Textual variants in the

First Epistle to Timothy The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The letter, traditionally attributed to the Apostle Paul, consists ...

are the subject of the study called

textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Such texts may rang ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...

. Textual variants in

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...

s arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below. Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of

dittography Dittography is the accidental, erroneous act of repeating a letter, word, phrase or combination of letters by a scribe or copyist. The term is used in the field of textual criticism, especially in critical studies of ancient or biblical literature ...

). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus which was based on "nearly 100

reek Reek may refer to: Places * Reek, Netherlands, a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant * Croagh Patrick, a mountain in the west of Ireland nicknamed "The Reek" People * Nikolai Reek (1890–1942), Estonian military commander * Salme Reek ...

manuscripts." Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.Peter J. Gurry,
The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate
''New Testament Studies'' 62.1 (2016), p. 113

Legend

Textual variants

1 Timothy 1:16 : Ιησους (''Jesus'') – F G 1739 1881 : Χριστος Ιησους (''Christ Jesus'') – A D* H Ψ 0262 33 104 326 365 629 1175 lat : Ιησους Χριστος (''Jesus Christ'') – א D Byz it vg syr : Ιησους ο Χριστος (''Jesus the Christ'') – 614
1 Timothy 2:7 : αληθειαν λεγω (''I am telling the truth'') – א A D* F G P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 263 330 424 451 459 629 1175 1505 1739 1881 1912 2492 Lect lat syr cop eth Ambrosiaster

Ambrose Ambrose of Milan (; 4 April 397), venerated as Saint Ambrose, was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promoting Roman Christianity against Ari ...

Chrysostom John Chrysostom (; ; – 14 September 407) was an important Church Father who served as archbishop of Constantinople. He is known for his preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and po ...

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

: αληθειαν λεγω εγω (''I am telling the truth'') – 2495 : αληθειαν λεγω Χριστος (''I am telling the truth of Christ'') – 436 : αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω (''I am telling the truth in Christ'') – א* D H K L 33 88 181 256 326 365 424* 614 630 1241 1573 1852 1877 2127 Byz Lect it vg goth arm slav

Theodoret Theodoret of Cyrus or Cyrrhus (; AD 393 – 458/466) was an influential theologian of the School of Antioch, biblical commentator, and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus (423–457). He played a pivotal role in several 5th-century Byzantine ...

Euthalius Euthalius was a deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca. He lived sometime between the 4th and 7th centuries and is chiefly known through his work on the New Testament in particular as the author of the "Euthalian Sections". Of Euthalius ...

: αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω Ιησου (''I am telling the truth in Christ Jesus'') – 1319
1 Timothy 3:1 : ανθρωπινος (''human'' or ''of a man'') – D* it Ambrosiaster Jerome

Augustine Augustine of Hippo ( , ; ; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings deeply influenced the development of Western philosop ...

Speculum : πιστος (''faithful'') – ''rell'' 1 Timothy 3:14 : προς σε (''to you'') – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 cop 1 Timothy 3:16 : ομολογουμεν ως (''just as we are professing'') – D* 1175 : ομολογουμενως (''admittedly'') – ''rell'' 1 Timothy 3:16 : ος εφανερωθη (''he who was manifested'') – א* A* C* F G 33

365 365 may refer to: * 365 (number), an integer * a common year, consisting of 365 calendar days * AD 365, a year of the Julian calendar * 365 BC, a year of the 4th century BC Media outlets * 365 (media corporation), Icelandic TV company * 365 ...

442 1175 2127 ℓ ℓ syr goth eth

Origen Origen of Alexandria (), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an Early Christianity, early Christian scholar, Asceticism#Christianity, ascetic, and Christian theology, theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Early cent ...

Didymus Epiphanius

Jerome Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian presbyter, priest, Confessor of the Faith, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome. He is best known ...

Cyril Cyril (also Cyrillus or Cyryl) is a masculine given name. It is derived from the Greek language, Greek name (''Kýrillos''), meaning 'lordly, masterful', which in turn derives from Greek (''kýrios'') 'lord'. There are various variant forms of t ...

Liberatus : ο εφανερωθη (''which was manifested'') – D* it vg : ω εφανερωθη (''which was made manifest'') – 061 : ΘϹ εφανερωθη or θεος εφανερωθη (''God was manifested'') – א A C D K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104

181 Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 181 for this ye ...

263 __NOTOC__ Year 263 (Roman numerals, CCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Albinus and Dexter (or, less frequently, year 1016 ''Ab urbe condita''). The ...

326 330

424 Year 424 ( CDXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Castinus and Victor (or, less frequently, year 1177 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 424 for this ...

436 451 459 614 629 630 1241 1319 1573

1739 Events January–March * January 1 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, in the South Atlantic Ocean. * January 3 – A 7.6 earthquake shakes the Ningxia Hui Autonomou ...

1852 1877 1881 1912 1962 1984 1985 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect slav Gregory Chrysostom Theodoret Euthalius

Theodore of Mopsuestia Theodore of Mopsuestia (Greek: Θεοδώρος, c. 350 – 428) was a Christian theologian, and Bishop of Mopsuestia (as Theodore II) from 392 to 428 AD. He is also known as Theodore of Antioch, from the place of his birth and presbyterate. ...

: ο θεος εφανερωθη (''the God was manifested'') – 88 : ος θεος εφανερωθη (''the God who was manifested'') –

256 Year 256 ( CCLVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Claudius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 1009 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 256 for this y ...

ℓ
1 Timothy 4:10 : αγωνιζομεθα – א* A C F G K Ψ 33 88 104 326 442 915 1175 : ονειδιζομεθα – א D L (P ονειδιζωμεθα) 81 181 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 Byz Lect : ωνειδιζομεθα – 1881 1985
1 Timothy 5:5 : θεον (''God'') – C F G P Ψ 048 lat syr cop : τον θεον (''of God'') – א A D 1739 1881 Byz : τον κυριον (''of the LORD'') – D* 81 vg : κυριον (''the LORD'') – א* 1 Timothy 5:19 : εκτος ει μη επι δυο η τριων μαρτυρων (''except from two or three witnesses'') – omitted by it Ambrosiaster Jerome

Pelagius Pelagius (; c. 354–418) was a British (Celtic Britons, Brittonic) theologian known for promoting a system of doctrines (termed Pelagianism by his opponents) which emphasized human choice in salvation and denied original sin. Pelagius was accus ...

1 Timothy 5:21 : Χριστου Ιησου – א A D* G 33 81 104 365 629 latt cop Clement : Ιησου Χριστου – F Ψ 630 1175 1739 1881 : κυριου Ιησου Χριστου – D Byz syr
1 Timothy 6:7 : οτι – א A F G 048 061 33 81 1739 1881 : δηλον οτι – א D K L P Ψ 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz : αλητες οτι – D* 1 Timothy 6:21 : αμην (''Amen'') – א D K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 88 104 181 256 263 326 330 365 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1175 1241 1319 1573 1739 1852 1877 1912 1962 1984 1985 2127 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr cop eth slav Ambrosiaster Theodoret John : omitted – א* A D* F G 33 81 1311 1739* 1881 it vg cop Chrysostom Pelagius Euthalius Speculum

References

External links

The Comparative Critical Greek New Testament

Legend

Textual variants

See also

References

Further reading

External links