropical Storm Greg. On August 16, both Fernanda and Greg dissipated. The next day,
Hilary formed and moved northwest towards California. On August 20, Hilary made landfall on
the Baja California Peninsula and moved north into California. The day before,
Tropical Depression Six formed in the open Atlantic, it would eventually become ''Tropical Storm Gert'' on the 21st, dying off quickly but reforming on August 31. Also on the 20th, tropical storms
Emily
Emily may refer to:
* Emily (given name), including a list of people with the name
Music
* "Emily" (1964 song), title song by Johnny Mandel and Johnny Mercer to the film ''The Americanization of Emily''
* "Emily" (Dave Koz song), a 1990 song ...
and
Franklin
Franklin may refer to:
People and characters
* Franklin (given name), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (surname), including list of people and characters with the name
* Franklin (class), a member of a historic ...
formed, both in the Atlantic with Emily in the main development region, and Franklin south of Puerto Rico. As Franklin moved northwest, it made landfall on
Hispaniola
Hispaniola (, also ) is an island between Geography of Cuba, Cuba and Geography of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the second-largest by List of C ...
. When it re-emerged over the Atlantic Ocean, it rapidly intensified into a Category 4 Hurricane. On August 21, Tropical Depression
Nine
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding .
Evolution of the Hindu–Arabic digit
Circa 300 BC, as part of the Brahmi numerals, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bot ...
formed in the
Gulf Of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico () is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southw ...
. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Harold and quickly made landfall in Texas. The same day,
Severe Tropical Storm Damrey formed in the Western Pacific along with
Typhoon Saola forming the next day. Saola peaked as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon as it neared eastern Luzon, becoming the strongest storm of the month. On August 26,
Hurricane Idalia
Hurricane Idalia was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that caused significant damage across parts of the southeastern United States, especially in North Florida, in late August 2023. The ninth tropical cyclone naming, named storm, thi ...
formed in the Gulf Of Mexico and rapidly intensified into a Category 4, just like Franklin before making landfall in the Big Bend Region of Florida. On August 30, Idalia re-emerged over the Atlantic Ocean east of the Carolinas as a tropical storm, and soon downgraded to a Post-Tropical Cyclone. The day after Idalia formed, 2 systems formed in the Pacific Ocean. In the west,
Typhoon Haikui The name Haikui ( aɪ˨˩˦ kʰweɪ˧˥ has been used for three tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name was contributed by China and literally means "sea anemone" ( zh, c=, p=hǎikuí). It replaced "Longwang," which was retir ...
formed in the West Pacific Main Development Region. In the east,
Tropical Storm Irwin formed and moved west, before dying out due to unfavorable conditions for Tropical cyclogenesis on August 29.
On August 29, Tropical Storm
Kirogi formed in a similar place as Haikui, yet moved in a different direction. Along with Kirogi, Tropical Storms Jose and Katia formed in the Atlantic Ocean. Unfavorable conditions were battling this storm as it moved north, and then it was absorbed by Hurricane Franklin.
September
September was very active, featuring nineteen systems with twelve of them being named. The month also includes an unofficial cyclone named
Daniel
Daniel commonly refers to:
* Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname
* List of people named Daniel
* List of people with surname Daniel
* Daniel (biblical figure)
* Book of Daniel, a biblical apocalypse, "an account of the acti ...
which formed in the
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
. In the Atlantic, Hurricanes
Lee
Lee may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Lee'' (2007 film), Tamil-language sports action film
* ''Lee'' (2017 film), Kannada-language action film
* ''Lee'' (2023 film), biographical drama about Lee Miller, American photojournalist
* ''L ...
,
Margot Margot ( , ) is a feminine given name, a French language, French diminutive of Marguerite (given name), Marguerite that has long been used as an independent name. Variant spellings in use include Margo (given name), Margo and Margaux (name), Margaux ...
,
Nigel
Nigel ( ) is an English masculine given name.
The English ''Nigel'' is found in records dating from the Middle Ages; however, it was not used much before being revived by 19th-century antiquarians. For instance, Walter Scott published '' The F ...
, as well as Tropical Storms,
Ophelia
Ophelia () is a character in William Shakespeare's drama ''Hamlet'' (1599–1601). She is a young noblewoman of Denmark, the daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes and potential wife of Prince Hamlet. Due to Hamlet's actions, Ophelia ultima ...
,
Philippe Philippe is a masculine given name, cognate to Philip, and sometimes also a surname. The name may refer to:
* Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present)
* Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer
* Prince ...
, and
Rina
Rina or RINA may refer to:
__NOTOC__ People and fictional characters
* Rina (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Kento Rina, Indian politician
* Mahfuza Rahman Rina, Bangladeshi politician
* Tongam Rina (born 1979), Indian jo ...
formed. Ophelia made landfall over
North Carolina
North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...
while Philippe affected several countries in the Caribbean. Lee on the other hand, intensified into a Category 5 hurricane over the open Atlantic before making landfall over
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...
, becoming the strongest storm of the month. In the Eastern Pacific,
Hurricane Jova The name Jova has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
* Hurricane Jova (1981) – Category 1 hurricane that passed north of Hawaii as a tropical depression
* Hurricane Jova (1987) – Category 2 hurricane that sta ...
,
Tropical Storm Kenneth, as well as two short-lived depressions formed. Jova reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 and became one of the fastest intensifying tropical cyclones on record in the basin. Kenneth on the other hand, had no effect on land. In the Western Pacific,
Typhoon Koinu,
Tropical Storm Yun-yeung
Tropical Storm Yun-yeung, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ineng was a weak tropical storm which affected Japan in early September 2023. The twentieth tropical depression and thirteenth tropical storm of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season, ...
and five weak depressions formed. Koinu reached its peak intensity as a Category 4 typhoon and passed south of Taiwan before impacting the
Pearl River Delta
The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, ...
while Yun-yeung brought heavy rainfall across Japan, disrupting several train services. In the North Indian basin, a low pressure area, which was classified as
ARB 02, was noted off the Konkan coast on September 30. The depression however dissipated the next day. Daniel, which formed in the Mediterranean Sea, caused severe destruction across Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria and particularly Libya. The storm killed at least 10,028 people in Libya alone, becoming the deadliest Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone in recorded history, and the deadliest cyclone since
Typhoon Haiyan
Typhoon Haiyan, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Yolanda, was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that is among List of the most intense tropical cyclones, the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded. Upon ...
in 2013.
October

October was slightly active, featuring thirteen systems with twelve of them being named. In the Atlantic,
Tropical Storm Sean formed off the coast of Africa.
Hurricane Tammy would later form, and make landfall on the Leeward Islands, before intensifying into a Category 2 hurricane.
Tropical Depression Twenty-One would also form, though would shortly landfall on Central America. In the Eastern Pacific, Hurricanes
Lidia,
Norma Norma may refer to:
* Norma (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name)
** Norma Lizbeth Ramos, a Mexican bullying victim
Astronomy
*Norma (constellation)
* 555 Norma, a minor asteroid
* Cygnus Arm or Norma Arm, a spiral ...
,
Otis and Tropical Storms
Max
Max or MAX may refer to:
Animals
* Max (American dog) (1983–2013), at one time purported to be the world's oldest living dog
* Max (British dog), the first pet dog to win the PDSA Order of Merit (animal equivalent of the OBE)
* Max (gorilla) ...
and
Pilar formed, with all storms except Pilar made landfall over Mexico, with Otis in particular being devastating, due to it making landfall on
Acapulco
Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco ( , ; ), is a city and Port of Acapulco, major seaport in the Political divisions of Mexico, state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City. Located on a deep, semicirc ...
as a Category 5 hurricane. In the Western Pacific,
Typhoon Bolaven formed and rapidly intensified into a Category-5 equivalent super typhoon. Bolaven affecting Micronesia and Northern Mariana Islands, with no significant damage. Meanwhile, Sanba would also form shortly after, before making landfall on South China. In the North Indian Ocean, cyclones
Tej and
Hamoon formed, both making landfall on Yemen and Bangladesh, respectively. In the South Pacific,
Cyclone Lola became the third cyclone of the year to impact Vanuatu, causing major damage.
November

November was unusually below average, with only four systems forming, three of them being named. In the South Pacific,
Mal formed, then affected Fiji. Peaking as a category-3 severe tropical cyclone, it became the strongest storm of the month. In the Western Pacific,
17W formed, and caused no effect on land. It was followed by
Midhili in the Indian Ocean which made landfall in Bangladesh. The month closed with
Ramon, a storm from the Eastern Pacific.
December

December was a below average month, with only four systems forming, all of them being named. In the Australian region,
Cyclone Jasper
Severe Tropical Cyclone Jasper was the wettest tropical cyclone in Australian history, surpassing Cyclone Peter, Peter of 1979. The third disturbance of the 2023–24 South Pacific cyclone season and the first named storm and severe tropical cy ...
formed, peaked as a severe tropical cyclone, and made landfall in
Cairns
Cairns (; ) is a city in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia, on the tropical north east coast of Far North Queensland. In the , Cairns had a population of 153,181 people.
The city was founded in 1876 and named after William Cairns, Sir W ...
, Australia, later becoming the wettest cyclone on record to impact the country. In the Western Pacific, Tropical Storm Jelawat formed, later bringing minor impacts to the Philippines before dissipating. It was followed by
Cyclone Michaung
Severe Cyclonic Storm Michaung () was a moderate tropical cyclone which formed in the Bay of Bengal during the 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Michaung originated as a low-pressure area in the Gulf of Thailand which crossed into the Bay o ...
in the North Indian Ocean, which made landfall in southern India. Finally,
Tropical Storm Alvaro formed in the South-West Indian Ocean.
Global effects
There are a total of nine
tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
, seven are seasonal and two are non-seasonal, thus all seven basins except the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...
and
South Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for ...
are active. In this table, data from all these basins are added. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident).
See also
*
Tropical cyclones by year
The following is a list of tropical cyclones by year. Since the year 957, there have been at least 12,791 recorded tropical and subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, which are known as basins. Collectively, tropica ...
*
List of earthquakes in 2023
*
Tornadoes in 2023
*
Weather of 2023
The following is a list of weather events that occurred on Earth in the year 2023. The year saw a transition from La Niña to El Niño, with record high global average surface temperatures. There were several natural disasters around the world f ...
Notes
References
External links
{{Tropical cyclone season, 2023
Tropical cyclones by year