''Tilletia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
smut fungi
The smuts are multicellular fungus, fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for 'dirt' because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycet ...
in the
Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are
plant pathogen
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like orga ...
s that affect various
grasses
Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in ...
. ''
Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of
wheat
Wheat is a group of wild and crop domestication, domesticated Poaceae, grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are Agriculture, cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known Taxonomy of wheat, whe ...
, and ''
Tilletia horrida'', responsible for
rice kernel smut, are examples of species that affect economically important crops.
[
The widespread genus contains about 175 species.][ The genus was circumscribed by ]Edmond Tulasne
Louis René Étienne Tulasne, a.k.a. Edmond Tulasne (12 September 1815 – 22 December 1885) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Azay-le-Rideau.
He originally studied law at Poitiers, but his interest later turned to botany. As a youn ...
and Charles Tulasne
Charles Tulasne (5 September 1816 – 28 August 1884) was a French physician, mycologist and illustrator born in Langeais in the département of Indre-et-Loire.
He received his medical doctorate in 1840 and practiced medicine in Paris until 185 ...
in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser.3, vol.7 on page 112 in 1847.
The genus was named after a agronomist
An agriculturist, agriculturalist, agrologist, or agronomist (abbreviated as agr.) is a professional in the science, practice, and management of agriculture and agribusiness. It is a regulated profession in Canada, India, the Philippines, the Uni ...
from France, Mathieu Tillet (1714–1791).
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
;Tilletia acroceratis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia aegopogonis''
* '' Tilletia ahmadiana''
* '' Tilletia airae-caespitosae''
* ''Tilletia airina
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia alopecuri
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia anthoxanthi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia apludae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia aristidae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia arthraxonis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia arundinellae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia asperifolia
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* ''Tilletia asperifolioides
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* ''Tilletia australiensis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia avenastri''
* '' Tilletia baldratii''
* '' Tilletia bambusae''
* '' Tilletia banarasae''
* '' Tilletia bangalorensis''
* '' Tilletia barclayana''
* '' Tilletia beckerae''
* '' Tilletia belgradensis''
* '' Tilletia biharica''
* '' Tilletia bolayi''
* '' Tilletia boliviana''
* '' Tilletia boliviensis''
* '' Tilletia bornmuelleri''
* '' Tilletia boutelouae''
* '' Tilletia buchloëana''
* '' Tilletia brachiariae''
* '' Tilletia brachypodii-mexicani''
* '' Tilletia brachypodii-ramosi''
* '' Tilletia brefeldii''
* '' Tilletia bromi''
* '' Tilletia bromina''
* '' Tilletia bromi-tectorum''
* '' Tilletia bungalorense''
* '' Tilletia cape-yorkensis''
* '' Tilletia caries''
* '' Tilletia catapodii''
* '' Tilletia cathcartae''
* '' Tilletia cathesteci''
* '' Tilletia cerebrina''
* '' Tilletia challinorae''
* '' Tilletia chiangmaiensis''
* '' Tilletia chionachnes''
* '' Tilletia chloridicola''
* '' Tilletia chrysosplenium''
* '' Tilletia colombiana''
* ''Tilletia controversa
''Tilletia controversa'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the Smut (fungus), smut disease TCK smut in soft white winter wheat, soft white and hard red winter wheat, hard red winter wheats. It stunts the growth of the plan ...
''
* '' Tilletia corona''
* '' Tilletia courtetiana''
* '' Tilletia cynodontis''
* '' Tilletia cynosuri''
* '' Tilletia dacamarae''
* '' Tilletia dactyloctenii''
* '' Tilletia decamarae''
* '' Tilletia deyeuxiae''
* '' Tilletia digitariicola''
* '' Tilletia durangensis''
* '' Tilletia earlei''
* '' Tilletia echinochloae''
* '' Tilletia ehrhartae''
* '' Tilletia eleusines''
* '' Tilletia elizabethae''
* '' Tilletia elymandrae''
* '' Tilletia elymi''
* '' Tilletia elymicola''
* '' Tilletia elytrophori''
* '' Tilletia eragrostidis''
* '' Tilletia eragrostiellae''
* '' Tilletia eremopoae''
* '' Tilletia fahrendorfii''
* '' Tilletia festiva''
* '' Tilletia festuca-octoflorana''
* '' Tilletia filisora''
* '' Tilletia flectens''
* '' Tilletia fusca''
* '' Tilletia geeringii''
* '' Tilletia gigacellularis''
* '' Tilletia goloskokovii''
* '' Tilletia guyotiana''
* '' Tilletia haynaldiae''
* '' Tilletia holci''
* '' Tilletia hordei''
* '' Tilletia hordeina''
* '' Tilletia hypsophila''
* '' Tilletia imbecillis''
* '' Tilletia indica''
* '' Tilletia inolens''
* '' Tilletia intermedia''
* '' Tilletia iowensis''
* '' Tilletia isachnes''
* '' Tilletia isachnicola''
* '' Tilletia ischaemi''
* '' Tilletia ixophori''
* '' Tilletia japonica''
* '' Tilletia kenyana''
* '' Tilletia kimberleyensis''
* '' Tilletia kuznetzoviana''
* '' Tilletia lachnagrostidis''
* '' Tilletia laevis''
* '' Tilletia lageniformis''
* '' Tilletia laguri''
* '' Tilletia lepturi''
* '' Tilletia lineata''
* ''Tilletia lolioli
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ke ...
''
* '' Tilletia lycuroides''
* '' Tilletia lyei''
* '' Tilletia maclaganii''
* '' Tilletia macrotuberculata''
* '' Tilletia mactaggartii''
* '' Tilletia madeirensis''
* '' Tilletia majuscula''
* '' Tilletia makutensis''
* '' Tilletia marjaniae''
* '' Tilletia mauritiana''
* '' Tilletia melicae''
* '' Tilletia menieri''
* '' Tilletia mexicana''
* '' Tilletia micrairae''
* '' Tilletia microtuberculata''
* '' Tilletia milii-vernalis''
* '' Tilletia montana''
* '' Tilletia montemartinii''
* '' Tilletia muhlenbergiae''
* '' Tilletia narasimhanii''
* '' Tilletia narayanaraoana''
* '' Tilletia narduri''
* '' Tilletia nigrifaciens''
* '' Tilletia obscuroreticulata''
* '' Tilletia oklahomae''
* '' Tilletia olida''
* '' Tilletia opaca''
* '' Tilletia oplismeni-cristati''
* '' Tilletia pachyderma''
* ''Tilletia pallida
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia palpera''
* '' Tilletia pancicii''
* '' Tilletia panici''
* '' Tilletia panici-humilis''
* '' Tilletia paradoxa''
* '' Tilletia paspali''
* '' Tilletia patagonica''
* '' Tilletia pennisetina''
* '' Tilletia perotidis''
* '' Tilletia phalaridis''
* '' Tilletia poae''
* '' Tilletia polypogonis''
* '' Tilletia poonensis''
* '' Tilletia prostrata''
* '' Tilletia pseudochaetochloae''
* '' Tilletia pseudoraphidis''
* '' Tilletia puccinelliae''
* '' Tilletia puneana''
* '' Tilletia redfieldiae''
* '' Tilletia robeana''
* '' Tilletia rostrariae''
* '' Tilletia rugispora''
* '' Tilletia sabaudiae''
* ''Tilletia salzmannii
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for ri ...
''
* '' Tilletia savilei''
* '' Tilletia schenckiana''
* '' Tilletia scrobiculata''
* '' Tilletia secalis''
* '' Tilletia sehimatis''
* '' Tilletia sehimicola''
* '' Tilletia separata''
* '' Tilletia serbica''
* '' Tilletia sesleriae''
* '' Tilletia setariae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-palmiflorae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-parviflorae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-pumilae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-viridis''
* '' Tilletia setariicola''
* '' Tilletia shivasii''
* '' Tilletia sleumeri''
* '' Tilletia sphaerocarpa''
* '' Tilletia sphaerococca''
* '' Tilletia sphenopodis''
* '' Tilletia spinulosa''
* '' Tilletia spodiopogonis''
* '' Tilletia sporoboli''
* '' Tilletia sterilis''
* '' Tilletia subfusca''
* '' Tilletia sumatii''
* '' Tilletia taiana''
* '' Tilletia tanzanica''
* '' Tilletia texana''
* '' Tilletia thailandica''
* '' Tilletia themedae-anatherae''
* '' Tilletia themedicola''
* '' Tilletia thirumalacharii''
* '' Tilletia togwateei''
* '' Tilletia trachypogonis''
* '' Tilletia transiliensis''
* '' Tilletia transvaalensis''
* '' Tilletia tripogonellae''
* '' Tilletia tripogonis''
* '' Tilletia triraphidis''
* '' Tilletia triticina''
* '' Tilletia tritici-repentis''
* '' Tilletia tuberculata''
* '' Tilletia tumefaciens''
* '' Tilletia vankyi''
* '' Tilletia velenovskyi''
* '' Tilletia ventenatae''
* '' Tilletia verrucosa''
* '' Tilletia vetiveriae''
* '' Tilletia viennotii''
* '' Tilletia vittata''
* '' Tilletia walkeri''
* '' Tilletia whiteochloae''
* '' Tilletia wilcoxiana''
* '' Tilletia xerochloae''
* '' Tilletia yakirrae''
* '' Tilletia youngii''
* '' Tilletia zonata''
* '' Tilletia zundelii''
* '' Tilletiaria anomala''
Former species;Ustilaginoidea virens
''Ustilaginoidea virens'', perfect sexual stage ''Villosiclava virens'',Tanaka, Eiji, Taketo Ashizawa, Ryoichi Sonoda & Chihiro Tanaka. Villosiclava virens gen. nov., comb. nov., teleomorph of Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice fals ...
'', Clavicipitaceae
The Clavicipitaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genus, genera in the family, but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50.
Phylogeny
Molecular phylogeny, phylogenetic ana ...
* ''T. rhei'' = '' Microbotryum rhei'', Microbotryaceae
* ''T. salweyi'' = '' Ustilago striiformis'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. serpens'' = '' Ustilago serpens'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. sorghi'' = '' Sporisorium sorghi'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. sorghi-vulgaris'' = ''Sporisorium sorghi'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. sphagni'' = ''Bryophytomyces sphagni'', Ascomycota
* ''T. striiformis'' = '' Ustilago striiformis'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. thlaspeos'' = ''Thecaphora thlaspeos'', Glomosporiaceae
* ''T. tritici'' = '' Ustilago tritici'', Ustilaginaceae
* ''T. verruculosa'' = '' Conidiosporomyces verruculosus''
See also
* Common bunt
Common bunt, also known as hill bunt, Indian bunt, European bunt, stinking smut or covered smut, is a disease of both spring and winter wheats. It is caused by two very closely related fungi, '' Tilletia tritici'' (syn. '' Tilletia caries'') and ' ...
* Iraqi biological weapons program
Saddam Hussein (1937–2006) began an extensive biological weapons (BW) program in Iraq in the early 1980s, despite having signed (but not ratified until 1991) the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) of 1972. Details of the BW program and a chem ...
References
{{Authority control
Ustilaginomycotina
Taxa named by Edmond Tulasne
Taxa named by Charles Tulasne