''Titanoeca'' is a genus of spiders that occurs mainly in

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

, with three species found only in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

(''T. americana'', ''T. brunnea'', ''T. nigrella''). One species (''T. nivalis'') has a

holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

distribution, and ''T. guayaquilensis'' is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

. The species formerly known as ''Titanoeca obscura'' was renamed to '' T. quadriguttata''.

Species

* '' Titanoeca altaica'' Song & Zhou, 1994 — China * '' Titanoeca americana'' Emerton, 1888 — North America * '' Titanoeca asimilis'' Song & Zhu, 1985 — Russia,

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

, China * ''

Titanoeca brunnea ''Titanoeca brunnea'' is a species of true spider in the family Titanoecidae Titanoecidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. It is fairly widespread in the New World and Eurasia with five genera and ...

'' Emerton, 1888 — United States, Canada * '' Titanoeca caucasica'' Dunin, 1985 —

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

* '' Titanoeca decorata'' Yin & Bao, 2001 — China * '' Titanoeca eca'' Marusik, 1995 —

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

* '' Titanoeca flavicoma'' L. Koch, 1872 — Palearctic * '' Titanoeca guayaquilensis'' Schmidt, 1971 — Ecuador * ''

Titanoeca gyirongensis ''Titanoeca'' is a genus of spiders that occurs mainly in Eurasia, with three species found only in North America (''T. americana'', ''T. brunnea'', ''T. nigrella''). One species (''T. nivalis'') has a holarctic distribution, and ''T. guayaquile ...

'' Hu, 2001 — China * '' Titanoeca hispanica'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Spain, France * '' Titanoeca incerta'' (Nosek, 1905) —

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

* '' Titanoeca lehtineni'' Fet, 1986 —

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

* '' Titanoeca lianyuanensis'' Xu, Yin & Bao, 2002 — China * '' Titanoeca liaoningensis'' Zhu, Gao & Guan, 1993 — China * '' Titanoeca mae'' Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2002 — China * '' Titanoeca minuta'' Marusik, 1995 — Kazakhstan * '' Titanoeca monticola'' (Simon, 1870) —

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, Spain, France * '' Titanoeca nigrella'' (Chamberlin, 1919) — North America * '' Titanoeca nivalis'' Simon, 1874 — Holarctic * '' Titanoeca palpator'' Hu & Li, 1987 — China * '' Titanoeca praefica'' (Simon, 1870) — Spain, France,

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

, Russia * '' Titanoeca psammophila'' Wunderlich, 1993 — Central Europe * '' Titanoeca quadriguttata'' (Hahn, 1833) — Palearctic * '' Titanoeca schineri'' L. Koch, 1872 — Palearctic * '' Titanoeca transbaicalica'' Danilov, 1994 — Russia * '' Titanoeca tristis'' L. Koch, 1872 — Europe to Central Asia * '' Titanoeca turkmenia'' Wunderlich, 1995 —

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

, Turkmenistan * '' Titanoeca ukrainica'' Guryanova, 1992 —

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

* '' Titanoeca veteranica'' Herman, 1879 — Eastern Europe to Central Asia * '' Titanoeca zyuzini'' Marusik, 1995 — Russia, Mongolia

References

* Platnick, Norman I. (2008).
The world spider catalog
', version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History. Titanoecidae Araneomorphae genera Spiders of Europe Spiders of Asia Spiders of North America Spiders of South America {{Titanoecidae-stub