[ ]Patrick Moraz
Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter, best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and The Moody Blues.
Born into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age an ...
, Betty Davis
Betty Davis (born Betty Gray Mabry; July 26, 1944 – February 9, 2022) was an American singer, songwriter, and model. She was known for her controversial sexually-oriented lyrics and performance style, and was the second wife of trumpeter Mile ...
, and Chubby Checker
Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American rock and roll singer and dancer. He is widely known for popularizing many dance styles, including The Twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnig ...
. Robert Plant
Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948) is an English singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the English rock band Led Zeppelin for all of its existence from 1968 until 1980, when the band broke up following th ...
, lead singer of Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group comprised vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With a heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are c ...
, during his acceptance speech for induction into the 1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (RRHOF), sometimes simply referred to as the Rock Hall, is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The museum documents the history of rock music an ...
, listed Alphonse Mouzon as one of the band's influences from American music.
In 1992, Mouzon formed Tenacious Records, and released his album ''The Survivor''. Subsequent releases on Tenacious Records, including re-issues of earlier albums, included ''On Top of the World'', ''Early Spring'', ''By All Means'', ''Love Fantasy'', ''Back to Jazz'', ''As You Wish'', ''The Night is Still Young'', ''The Sky is the Limit'', ''Distant Lover'', ''Morning Sun'', and ''Absolute Greatest Love Songs and Ballads''.
The 1981 album ''Morning Sun'' was his most successful album in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines. Most songs in the album, notably the title track, were extensively played on various FM and AM radio stations during that time, and are still being used in advertisements, commercials, social events, and radio news programmes in that country.
Mouzon played on a recording with Albert Mangelsdorff
Albert Mangelsdorff (September 5, 1928 – July 25, 2005) was a German jazz trombonist. Working mainly in free jazz, he was an innovator in multiphonics.
Early life
Mangelsdorff was born in Frankfurt on September 5, 1928, as the son of the boo ...
(trombone), and Jaco Pastorius
John Francis Anthony "Jaco" Pastorius III (; December 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987) was an American jazz bassist, composer and producer. He recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader and was a member of Weather Report from 1976 to 1981. ...
(bass), named ''Trilogue''. Originally recorded in 1976, and re-released in 2005, this performance was from November 6, 1976, at the Berlin Jazz Days.
In 2014, Mouzon was invited by producer Gerry Gallagher to record with Latin rock legends El Chicano
El Chicano was an American brown-eyed soul group from Los Angeles, California, whose style incorporated various modern music genres including rock, funk, soul, blues, jazz, and salsa. The group's name was from Chicano, a term for United Sta ...
, as well as David Paich
David Frank Paich (born June 25, 1954) is an American musician, best known as the co-founder, principal songwriter, keyboardist and singer of the rock band Toto since 1977. He wrote or co-wrote much of Toto's original material, including the ban ...
, Brian Auger
Brian Albert Gordon Auger (born 18 July 1939) is an English jazz rock and rock music keyboardist who specialises in the Hammond organ.
Auger has worked with Rod Stewart, Tony Williams, Jimi Hendrix, John McLaughlin, Sonny Boy Williamson, ...
, Alex Ligertwood
Alex is a given name. It can refer to a shortened version of Alexander, Alexandra, Alexis.
People
Multiple
* Alex Brown (disambiguation), multiple people
*Alex Gordon (disambiguation), multiple people
*Alex Harris (disambiguation), multiple ...
, Ray Parker Jr.
Ray Erskine Parker Jr. (born May 1, 1954) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. As a solo performer, he wrote and performed the theme song to the 1984 film ''Ghostbusters''. Previously, Parker achieved a US top-10 hi ...
, Lenny Castro, Vikki Carr
Florencia Vicenta de Casillas-Martínez Cardona (born July 19, 1940), known by her stage name Vikki Carr, is an American vocalist. She has a singing career that spans more than four decades. Born in El Paso, Texas, to Mexican parents, she has pe ...
, Pete Escovedo
Peter Michael Escovedo (born July 13, 1935 in Pittsburg, California) is an American percussionist. "Pete Escovedo Biography & Awards"/ref>
With his two brothers, Pete formed Escovedo Bros Latin Jazz Sextet, before Carlos Santana hired Pete and C ...
, Peter Michael Escovedo
Peter Michael Escovedo III (born July 7, 1961) is an American percussionist and musical director.
Early life
Escovedo was born in Alameda County, California, and is a member of a musical family, the son and namesake of percussionist Pete Escove ...
, Jessy J
Jessica Arellano (born December 20, 1982) known professionally as Jessy J, is an American saxophonist.
Biography
Jessy J was born Jessica Arellano on December 20, 1982 in Portland, Oregon and raised in Hemet, California. Of Mexican-Americ ...
, Marcos J. Reyes, Siedah Garrett
Deborah Christine "Siedah" Garrett (born June 24, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter who has written songs and performed backing vocals for many recording artists in the music industry, such as Michael Jackson, the Pointer Sisters, Brand N ...
, Walfredo Reyes Jr., Salvador Santana, and Spencer Davis
Spencer Davis (born Spencer David Nelson Davies; 17 July 193919 October 2020) was a Welsh singer and musician. He founded The Spencer Davis Group, a band that had several hits in the 1960s including "Keep On Running", "Gimme Some Lovin'", and ...
, and is featured on drums on two tracks ''Make Love'' and ''The Viper'', that are part of Gallagher's most recent studio album due to be released in 2019.
Health problems and death
On September 7, 2016, Mouzon was diagnosed with neuroendocrine carcinoma
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine ( hormonal) and nervous systems. They most commonly occur in the intestine, where they are often called carcinoid tumors, but they are also found in the pancreas, lun ...
, a rare form of cancer.[ His son, Jean-Pierre Mouzon, reported his father had died of ]cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. It is a medical emergency that, without immediate medical intervention, will result in sudden cardiac death within minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and possib ...
at his home in Granada Hills, Los Angeles, California, on December 25, 2016, at the age of 68.[
]
Awards and honors
* Listed in the second edition of ''Marquis Who's Who
Marquis Who's Who ( or ) is an American publisher of a number of directories containing short biographies. The books usually are entitled ''Who's Who in...'' followed by some subject, such as ''Who's Who in America'', ''Who's Who of American Wome ...
'' in Entertainment and ''Who's Who in the World''
* Voted the No. 2 best multi-instrumentalist in the 1995 ''Jazziz'' Magazine Annual Readers' Poll
Discography
As leader
* '' The Essence of Mystery'' (Blue Note, 1973)
* '' Funky Snakefoot'' (Blue Note, 1974)
* '' Mind Transplant'' (Blue Note, 1975)
* '' The Man Incognito'' (Blue Note, 1976)
* ''Live at Berlin Jazz Days'' with Trilogue (MPS, 1977)
* ''Virtue'' (MPS, 1977)
* ''In Search of a Dream'' (MPS, 1978)
* ''Baby Come Back'' (Metronome, 1979)
* ''Morning Sun'' (Pausa, 1981)
* ''By All Means'' (Pausa, 1981)
* ''Distant Lover'' (Highrise, 1982)
* ''The Sky Is the Limit'' (Pausa, 1985)
* ''The Eleventh House'' with Larry Coryell (Pausa, 1985)
* ''Back to Jazz'' (L+R, 1986)
* ''Love, Fantasy'' (Optimism, 1987)
* ''Early Spring'' (Optimism, 1988)
* ''As You Wish'' with Final Notice (Jazzline, 1989)
* ''Now'' with Infinity (Inak, 1991)
* ''Nevertheless'' with Just Friends (In+Out, 1992)
* ''The Survivor'' (Tenacious, 1992)
* ''On Top of the World'' (Tenacious, 1994)
* ''The Night Is Still Young'' (Tenacious, 1996)
* ''Fusion Jam'' with Tommy Bolin (1999)
* ''Live in Hollywood'' (Tenacious, 2001)
* ''Jazz in Bel-Air'' (Tenacious, 2008)
* ''Angel Face'' (Tenacious, 2011)
As sideman
With Larry Coryell
Larry Coryell (born Lorenz Albert Van DeLinder III; April 2, 1943 – February 19, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist.
Early life
Larry Coryell was born in Galveston, Texas, United States. He never knew his biological father, a musician. He w ...
* '' Introducing Eleventh House with Larry Coryell'' (Vanguard, 1974)
* '' Level One'' (Arista, 1975)
* ''Planet End
''Planet End'' is an album by jazz guitarist Larry Coryell that was released in 1975 by Vanguard Records. The album was produced by Daniel Weiss and engineered by David Baker. It was the final recording for Vanguard and reached number 39 on the 1 ...
'' (Vanguard, 1975)
* ''Back Together Again'' (Atlantic, 1977)
* ''At Montreux'' (Vanguard, 1978)
* ''The Coryells'' (Chesky, 2000)
* ''January 1975'' (Promising Music, 2014)
* ''Seven Secrets'' (Savoy, 2016)
With Herbie Hancock
Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, and composer. Hancock started his career with trumpeter Donald Byrd's group. He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet, where he hel ...
* ''Directstep
''Directstep'' is the twenty-fourth studio album by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock. The record was released only in Japan on January 21, 1979, via CBS/Sony label. Participating musicians include saxophonist Bennie Maupin, keyboardist Webster Lewis, ...
'' (CBS/Sony, 1979)
* '' Mr. Hands'' (Columbia, 1980)
* ''Monster
A monster is a type of fictional creature found in horror, fantasy, science fiction, folklore, mythology and religion. Monsters are very often depicted as dangerous and aggressive with a strange, grotesque appearance that causes terror and fe ...
'' (Columbia, 1980)
* '' Magic Windows'' (Columbia, 1981)
With McCoy Tyner
Alfred McCoy Tyner (December 11, 1938March 6, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet (from 1960 to 1965) and his long solo career afterwards. He was an NEA Jazz Master and five-time Gr ...
* ''Sahara
, photo = Sahara real color.jpg
, photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972
, map =
, map_image =
, location =
, country =
, country1 =
, ...
'' (Milestone, 1972)
* ''Song for My Lady
''Song for My Lady'' is a 1973 album by jazz pianist McCoy Tyner, his second to be released on the Milestone label. It was recorded in September and November 1972 and features performances by Tyner with saxophonist Sonny Fortune, bassist Cal ...
'' (Milestone, 1973)
* '' Song of the New World'' (Milestone, 1973)
* '' Enlightenment'' (1973)
With Jasper van 't Hof
Jasper van 't Hof (born 30 June 1947) is a Dutch jazz pianist and keyboard player.
Van 't Hof was born in Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands, and began studying piano at the age of five. He played in jazz bands at school, and by the age of 19 wa ...
* ''However'' (MPS, 1978)
* ''Live in Montreux'' (Pausa, 1980)
* ''Nevertheless'' (In+Out, 1992)
With others
* Al Di Meola
Albert Laurence Di Meola (born July 22, 1954) is an American guitarist. Known for his works in jazz fusion and world music, he began his career as a guitarist of the group Return to Forever in 1974. Between the 1970s and 1980s, albums such as ' ...
, '' Land of the Midnight Sun'' (Columbia, 1976)
* Alphonso Johnson
Alphonso Johnson (born February 2, 1951) is an American jazz bassist active since the early 1970s. Johnson was a member of the jazz fusion group Weather Report from 1973 to 1975, and has performed and recorded with numerous high-profile rock ...
, ''Moonshadows'' (Epic, 1976)
* Arild Andersen
Arild Andersen (born 27 October 1945) is a Norwegian jazz musician bassist, known as the most famous Norwegian bass player in the international jazz scene.
Career
Andersen was born at Strømmen, Norway. He started his musical career as jazz g ...
, ''A Molde Concert
''Molde Concert'' is a live album by Norwegian jazz bassist and composer Arild Andersen recorded at the Molde Jazz Festival in August 1981 and released on ECM the following year. The quartet features guitarist Bill Frisell, pianist John Taylor, ...
'' (ECM, 1982)
* Azar Lawrence, ''Prayer for My Ancestors'' (Furthermore, 2008)
* Betty Davis
Betty Davis (born Betty Gray Mabry; July 26, 1944 – February 9, 2022) was an American singer, songwriter, and model. She was known for her controversial sexually-oriented lyrics and performance style, and was the second wife of trumpeter Mile ...
, ''Crashin' from Passion'' (P-Vine, 1995)
* Bill Summers Bill Summers may refer to:
*Bill Summers (car builder) (1935–2011), American car builder and longtime speed record holder
*Bill Summers (musician) (born 1948), American jazz percussionist
* Bill Summers (umpire) (1895–1966), American umpire
*'' ...
, ''Feel the Heat'' (Prestige, 1977)
* Bobbi Humphrey
Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flautist and singer who plays jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. She has recorded twelve albums and founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records. In 1971, she was the first ...
, '' Dig This!'' (Blue Note, 1972)
* Carl Anderson, ''Fantasy Hotel'' (GRP, 1992)
* Carlos Garnett
Carlos Garnett (born December 1, 1938) is a Panamanian-American jazz saxophonist.
Biography
Garnett was born on December 1, 1938, in Red Tank, Panama Canal Zone. He was interested in jazz after hearing the music of Louis Jordan and James Moody ...
, ''The New Love'' (Muse, 1978)
* Charles Sullivan, ''Genesis'' (Strata-East, 1974)
* Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop m ...
, ''Caricatures
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, a ...
'' (Blue Note, 1976)
* Doug Carn
Doug Carn (born July 14, 1948) is an American jazz musician from St. Augustine, Florida, formerly married to Jean Carne and known for his several albums released for Black Jazz Records. Carn is a multi-instrumentalist known primarily for his work ...
, ''Spirit of the New Land'' (Black Jazz, 1972)
* Eugene McDaniels
Eugene Booker McDaniels (February 12, 1935 – July 29, 2011) was an American singer and songwriter. He had his greatest recording success in the early 1960s, reaching number three on the U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart with "A Hund ...
, ''Headless Heroes of the Apocalypse'' (Atlantic, 1971)
* Fania All-Stars
The Fania All-Stars is a musical group formed in 1968 as a showcase for the musicians on Fania Records, the leading salsa music record label of the time.
History
Beginnings
In 1964, Fania Records was founded in New York City by Jerry Masucci ...
, ''Live'' (Fania, 1978)
* Freda Payne
Freda Charcilia Payne (born September 19, 1942Some sources give a birth year of 1945, but this appears to be an error as all sources agree that she is older than her sister Scherrie, born 1944.) is an American singer and actress. Payne is best ...
, ''Supernatural High'' (Capitol, 1978)
* Gil Evans
Ian Ernest Gilmore Evans ( né Green; May 13, 1912 – March 20, 1988) was a Canadian–American jazz pianist, arranger, composer and bandleader. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest orchestrators in jazz, playing an important role ...
, ''Gil Evans'' (Ampex, 1970)
* , '' Temple of Birth'' (Columbia, 1975)
* Joachim Kühn
Joachim Kurt Kühn (born 15 March 1944) is a German jazz pianist.
Biography
He was born in Leipzig, Germany. Kühn was a musical prodigy and made his debut as a concert pianist, having studied classical piano and composition, with Arthur Schmid ...
, ''Hip Elegy'' (MPS/BASF 1976)
* Joe Cuba
Joe Cuba (April 22, 1931 – February 15, 2009), was an American conga drummer of Puerto Rican descent widely regarded as the "Father of Latin Boogaloo".
Early years
Joe Cuba (birth name: Gilberto Miguel Calderón) was born in Harlem, New York ...
, ''Cocinando La Salsa'' (Fania, 2008)
* John Klemmer
John T. Klemmer (born July 3, 1946) is an American saxophonist, composer, songwriter, and arranger.
He was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and began playing guitar at the age of five and alto saxophone at the age of 11. His other ear ...
, '' Magic and Movement'' (Impulse!, 1974)
* Kimiko Kasai
(born December 15, 1945 in Kyoto, Japan) is a retired Japanese jazz singer.
Biography
Kimiko was born in Kyoto, Japan in 1945. She first became interested in jazz at the age of 13 after hearing Chris Connor's song "All About Ronnie" on the radi ...
, ''Butterfly'' (CBS/Sony, 1979)
* Les McCann
Leslie Coleman McCann (born September 23, 1935) is an American jazz pianist and vocalist. Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler (2007), ''The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz'', p. 448. Oxford University Press.
Early life
Les McCann was born in ...
, ''Invitation to Openness
''Invitation to Openness'' is an album by pianist Les McCann recorded in 1971 and released on the Atlantic label.Freed., RLes McCann Discographyaccessed March 8, 2016
Reception
Allmusic gives the album 4 stars stating "Every nuance of McCann's st ...
'' (Atlantic, 1972)
* Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of musi ...
, ''Dingo
The dingo (''Canis familiaris'', ''Canis familiaris dingo'', ''Canis dingo'', or '' Canis lupus dingo'') is an ancient (basal) lineage of dog found in Australia. Its taxonomic classification is debated as indicated by the variety of scient ...
'' (Warner Bros., 1991)
* Narada Michael Walden
Narada Michael Walden ( ; Michael Walden; born April 23, 1952) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He acquired the nickname Narada from Sri Chinmoy.
He began his career as a drummer, working primarily in the jazz ...
, ''Sending Love to Everyone '' (Walden 1995)
* Norman Connors
Norman Connors (born March 1, 1947) is an American jazz drummer, composer, arranger, and producer who has led a number of influential jazz and R&B groups. He also achieved several big R&B hits of the day, especially with love ballads. He is pos ...
, ''Dance of Magic'' (Cobblestone, 1972)
* Passport
A passport is an official travel document issued by a government that contains a person's identity. A person with a passport can travel to and from foreign countries more easily and access consular assistance. A passport certifies the perso ...
, ''Talk Back'' (WEA, 1988)
* Patrick Moraz
Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter, best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and The Moody Blues.
Born into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age an ...
, '' The Story of I'' (Atlantic, 1976)
* Paul Jackson, ''Black Octopus'' (Eastworld, 1978)
* Paul Jackson Jr., ''Never Alone'' (Blue Note, 1996)
* Roberta Flack
Roberta Cleopatra Flack (born February 10, 1937) is a retired American singer. She topped the ''Billboard'' charts with the No. 1 singles " The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face", " Killing Me Softly with His Song", " Feel Like Makin' Love", " W ...
, '' Feel Like Makin' Love'' (Atlantic, 1974)
* Robin Kenyatta
Robin Kenyatta (March 6, 1942 – October 26, 2004) was an American jazz alto saxophonist.
Early life
Born Robert Prince Haynes in Moncks Corner, South Carolina, Kenyatta grew up in New York City and began playing the saxophone at age 14. He wa ...
, ''Stompin' at the Savoy'' (Atlantic, 1974)
* Robin Kenyatta
Robin Kenyatta (March 6, 1942 – October 26, 2004) was an American jazz alto saxophonist.
Early life
Born Robert Prince Haynes in Moncks Corner, South Carolina, Kenyatta grew up in New York City and began playing the saxophone at age 14. He wa ...
, ''Beggars and Stealers'' (Muse, 1977)
* Rodney Franklin, ''Learning to Love'' (Columbia, 1982)
* Rolf Kühn, ''Cucu Ear'' (MPS, 1980)
* Roy Ayers
Roy Ayers (born September 10, 1940) is an American funk, soul, and jazz composer, vibraphone player, and music producer. Ayers began his career as a post-bop jazz artist, releasing several albums with Atlantic Records, before his tenure at Po ...
, ''Ubiquity'' (Polydor, 1970)
* Teruo Nakamura
was a Taiwanese- Japanese soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army who fought for Japan in World War II and did not surrender until 1974. He was the last known Japanese holdout to surrender after the end of hostilities in 1945.
Military servi ...
, ''Unicorn'' (Three Blind Mice, 1973)
* Tim Hardin
James Timothy Hardin (December 23, 1941 – December 29, 1980) was an American folk and blues musician and composer. As well as releasing his own material, several of his songs, including " If I Were a Carpenter" and " Reason to Believe", be ...
, '' Bird on a Wire'' (Columbia, 1971)
* Tony Newton, ''Mysticism & Romance'' (NCI, 1978)
* Torsten de Winkel
Torsten de Winkel (born 6 January 1965) is a German musician, composer, and philosopher primarily active in the jazz, world music, fusion and electronic music genres. He is known as an electric and acoustic guitarist but also records and perfor ...
, ''Mastertouch'' (EMI, 1985)
* Wayne Shorter
Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Shorter came to prominence in the late 1950s as a member of, and eventually primary composer for, Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers. In the 1960s, he joined Miles Dav ...
, ''Odyssey of Iska
''Odyssey of Iska'' is the fourteenth album by American jazz composer and saxophonist Wayne Shorter, released on Blue Note Records in 1971. Musicians include guitarist Gene Bertoncini, bassists Ron Carter and Cecil McBee and drummer Billy Hart ...
'' (Blue Note, 1971)
* Weather Report
Weather Report was an American jazz fusion band active from 1970 to 1986. The band was founded in 1970 by Austrian virtuoso keyboardist Joe Zawinul, American saxophonist Wayne Shorter, Czech bassist Miroslav Vitouš, American drummer and voca ...
, ''Weather Report
Weather Report was an American jazz fusion band active from 1970 to 1986. The band was founded in 1970 by Austrian virtuoso keyboardist Joe Zawinul, American saxophonist Wayne Shorter, Czech bassist Miroslav Vitouš, American drummer and voca ...
'' (Columbia, 1971)
References
External links
*
Alphonse Mouzon
at Drummerworld
Drummerworld is a Swiss drum website created by Bernhard Castiglioni in 1997. The site focuses on the biographies of prominent rock and jazz drummers and drum lessons, along with a discussion forum.
Popularity and awards
Half of ''Drumme ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mouzon, Alphonse
1948 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cancer in California
Musicians from Charleston, South Carolina
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
African-American drummers
American jazz drummers
City College of New York alumni
Weather Report members
Blue Note Records artists
Pausa Records artists
Jazz fusion drummers
The Eleventh House members
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people