''The Scream'' is an art composition created by Norwegian artist
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch ( ; ; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter. His 1893 work ''The Scream'' has become one of Western art's most acclaimed images.
His childhood was overshadowed by illness, bereavement and the dread of inher ...
in 1893. The Norwegian name of the piece is ('
Scream'), and the German title under which it was first exhibited is ' ('The Scream of Nature'). The agonized face in the painting has become one of the most iconic images in art, seen as symbolizing the
anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner wikt:turmoil, turmoil and includes feelings of dread over Anticipation, anticipated events. Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response ...
of the
human condition
The human condition can be defined as the characteristics and key events of human life, including birth, learning, emotion, aspiration, reason, morality, conflict, and death. This is a very broad topic that has been and continues to be pondered ...
. Munch's work, including ''The Scream'', had a formative influence on the
Expressionist movement.
Munch recalled that he had been out for a walk at sunset when suddenly the setting sun's light turned the clouds "
a blood red". He sensed an "infinite scream passing through nature". Scholars have located the spot along a
fjord
In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; ) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the n ...
path overlooking
Oslo
Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...
and have suggested various explanations for the unnaturally orange sky, ranging from the effects of a volcanic eruption to a psychological reaction by Munch to his sister's commitment at a nearby
lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.
Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replace ...
.
Munch created two versions in paint and two in
pastel
A pastel () is an art medium that consists of powdered pigment and a binder (material), binder. It can exist in a variety of forms, including a stick, a square, a pebble, and a pan of color, among other forms. The pigments used in pastels are ...
s, as well as a
lithograph
Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...
stone from which several prints survive. Both painted versions have been stolen from public museums, but since recovered. In 2012, one of the pastel versions commanded the highest nominal price paid for an artwork at a public auction at that time.
Sources of inspiration

In his diary in an entry headed "Nice 22 January 1892", Munch wrote:
He later described his inspiration for the image:
Some scholars believe, based upon these accounts, that Munch was describing a terrifying emotional experience that would today be called a
panic attack
Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear and Comfort, discomfort that may include palpitations, otherwise defined as a Tachycardia, rapid, Arrhythmia, irregular Heart rate, heartbeat, Hyperhidrosis, sweating, chest pain or discomfort, s ...
.
Among theories advanced to account for the reddish sky in the background is the artist's memory of the effects of the powerful volcanic
eruption of Krakatoa, which deeply tinted sunset skies red in parts of the Western hemisphere for months during 1883 and 1884, about a decade before Munch painted ''The Scream''. This explanation has been disputed by scholars, who note that Munch was an expressive painter and was not primarily interested in literal renderings of what he had seen. Another explanation for the red skies is that they are due to the appearance of
nacreous clouds which occur at the latitude of Norway and which look remarkably similar to the skies depicted in ''The Scream''. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the proximity of both a slaughterhouse and a
lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.
Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replace ...
to the site depicted in the painting may have offered some inspiration. The scene was identified as being the view from a road overlooking Oslo, by the
Oslofjord
The Oslofjord (, ; ) is an inlet in southeastern Norway. The fjord begins at the small village of Bonn in Frogn, Frogn Municipality and stretching northwards to the city of Oslo, and then curving to the east and then south again. It then flows s ...
and
Hovedøya, from the hill of
Ekeberg
Ekeberg is a neighborhood in the city of Oslo, Norway. The Norway Cup Association football, soccer tournament takes place at Ekebergsletta every summer. "Sletta" means "the plain". The painting "The Scream" by Edvard Munch is painted from Utsi ...
. At the time of painting the work, Munch's
manic depressive sister Laura Catherine was a patient at the mental asylum at the foot of Ekeberg.
In 1978, the Munch scholar
Robert Rosenblum suggested that the strange, skeletal creature in the foreground of the painting was inspired by a
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
vian
mummy
A mummy is a dead human or an animal whose soft tissues and Organ (biology), organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to Chemical substance, chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the ...
, which Munch, like
Paul Gauguin
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer, whose work has been primarily associated with the Post-Impressionist and Symbolist movements. He was also an influ ...
, could have seen at the
1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris.
This mummy, which was buried in a fetal position with its hands alongside its face, also struck the imagination of Gauguin: it stood as a model for figures in more than twenty of Gauguin's paintings, among those the central figure in his painting ''Human misery (Grape harvest at Arles)'' and for the old woman at the left in his 1897 painting ''
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?''. In 2004, Italian anthropologist Piero Mannucci speculated that Munch might have seen a mummy in
Florence
Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025.
Florence ...
's
Museum of Natural History which bears an even more striking resemblance to the painting. However, later studies have disputed that theory, as Munch did not visit Florence until after painting ''The Scream''.
The imagery of ''The Scream'' has been compared to that which an individual suffering from
depersonalization disorder experiences, a feeling of distortion of the environment and one's self.
Arthur Lubow has described ''The Scream'' as "an icon of modern art, a ''
Mona Lisa
The ''Mona Lisa'' is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, ...
'' for our time."
It has been widely interpreted as representing the universal anxiety of modern humanity.
Versions

Munch created four versions, two in
paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are ...
and two in
pastel
A pastel () is an art medium that consists of powdered pigment and a binder (material), binder. It can exist in a variety of forms, including a stick, a square, a pebble, and a pan of color, among other forms. The pigments used in pastels are ...
s. The first version was painted in 1893, between
Berlin
Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
in Germany and
Åsgårdstrand in Norway. It was exhibited the same year, alongside other artworks in a series which Munch called ''The Frieze of Life''. It is in the collection of the
National Museum of Norway in Oslo. This is the version that has the barely visible pencil inscription ("could only have been painted by a madman"). A pastel version from that year, which may have been a preliminary study, is in the collection of the
Munch Museum, also in Oslo. The second pastel version, from 1895, was sold for $119,922,600 at
Sotheby's
Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...
Impressionist and Modern Art auction on 2 May 2012 to financier
Leon Black.
The second painted version dates from 1910, during a period when Munch revisited some of his prior compositions. It is also in the collection of the Munch Museum. These versions have seldom traveled, though the 1895 pastel was exhibited at the
Museum of Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...
in New York from October 2012 to April 2013,
and the 1893 pastel was exhibited at the
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opened o ...
in
Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...
in 2015.
Additionally, Munch created a
lithograph stone of the composition in 1895 from which several prints produced by Munch survive. Only approximately four dozen prints were made before the original stone was resurfaced by the printer in Munch's absence.
The material composition of the 1893 painted version was examined in 2010. The pigment analysis revealed the use of
cadmium yellow,
vermilion
Vermilion (sometimes vermillion) is a color family and pigment most often used between antiquity and the 19th century from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide). It is synonymous with red orange, which often takes a moder ...
,
ultramarine
Ultramarine is a deep blue pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. Its lengthy grinding and washing process makes the natural pigment quite valuable—roughly ten times more expensive than the stone it comes fr ...
and
viridian, among other pigments in use in the 19th century.
Pencil inscription
The version held by the National Museum of Norway has a pencil inscription, in small lettering, in the upper left corner, saying ("could only have been painted by a madman!"). It can only be seen on close examination of the painting. This had been presumed to be a comment by a critic or a visitor to an exhibition. It was first noticed when the painting was exhibited in Copenhagen in 1904, eleven years after this version was painted. Following
infrared photography, the study of the handwriting now shows that the comment was added by Munch. The theory has been put forward that Munch added the inscription after the critical comments made when the painting was first exhibited in Norway in October 1895. There is good evidence that Munch was deeply hurt by that criticism, being sensitive to the mental illness that was prevalent in his family.
Thefts
''The Scream'' has been the target of several thefts and theft attempts. Some damage has been suffered in these thefts.
1994 theft
On 12 February 1994, the same day as the opening of the
1994 Winter Olympics
The 1994 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games (; ) and commonly known as Lillehammer '94, were an international winter multi-sport event held from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer, Norway. Hav ...
in
Lillehammer
Lillehammer () is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. Some of the more notable villages in the munici ...
, two men broke into the National Gallery, Oslo, and stole its version of ''The Scream'', leaving a note reading "Thanks for the poor security". The painting had been moved down to a second-story gallery
as part of the Olympic festivities. After the gallery refused to pay a
ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom.
When ransom means "payment", the word ...
demand of US$1 million in March 1994, Norwegian police set up a
sting operation
In law enforcement, a sting operation is a deceptive operation designed to catch a person attempting to commit a crime. A typical sting will have an undercover law enforcement officer, detective, or co-operative member of the public play a rol ...
with assistance from the British police (
SO10) and the
Getty Museum and the painting was recovered undamaged on 7 May 1994.
In January 1996, four men were convicted in connection with the theft, including
PÃ¥l Enger, who had been convicted of stealing Munch's
''Love and Pain'' in 1988. They were released on appeal on legal grounds: the British agents involved in the sting operation had entered Norway under false identities.
2004 theft
The 1910 version of ''The Scream'' was stolen on 22 August 2004, during daylight hours, when masked gunmen entered the
Munch Museum in Oslo and stole it and Munch's ''
Madonna
Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she has been recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, ...
''.
A bystander photographed the robbers as they escaped to their car with the artwork. On 8 April 2005, Norwegian police arrested a suspect in connection with the theft, but the paintings remained missing and it was rumored that they had been burned by the thieves to destroy evidence. On 1 June 2005, with four suspects already in custody in connection with the crime, the city government of Oslo offered a reward of 2 million
Norwegian krone
The krone (, currency sign, abbreviation: kr (also NKr for distinction); ISO 4217, code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is the currency of the Kingdom of Norway (including List of possessions of Norway, overseas territories and dependencies). It was t ...
(roughly US$313,500 or €231,200) for information that could help locate the paintings. Although the paintings remained missing, six men went on trial in early 2006, variously charged with either helping to plan or participating in the robbery. Three of the men were convicted and sentenced to between four and eight years in prison in May 2006, and two of the convicted, Bjørn Hoen and Petter Tharaldsen, were also ordered to pay compensation of 750 million kroner (roughly US$117.6 million or €86.7 million) to the City of Oslo. The Munch Museum was closed for ten months for a security overhaul.
On 31 August 2006, Norwegian police announced that a police operation had recovered both ''The Scream'' and ''Madonna'', but did not reveal detailed circumstances of the recovery. The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition. "We are 100 percent certain they are the originals," police chief Iver Stensrud told a news conference. "The damage was much less than feared." Munch Museum director Ingebjørg Ydstie confirmed the condition of the paintings, saying it was much better than expected and that the damage could be repaired. ''The Scream'' had moisture damage on the lower left corner, while ''Madonna'' suffered several tears on the right side of the painting as well as two holes in Madonna's arm. Before repairs and restoration began, the paintings were put on public display by the Munch Museum beginning 27 September 2006. During the five-day exhibition, 5,500 people viewed the damaged paintings. The conserved works went back on display on 23 May 2008, when the exhibition "Scream and Madonna – Revisited" at the Munch Museum in Oslo displayed the paintings together.
In 2008
Idemitsu Petroleum Norge AS committed an endowment of 4 million Norwegian krone towards the conservation, research and presentation of ''The Scream'' and ''
Madonna
Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she has been recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, ...
''.
Record sale at auction
The 1895 pastel-on-board version of the work, owned by Norwegian businessman
Petter Olsen, sold at
Sotheby's
Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...
in London for a record price of nearly
US$120 million at auction on 2 May 2012. The bidding started at $40 million and lasted for over 12 minutes when American businessman
Leon Black by phone gave the final offer of US$119,922,500, including the
buyer's premium
In auctions, the buyer's premium is a charge in addition to the hammer price (i.e. the winning bid announced) of an auction item, or lot. The winning bidder is required to pay both the hammer price and the percentage of that price called for by th ...
.
Sotheby's described the work as "the most colorful and vibrant" of the four versions Munch painted, noting also his hand-colouring of the frame on which he inscribed his poem which detailed the picture's inspiration.
After the sale, Sotheby's auctioneer
Tobias Meyer said the work was "worth every penny", adding: "It is one of the great icons of art in the world and whoever bought it should be congratulated."
The auction was contested by the heirs of
Hugo Simon, who sold it to Norwegian ship owner Thomas Olsen, Petter's father, "around 1937".
The previous record for the most expensive work of art sold at auction had been held by Picasso's ''
Nude, Green Leaves and Bust'', which went for US$106.5 million at
Christie's
Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie (auctioneer), James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, and it has additional salerooms in New York, Paris, Hong Kong, Milan, Geneva, Shan ...
two years prior on 4 May 2010. As of 2018, the pastel remains the
fourth highest nominal price paid for a painting at auction. The work had a presale estimate of $80 million, the biggest presale estimate ever set by Sotheby's.
In popular culture
In
Philip K. Dick's 1968 novel ''
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?'', the main character and his partner, Phil Resch, view the painting in an art gallery. Resch comments that the painting reminds him of how he imagines androids feel.
In the late twentieth century, ''The Scream'' was imitated, parodied, and (following the expiration of its copyright) outright copied, which led to it acquiring an
iconic status in popular culture. It was used on the cover of some editions of
Arthur Janov's 1970 book ''
The Primal Scream''.
In 1983–1984, pop artist
Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol (;''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''"Warhol" born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director and producer. A leading figure in the pop art movement, Warhol ...
made a series of
silk screen prints copying works by Munch, including ''The Scream''. His stated intention was to desacralize the painting by making it into a mass-reproducible object. Munch had already begun that process, however, by making a lithograph of the work for reproduction.
Erró's
ironic and irreverent treatment of Munch's masterpiece in his acrylic paintings ''The Second Scream'' (1967) and ''Ding Dong'' (1979) is considered a characteristic of
post-modern
Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism
Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experi ...
art. The expression of Kevin McCallister (
Macaulay Culkin
Macaulay Macaulay Culkin Culkin (born Macaulay Carson Culkin; ) is an American actor and musician. Considered one of the most successful child actors of the 1990s, Culkin has received a Golden Globe Award nomination and other accolades. In 200 ...
) in the poster for the 1990 film ''
Home Alone
''Home Alone'' is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film
The comedy film is a film genre that emphasizes humor. These films are designed to amuse audiences and make them laugh. Films in this genre typically have a happy ending, with dar ...
'' was inspired by ''The Scream''.
The principal alien antagonists depicted in the 2011 BBC series of ''
Doctor Who
''Doctor Who'' is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series, created by Sydney Newman, C. E. Webber and Donald Wilson (writer and producer), Donald Wilson, depicts the adventures of an extraterre ...
'', named "
The Silence", have an appearance partially based on ''The Scream''.
In 2013, ''The Scream'' was one of four paintings that the
Norwegian postal service chose for a series of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of Edvard Munch's birth. In 2018 Norwegian comedy duo
Ylvis made a musical based on the painting's theft starring PÃ¥l Enger who stole it in 1994.
A patient resource group for
trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, is a chronic pain, long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor funct ...
(which has been described as the most painful condition in existence) have also adopted the image as a symbol of the condition.
In most renderings, the
emoji
An emoji ( ; plural emoji or emojis; , ) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of modern emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from type ...
is made to resemble the subject of the painting.

A simplified version of the subject of the painting is one of the
pictographs
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a wri ...
that was considered by the
US Department of Energy
US or Us most often refers to:
* Us (pronoun), ''Us'' (pronoun), the objective case of the English first-person plural pronoun ''we''
* US, an abbreviation for the United States
US, U.S., Us, us, or u.s. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainme ...
for use as a non-language-specific symbol of danger to warn future human civilizations of the presence of
radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. It is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning, rare-earth mining, and nuclear ...
.
The cover art for the 2018
MGMT
MGMT () is an American rock band formed in 2002 in Middletown, Connecticut. It was founded by singers and multi-instrumentalists Andrew VanWyngarden and Benjamin Goldwasser, Ben Goldwasser.
Originally signed to Cantora Records by the nascent ...
album ''
Little Dark Age'' shows a figure resembling the subject of the painting, albeit in clown-like makeup.
Despite popular opinion to the contrary, the
Ghostface mask worn by the primary antagonists of the ''
Scream'' series of horror was not inspired by the Munch painting. The mask, discovered by
Marianne Maddalena and
Wes Craven,
was created in 1991 by Brigitte Sleiertin of the Fun World novelty company for the
Halloween
Halloween, or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve), is a celebration geography of Halloween, observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christianity, Western Christian f ...
market. She based her concept drawings on old cartoons, such as those created by
Max Fleischer
Max Fleischer (born Majer Fleischer ; July 19, 1883 – September 11, 1972) was an American animator and studio owner. Born in Kraków, in Austrian Poland, Fleischer immigrated to the United States where he became a pioneer in the development ...
.
Gallery
File:Skrik 1893.jpg, 1893, pastel
A pastel () is an art medium that consists of powdered pigment and a binder (material), binder. It can exist in a variety of forms, including a stick, a square, a pebble, and a pan of color, among other forms. The pigments used in pastels are ...
on cardboard. As possibly the earliest execution of ''The Scream'', this appears to be the version in which Munch mapped out the essentials of the composition.
File:Edvard Munch - The Scream - NG.M.00939 - National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design.jpg, 1893, oil, tempera
Tempera (), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. ''Tempera'' also refers to the paintings done in ...
and pastel on cardboard. The first version publicly displayed, and perhaps the most recognizable, is located at the National Museum of Norway in Oslo
Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...
.
File:"The scream". Wellcome L0011212.jpg, 1895, lithograph
Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...
print. About 45 prints were made before the printer re-used the lithograph stone. A few were hand-coloured by Munch.
File:The Scream Pastel.jpg, 1895, pastel on cardboard. It was sold for nearly US$120 million at Sotheby's
Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...
in 2012 and is in the private collection of Leon Black.
File:Edvard Munch - The Scream - Google Art Project.jpg, 1910, tempera on cardboard. This version was stolen from the Munch Museum in 2004 but recovered in 2006.
File:'The Scream', undated drawing Edvard Munch, Bergen Kunstmuseum.JPG, Undated, ink drawing. This composition, which features the central figure from ''The Scream'' is in the collection of the University Museum of Bergen.
See also
*
List of paintings by Edvard Munch
References
Further reading
*
*
External links
Edvard Munch – Biography and Paintings (archived 2010)from EdvardMunch.info
Munch and ''The Scream''– Discussion in the
''In Our Time'' series on the BBC Radio 4, Mar 2010
''The Scream'' – Zoomable versionon
Google Arts & Culture
Google Arts & Culture (formerly Google Art Project) is an online platform of high-resolution images and videos of artworks and cultural artifacts from partner cultural organizations throughout the world, operated by Google.
It utilizes high-re ...
''The Scream'' – Zoomable version, biography and article about the paintingat the Norwegian
National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scream, The
1883 eruption of Krakatoa
1893 paintings
Modern paintings
Paintings by Edvard Munch
Paintings in the Munch Museum
Paintings in the National Gallery (Norway)
Pastel drawings
Recovered works of art
Stolen works of art
Symbolist paintings