The following is a

timeline A timeline is a list of events displayed in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representing t ...

of the

history History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...

of the city of

Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

Prior to 20th century

* * 100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." * 570 CE -

Year of the Elephant The ʿām al-fīl (, Year of the Elephant) is the name in Islamic history for the year approximately equating to 570–571 CE. According to Islamic resources, it was in this year that prophet Mohammad was born.Hajjah Adil, Amina, "''Prophet ...

and the birth of

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

. * 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. * 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. * 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

, with followers ( muhajirun). * 7th C. -

Masjid al-Haram Masjid al-Haram (), also known as the Sacred Mosque or the Great Mosque of Mecca, is considered to be the most significant mosque in Islam. It encloses the vicinity of the Kaaba in Mecca, in the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia. It is among the ...

architectural components began. * 625-629 : Pilgrim mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by early disciples of Muhammad. **

Pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a travel, journey to a holy place, which can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life. A pilgrim (from the Latin ''peregrinus'') is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) w ...

of Muslims to Mecca per Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. ** 11 December: Liberation of Mecca. * 683 / 63-64 H -

Siege of Mecca (683) The siege of Mecca in September–November 683 was one of the early battles of the Second Fitna. The city of Mecca was a sanctuary for Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, who was among the most prominent challengers to the dynastic succession to the Cali ...

; Kaaba burnt. * 692 - Siege of Mecca (692). * 751 - Milestones installed along the (

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

-Mecca road). * 793 -

Harun al-Rashid Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad ar-Rāshīd (), or simply Hārūn ibn al-Mahdī (; or 766 – 24 March 809), famously known as Hārūn al-Rāshīd (), was the fifth Abbasid caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from September 786 unti ...

visits city. * 810 - Aqueduct built. * 930 - City sacked by Qarmatians;

Black Stone The Black Stone () is a rock set into the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the ancient building in the center of the Masjid al-Haram, Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is revered by Muslims as an Islamic relic which, according to Muslim tradi ...

taken out of Mecca. * 951 -

returned to Mecca "for a great ransom". * 1184 - Traveller Ibn Jubayr visits city. * 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power. * 1326 - Traveller

Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (; 24 February 13041368/1369), was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn ...

visits Mecca. * 1517 -

Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...

in power;

Selim I Selim I (; ; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is ...

becomes

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques His Majesty the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (abbreviated as CTHM; ), or Protector of the Two Holy Cities, is a Royal and noble styles, royal style that has been used officially by the King of Saudi Arabia, monarchs of Saudi Arabia since 19 ...

. * 1630 - Flood. * 1631 -

Kaaba The Kaaba (), also spelled Kaba, Kabah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaba al-Musharrafa (), is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and Holiest sites in Islam, holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Sa ...

rebuilt. * 1802/1803 - Mecca "captured by the Sa'udi-Wahhabi army." * 1812/1813 - Wahhabis ousted by Egyptian forces. * 1840 - Ottomans in power again. * 1855 - The Hejaz rebellion takes place in Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire, and results in riots in both Mecca and Jeddah. * 1878 - Population estimated by Assistant-Surgeon ʽAbd el-Razzāq at 50,000 to 60,000. * 1880 - 21 March: Sharif assassinated. * 1885 - Population: 45,000 (estimate). * 1886 - Printing press in use (approximate date).

20th century

* 1908 / 1325-1326 H ** September: Hejaz Railway (

Damascus Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...

-Mecca) begins operating. ** Hussein bin Ali becomes sharif. ** ''Al-Hijaz'' government newspaper begins publication. * 1912 - Madrasat al-Falah established. * 1916 / 1334-1335 H ** June–July: Battle of Mecca (1916). ** Hashimite ''al-Qibla'' government newspaper begins publication. * 1921 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate). * 1924 / 1342-1343 H ** Battle of Mecca (1924). ** 12 December: ''Umm al-Qura'' government newspaper begins publication. ** Population: 60,000 (approximate estimate). ** Ali of Hejaz becomes sharif. * 1925 - City becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. * 1926 - Al Adl cemetery and al-Mahad al-Ilmi Suudi (school) established. * 1929 - Amanat al-Asima (municipality) established. * 1931 / 1349-1350 H - Public library founded (approximate date). * 1932 - Dar al-Hadith (school) established. * 1930s - Aziziyya, Faysaliyya, Khayriyya, and Suudiyya schools established (approximate date). * 1938 - Maktabat al-Haram (library) active. *1941 - Flood * 1945 - Al-Wehda Club (sport club) formed. * 1949 / 1368-1369 H - Kulliyyat al-Sharia (college) established. * 1951 - College of Education established. * 1958 - '' Al Nadwa (newspaper)'' newspaper begins publication. * 1960 - Police academy established. * 1962 ** Slavery abolished. ** Population: 158,908. * 1964 / 1383-1384 H ** Malcolm X visits city. **

expanded. * 1966 - Mahad al-Nur (school) established. *1969 - Flood. * 1972 - Hajj televised. * 1973 - "Master Plan for the Holy City of Mecca" launched. * 1974 - Population: 366,801. * 1975 - Fire in Mina. * 1979 - 20 November-4 December: Grand Mosque seizure. * 1981 - Umm al-Qura University established. * 1986 - King Abdul Aziz Stadium opens. * 1987 - 31 July: 1987 Mecca incident. * 1992 - Population: 965,697. * 1997 - 16 April: Mecca fire of 1997.

21st century

* 2005 - April: 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games held in city. * 2006 / 1426-1427 H ** 5 January: 2006 Mecca hostel collapse. ** 12 January: 2006 Hajj stampede. ** December: Abraj al Bait Mall in business. * 2007 - Jamaraat Bridge for pedestrians rebuilt. * 2010 ** Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro begins operating. ** Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel in business. ** 1,534,731. * 2012 ** August: Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference held in city. ** Abraj Al Bait built. * 2013 - Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud becomes governor of

Mecca Province Mecca Province (, ), officially Makkah Province, is one of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia. It is the third-largest province by area at and the most populous with a population of 8,557,766 as of 2017, of which 4,041,189 were foreign nationals ...

. * 2014 / 1435-1436 H - Raffles Makkah Palace hotel and Swissôtel Makkah in business. * 2015 ** 13 July: City visible via Snapchat imagery. ** September: Mecca crane collapse.

References

Bibliography

;Published in 18th-19th centuries * * * * * *
v.2
* * * ;Published in 20th century * * * * * (fulltext) * * * * Francis Edward Peters. ''Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land'', Princeton University Press, (1994) * * * ;Published in 21st century * * * * *

External links