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Timothy I of Constantinople or ''Timotheus I'' (
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
: Τιμόθεος; died 5 April 518) was a
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deity, deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in parti ...
who was appointed
patriarch of Constantinople The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople () is the archbishop of Constantinople and (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that comprise the Eastern Orthodox Church. The ecumenical patriarch is regarded as ...
by the
Byzantine emperor The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which Fall of Constantinople, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised s ...
Anastasius I Dicorus Anastasius I Dicorus (; – 9 July 518) was Roman emperor from 491 to 518. A career civil servant, he came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by Ariadne, the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His reign was characterized by refor ...
in 511.


Early career

Timothy was a Christian priest and keeper of the ornaments of the cathedral. Two
liturgical Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...
innovations are attributed to him, the prayers on
Good Friday Good Friday, also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday, or Friday of the Passion of the Lord, is a solemn Christian holy day commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary (Golgotha). It is observed during ...
at the church of the Virgin and the recital of the
Nicene Creed The Nicene Creed, also called the Creed of Constantinople, is the defining statement of belief of Nicene Christianity and in those Christian denominations that adhere to it. The original Nicene Creed was first adopted at the First Council of N ...
at every service, although the last is also ascribed to
Peter the Fuller Peter the Fuller was Patriarch of Antioch (471–488) and a Non-Chalcedonian. Peter received his surname from his former trade as a fuller of cloth. Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont (''Empereurs'', tome vi, p. 404) considers that Peter ...
. The British historian F. H. Blackburne Daniel considered him to be a man of bad character, as Timothy allegedly adopted the
Non-Chalcedonian Non-Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept and uphold theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the council following Ephesus, held in 451. Non-Chalcedonian denominations reject the Chr ...
doctrines out of ambition rather than conviction.


Patriarch of Constantinople

He sent circular letters to all the bishops, which he requested them to subscribe and assent to the deposition of Macedonius II of Constantinople. Some assented to both, others neither, while others subscribed to the letters but refused to assent to the deposition. Certain
Non-Chalcedonians Non-Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept and uphold theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the council following Ephesus, held in 451. Non-Chalcedonian denominations reject the Christ ...
, such as Pope John II (III) of Alexandria,
patriarch of Alexandria The Patriarch of Alexandria is the archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt. Historically, this office has included the designation "pope" (etymologically "Father", like "Abbot"). The Alexandrian episcopate was revered as one of the three major epi ...
, whose name he had inserted in the
diptych A diptych (, ) is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by a hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a ...
s, at first stood aloof from him, because, though he accepted the '' Henotikon'', he did not reject the
Council of Chalcedon The Council of Chalcedon (; ) was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian. The council convened in the city of Chalcedon, Bithynia (modern-day Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey) from 8 Oct ...
, and for the same reason
Flavian II of Antioch Flavian II of Antioch (; , ''Phlabianós II Antiokheías'') was the Patriarch of Antioch from 498 until his deposition and subsequent banishment in 512. Biography Flavian was a Monk under the Rule of St Basil at the Monastery of Tilmognon and ...
and
Elias I of Jerusalem Elias of Jerusalem (d. c. 518) was a bishop and Patriarch of Jerusalem from 494 until he was deposed by Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I in 516 for supporting the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. Elias was an Arab, by birth, who had been educat ...
at first communicated with him. Timothy was appointed
patriarch of Constantinople The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople () is the archbishop of Constantinople and (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that comprise the Eastern Orthodox Church. The ecumenical patriarch is regarded as ...
by the Roman Emperor
Anastasius I Dicorus Anastasius I Dicorus (; – 9 July 518) was Roman emperor from 491 to 518. A career civil servant, he came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by Ariadne, the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His reign was characterized by refor ...
in 511, the day after Macedonius II was deposed as patriarch. When
Severus of Antioch Severus of Antioch (; ), also known as Severus of Gaza, or the Crown of Syrians (; ), was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 512 until his death in 538. He is venerated as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Church ...
became
patriarch of Antioch The Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). As the traditional "overseer" (, , from which the word ''bishop'' is derived) of the first gentile Christian community, the position has ...
, he assembled a
synod A synod () is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word '' synod'' comes from the Ancient Greek () ; the term is analogous with the Latin word . Originally, ...
which condemned that council, after which act Severus communicated with him. Timothy I sent the decrees of his synod to
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
, where Elias refused to receive them. Timothy I then incited Anastasius I to depose him. cites Liberat., 18, 19;
Giovanni Domenico Mansi Gian (Giovanni) Domenico Mansi (16 February 1692 – 27 September 1769) was an Italian prelate, theologian, scholar and historian, known for his massive works on the Ecumenical council, Church councils. Biography He was born at Lucca, of a pa ...
, viii, 375
He also induced the emperor to persecute the clergy, monks, and laity who adhered to Macedonius II, many of whom were banished to the Oasis in the
Thebaid The Thebaid or Thebais (, ''Thēbaïs'') was a region in ancient Egypt, comprising the 13 southernmost nome (Egypt), nomes of Upper Egypt, from Abydos, Egypt, Abydos to Aswan. Pharaonic history The Thebaid acquired its name from its proximit ...
. His emissaries to Alexandria anathematised from the pulpit the council of Chalcedon. Within a year of his accession Timothy I directed that the '' Ter Sanctus'' should be recited with the addition of "Who was crucified for us", which led to disturbances in two churches, in which many were slain over 4 and 5 November, and to a terrible riot the following day which nearly caused the deposition of the Emperor Anastasius I. Timothy I died on 5 April 518.


Notes and references


Attribution

* * cites: **
Victor of Tunnuna Victor of Tunnuna (Latin ''Victor Tunnunensis'') (died ) was Bishop of the North African town of Tunnuna and a chronicler from Late antiquity. He was also considered a martyr by Isidore of Seville. Life The only source on Victor's life is his ow ...
, ''Chronicle''; **
Marcellinus Comes Marcellinus Comes (Greek: Μαρκελλίνος ό Κόμης, died c. 534) was a Latin chronicler of the Eastern Roman Empire. An Illyrian by birth, he spent most of his life at the court of Constantinople. His only surviving work, the ''Chroni ...
, ''Chronicle''; **
Theodoret Theodoret of Cyrus or Cyrrhus (; AD 393 –  458/466) was an influential theologian of the School of Antioch, biblical commentator, and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus (423–457). He played a pivotal role in several 5th-century Byzantine ...
, ''Orations'', ii, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33; ** Evagrius Scholasticus, iii, 33; **
Theophanes the Confessor Theophanes the Confessor (; 759 – 817 or 818) was a member of the Byzantine aristocracy who became a monk and chronicler. He served in the court of Emperor Leo IV the Khazar before taking up the religious life. Theophanes attended the Second C ...
, ''Chronicle''; **
Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont (30 November 163710 January 1698) was a French ecclesiastical historian. Life He was born in Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, l ...
, ''Mém. eccl.'', xvi, 691, 698, 728. {{DEFAULTSORT:Timothy 01 Of Constantinople, Patriarch 523 deaths 6th-century patriarchs of Constantinople Year of birth unknown