Thomas Wardle
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Sir Thomas Edward Wardle (born 1912 in
West Leederville, Western Australia West Leederville is a suburb northwest of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia, and is within the Town of Cambridge. It used to be integrated with Leederville prior to the construction of the Mitchell Free ...
, died in 1997) was a businessman and
supermarket A supermarket is a self-service Retail#Types of outlets, shop offering a wide variety of food, Drink, beverages and Household goods, household products, organized into sections. Strictly speaking, a supermarket is larger and has a wider selecti ...
proprietor from Western Australia. He was best known for his "Tom the Cheap" supermarket chain as well as revolutionising grocery shopping in the state. Wardle was a popular Lord Mayor of Perth from 1967 to 1972.


Early years

Wardle's father, Walter Wardle, was born in Auckland New Zealand and arrived in Western Australia in 1890. Walter worked as a valuer and later as a branch manager at the Rural and Industries Bank of Western Australia. Tom was one of five children of Walter and his wife and the family lived in a number of towns in the south-west of the state. He attended schools at Albany, Katanning and Tambellup, and in Perth at Thomas Street School and
Perth Boys School Perth () is the capital city of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The world's most isolated major city by certain criteria, Perth is part of the ...
. His mother died while he was in high school and, in 1927 at the age of 15, Wardle started his working career at the National Bank. In February 1941, aged 28, he was charged with stealing £162/8/- from the bank's Merredin branch. He made full restitution of the money, which influenced a judge to impose a suspended sentence on a bond of £100. About the time of the theft, he was engaged in a romance with his sister's Swedish-born friend Hulda Olson, whom he married on 31 August 1940. Wardle joined the
Citizens Military Force The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen ...
and in 1942 enlisted for overseas service, leaving his wife and newly born daughter Dianne behind with his parents-in-law. He was discharged from the army in early 1946 as a
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, having seen action against the
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in an
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unit in
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and
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. Their second child, Geoffrey, was born in October 1946, the same year Tom and Hulda opened a corner-store grocery in rented premises in Fitzgerald Street, North Perth steadily building the business and good will. They purchased the property in 1952. While holidaying in Sweden with his wife in 1955, Wardle observed developments in northern European supermarket retailing that was a move away from shop-counter service to a system that allowed shoppers to browse aisles of produce at their own leisure. He also saw greater competition between retailers, unlike the resale price maintenance regime which seemed to exist in Australia. He later spoke of the mark-ups from local supermarket chains such as Freecorns, Charlie Carters and
Tom Wills Thomas Wentworth Wills (19 August 1835 – 2 May 1880) was an Australian sportsman who is credited with being Australia's first cricketer of significance and a founder of Australian rules football. Born in the British penal colony of Colo ...
:


Tom the Cheap

In early 1956 he sold the Fitzgerald Street shop and rented larger premises on Charles Street. After fitting it out himself with a self-service supermarket layout, he soon opened under a red on white sign displaying "Tom the Cheap". His business model was essentially discounted trading margins and a no-frills service— he applied a 10% markup as opposed to the standard 25% from his competitors. Old and new customers soon flocked to the store, attracted by his shop-wide discounts, which undercut his opposition. High turnover returned good profits and soon Wardle embarked on a dramatic and highly successful expansion programme. He opened his second store in
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in late 1957 and others in
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, Bedford Park, Osborne Park and
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in 1958. He opened country stores in
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and
Kalgoorlie Kalgoorlie-Boulder (or just Kalgoorlie) is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder as the surroundi ...
in 1960. The rapidly expanding chain was initially boycotted by the supplier and large grocery cartels, and he often had to bring produce from interstate and purchase from other grocers. Despite the difficulties, the innovative marketing proved highly successful and the expansion continued at a phenomenal rate; by December 1961 there were 39 metropolitan Perth stores as well as seven country stores. He had a staff of 300 and a turnover of £3,500,000 per annum (). Soon after four stores in South Australia opened and one in
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. The South Australian stores were a joint venture with Frederick Fairthorne who owned 49% of the chain in that state. By June 1965 he had 90 Western Australian stores, 24 in South Australia, 14 in Melbourne and 2 in Sydney. Total annual turnover exceeded £14,500,000 () and net profit in Western Australia was more than £325,000 per annum (). In addition, he operated six "Tom's Other Stores", which sold electrical appliances, drapery, clothing and furniture. Wardle was now the fourth largest grocery retailer in Australia, behind Woolworths, Coles and Moran & Cato. Unlike many of the larger chains however, most of Tom the Cheap stores (with the exception of the South Australian company) were owned by the family company Wardle Pty Ltd. Until 1963, all stores were rented rather than in purchased premises. Expansion continued and by 1969 he had 185 stores across Australia and turnover was in excess of £200 million per annum (). In 1971 he acquired the John Cade stores, thus making a 208 store-strong retail empire that was barely 15 years old. Between October 1962 and May 1974, Wardle published ''Tom's Weekly'' in Perth, a free Saturday newspaper with light local news stories interspersed with advertising specials from his stores. Between 20 January 1973 and 11 May 1974 it was distributed with the '' Weekend News''. Geoffrey Wardle was editor in later editions.


Other activities

Wardle began to dabble in property development from the mid-1960s. He bought the Sandovers site in central Hay Street in 1965 for £500,000, which he opened as a "Tom's Other Store", together with other sites in South Perth and
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. He also bought the Capitol Theatre at 10 William Street in 1966, which was at that time the main live concert venue in Perth and home of the
West Australian Symphony Orchestra The West Australian Symphony Orchestra (WASO) is an Australian symphony orchestra based in Perth, Western Australia. Its principal concert venue is the Perth Concert Hall. WASO also gives concerts at the Mandurah Performing Arts Centre. , WASO ...
. In 1967 he ran for election as Lord Mayor of Perth following the sudden death of Charles Veryard. Wardle stated that he "... wanted to give the people something in return for what they have done for me in business". A complete newcomer to public office, he won the election comfortably with 28,068 votes against his main rival Sir
Frank Ledger Sir Joseph Francis Ledger (29 October 1899 – 8 April 1993), widely known as Frank Ledger, was a Western Australian businessman and philanthropist. Knighted in 1963, he supported agricultural development, advocated for sports, and his legac ...
's 19,339 votes. His campaign cost $25,000 and was run by the flamboyant Joan Watters. Wardle's mayoral reign happened during a period of transformation of the face of the city, with the state's booming resource industries feeding city property development. Wardle is said to have liaised well with
premiers Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...
from both sides of politics in
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and
John Tonkin John Trezise Tonkin (2 February 1902 – 20 October 1995) was an Australian politician who was the premier of Western Australia from 3 March 1971 to 8 April 1974. A member of the Labor Party, Tonkin was a minister in the Willcock, Wise a ...
. The following year he sold the Capitol to make way for its demolition and construction of a car park and office block. He gave the profit from the sale to the
City of Perth The City of Perth is a local government areas of Western Australia, local government area and body, within the Perth metropolitan area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government is commonly known as Perth City Council. T ...
to assist in the construction of the city's long-awaited Perth Concert Hall—this was finally constructed with great encouragement from Wardle, between 1971 and 1973. The Wardle Room in the Concert Hall is named in his honour. In 1967, he had been an inaugural board member of the Western Australian Opera Company and generously provided the company with a Hay Street office suite. The government of Sir
Charles Court Sir Charles Walter Michael Court (29 September 1911 – 22 December 2007) was an Australian politician who was the premier of Western Australia from 8 April 1974 to 25 January 1982. A member of the Western Australian Liberal Party, Liberal Par ...
decided to sell
Dirk Hartog Island Dirk Hartog Island is an island off the Gascoyne (Western Australia), Gascoyne coast of Western Australia, within the Shark Bay, Western Australia, Shark Bay World Heritage Area. It is about long and between wide and is Western Australia's ...
in 1968, which had until then been operated under a pastoral lease for sheep and wool production. Wardle argued that the island should be kept by the government as a nature reserve. The suggestion was declined, so the now immensely wealthy Wardle bought it for his own use as a private retreat for his family, substantially de-stocking the large sheep flock over several years. Wardle was the state's best known philanthropist. He gave away $200,000 in 1969–70, and Stannage (1979) suggests he made bequests in excess of $1,000,000 during his lifetime, all from his personal account. Some of these included: *He established two organisations for working mothers in Perth, and paid $500 per week for their upkeep. *He paid the salaries of three
University of Western Australia University of Western Australia (UWA) is a public research university in the Australian state of Western Australia. The university's main campus is in Crawley, Western Australia, Crawley, a suburb in the City of Perth local government area. UW ...
chaplains; he sponsored a medical student at UWA and he paid $44,000 to the University's Department of Music between 1966 and 1974 to assist young composers. *He maintained a cottage at Parkerville Children's Home. *He sponsored the annual Sir Thomas Wardle Art Prize, worth $500, and paid rent for the Contemporary Art Society. He made countless other gifts, to schools, hospitals, women's organisations and sporting bodies. Appointments were also numerous. These included a lay directorship of the Australian Neurological Foundation, chairmanship of the Keep Australia Beautiful Council, chairmanship of the Festival of Perth Committee for 1974, chairmanship of the Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee, trusteeship of the
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, governorship of the Western Australia Opera Company, membership of the Australian National Airlines Commission and membership of the Australian government's Aboriginal Loans Commission. Wardle was made a
Knight Bachelor The title of Knight Bachelor is the basic rank granted to a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not inducted as a member of one of the organised Order of chivalry, orders of chivalry; it is a part of the Orders, decorations, and medals ...
on 13 June 1970 for "Service to Commerce and the Community". Also in 1970 the Italian Government made him a Knight Commander of the Order of Merit, the first Western Australian to have been granted this. In 1973 he was given an Honorary Doctorate of Law at the University of Western Australia and became a foundation senator at
Murdoch University Murdoch University is a public university in Perth, Western Australia, with campuses also in Singapore and Dubai. It began operations as the state's second university on 25 July 1973, and accepted its first undergraduate students in 1975. Its ...
.


Later years

In 1972 Wardle acquired a 55% share in property investment company Westhaven Securities Limited. Westhaven raised a Swiss Franc loan valued at $1,034,000 through the Rural and Industries Bank of Western Australia to finance property purchases and in early 1977 defaulted, triggering a financial collapse of the Tom the Cheap family companies. Receivers were appointed and by mid-1978 a dividend of five cents in the dollar was declared on debts which had by then ballooned to more than $9 million. Wardle was forced to walk away from the business and with his wife became a recluse on
Dirk Hartog Island Dirk Hartog Island is an island off the Gascoyne (Western Australia), Gascoyne coast of Western Australia, within the Shark Bay, Western Australia, Shark Bay World Heritage Area. It is about long and between wide and is Western Australia's ...
. He died in 1997 and Lady Wardle died in 2005. In 2006 the island returned to government ownershipwith the exception of , including the original pastoral homesteadand is part of the Shark Bay Marine Park. It is run as an eco-tourism resort and maintained by Wardle's grandson, Kieran Wardle.


References


Further reading

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Wardle, Thomas 1912 births 1997 deaths Mayors and lord mayors of Perth, Western Australia Australian Knights Bachelor 20th-century Australian politicians 20th-century Australian businesspeople Australian Army personnel of World War II Australian Army soldiers