total return
The total return on a portfolio of investments takes into account both the capital appreciation on the portfolio, and the income received on the portfolio. The income typically consists of interest, dividends, and securities lending fees. This co ...
stock index
In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market perform ...
acting as a benchmark to compare prices on the
Pakistan Stock Exchange
The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), founded as Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), is a stock exchange based in Karachi, Pakistan. PSX was classified by MSCI as a frontier market on 8 September 2021.
Pakistan Stock Exchange was founded in 1947 as ...
(PSX) over a period.
In determining representative companies to compute the index on, companies with the highest
market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.
Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by ...
are selected. However, to ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included.
History
KSE 100 Index was launched in November 1991 with a base of 1,000 points.
In November 1994, Baring Securities London recomposed the index and established rules for its recomposition.
Steady growth
In 2001, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) became the highest-performing stock market globally, supported by macroeconomic policies that increased foreign exchange reserves above five billion dollars and strengthened the rupee. Daily trading volumes reached approximately 200 million shares. The market's positive trajectory was temporarily affected by military tensions following an attack on the Indian parliament. Intervention by
U.S. Secretary of State
The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State.
The secretary of state serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
Colin Powell
Colin Luther Powell ( ; – ) was an Americans, American diplomat, and army officer who was the 65th United States secretary of state from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African-American to hold the office. He was the 15th National Security ...
and actions against militant groups by President
Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani general and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008.
Prior to his career in politics, he was a four-star general and appointed as ...
helped stabilize the situation. As a result, the KSE index rose by nearly 400 points, and the market capitalization reached 400 billion rupees.
By February 2007, it had skyrocketed to 12,285 points.
2007 (Record breaking growth)
KSE-100 index touched the highest ever benchmark of 14,814 points on December 26, 2007, a day before the
assassination
Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives.
Assassinations are orde ...
of former Prime Minister
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 1996. She was also the first woman elected to head a democratic governmen ...
, when the index nosedived.
2008 Global crisis
*April 20: Karachi Stock Exchange achieved a major milestone when KSE-100 Index crossed the psychological level of 15,000 for the first time in its history and peaked 15,737.32 on 20 April 2008. Moreover, the increase of 7.4 per cent in 2008 made it the best performer among major
emerging markets
An emerging market (or an emerging country or an emerging economy) is a market that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become developed markets in the future or we ...
.
* May 23: Record high inflation in the month of May, 2008 resulted in the unexpected increase in the
interest rates
An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, ...
by
State Bank of Pakistan
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) is the central bank of Pakistan. Its Constitution, as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, remained basically unchanged until 1 January 1974, when the bank was nationalised and the scope ...
which eventually resulted in sharp fall in Karachi Stock Exchange.
* July 17: Angry investors attacked the Karachi Stock Exchange in protest at plunging Pakistani share prices.
* July 16: KSE-100 Index dropped one-third from an all-time high hit in April, 2008 as rising pressure on shaky Pakistan's coalition government to tackle
militants exacerbates concern about the country's economic woes.
* August 18: KSE 100 Index rose more than 4% after the announcement of the resignation of President
Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani general and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008.
Prior to his career in politics, he was a four-star general and appointed as ...
but
Credit Suisse Group
Credit Suisse Group AG (, ) was a global Investment banking, investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. According to UBS, eventually Credit Suisse was to be fully integrated into UBS. While the integration ...
said that Pakistan's Post-Musharraf rally in Stock Exchange will be short-lived because of a rising fiscal deficit and runaway inflation.
* August 28 : Karachi Stock Exchange set a floor for stock prices to halt a plunge that has wiped out $36.9 billion of
market value
Market value or OMV (open market valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Market value is often used interchangeably with ''open market value'', ''fair value'' or '' fair market value'', although t ...
since April.
* December 15: Trading resumes after the removal of floor on stock prices that was set on August 28 to halt sharp falls.
2013-2014 (Post-Elections)
As of April 30, KSE-100 Index recorded a new increase in its value standing at 28,913 points, that is more than 45.2% since the last fiscal year of 2012–2013.
2016 (Reaching new heights)
By the month of June, KSE-100 was in positive conditions and it achieved 38,777 points on 17 June 2016.
2017 (All-time high)
In January 2017, the stock market hit the all-time high of 49,969 points. On 13 February, it stands at 49,876 points.
Pakistan qualified for the popular MSCI Emerging Markets Index in May 2017, an upgrade from Morgan Stanley Capital International's (MSCI) Frontier Market (FM) index.
On 25 May 2017, the KSE-100 index reached the all-time high of 53,124 points, later it tanked to 37,919 points in a matter of seven months.
Following Britain's decision to leave EU on 24 June, KSE dropped 1,100 points (3.1 percent) as stock markets went in turmoil as investors sought safe havens like gold and government bonds.
2020 (COVID-19)
The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was reported on 26 February 2020. Its impact resulted in the fall of around 62% of KSE-100 index, lowest at 27,200 on March 25, 2020, from the high of 43,218 points on January 13, 2020. Despite the fall greater than 2005 and 2008 crisis, The market remained calm and confident, and no investors have made accusations of market manipulations and unfair trading.
2024
On 4 October 2024, the KSE-100 index gained 810.19 points, or 0.98 percent, during the session and closing at a record high of 83,531.96 points.
Adamjee Insurance
Nishat Group ( ) is a group of companies headquartered in Lahore, Pakistan. It was founded by in 1951. Mian Muhammad Mansha is the current chairman of the group.
At least eleven of the Nishat Group's subsidiaries are listed on the Pakistan ...
Askari Bank
Askari Bank Limited ( ) is a Pakistani commercial and retail bank headquartered in Islamabad. It is a subsidiary of Fauji Fertilizer Company, which is part of Fauji Foundation.
History
Askari Bank was founded in October 1991 as Askari Commercia ...
*
Attock Petroleum
Attock Petroleum Limited ( ) is a Pakistani oil marketing company which is a subsidiary of the UK-domiciled company Attock Oil Company. Based in Rawalpindi, it is the third largest oil marketing company in Pakistan.
History
Attock Petroleum ...
*
Attock Refinery
Attock Refinery Limited ( ) is a Pakistani oil refinery headquartered in Rawalpindi. It is a subsidiary of UK-domiciled Attock Oil Company. It is the oldest oil refinery of Pakistan.
It is listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange.
History 1922–19 ...
*
Avanceon
Avanceon Limited is a Pakistani technology company headquartered in Lahore.
Avanceon subsidiaries include Avanceon FZE Dubai, Avanceon Automation & Control W.L.L Qatar, Octopus Digital, and Avanceon Saudi for Energy Co. WLL.
History
Founded i ...
Bank Alfalah
Bank Alfalah Limited ( ), formerly known as Habib Credit and Exchange Bank, is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of an Emirati conglomerate, Abu Dhabi United Group.
It is one of the largest private banks ...
Bannu Woollen Mills
Bibojee Group ( ) is a group of companies headquartered in Karachi. It is among the major enterprises in Pakistan, incorporating businesses in manufacturing – textiles, automotive vehicles, tyres, insurance, and construction industries.
H ...
Cnergyico
Cnergyico Pk Limited, formerly Byco Petroleum Pakistan Limited and Bosicor Pakistan Limited, is a Pakistani petroleum refinery based in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of the Mauritian company Cnergyico Industries Incorporated.
Cnergyico operates t ...
Dawood Hercules
Engro Holdings Limited, formerly known as Dawood Hercules Corporation Limited ( ) is a Pakistani holding company headquartered in Karachi.
History
Engro Holdings was incorporated in 1968 as Dawood Hercules Chemicals Limited, a joint venture ...
*
DG Cement
DG Cement is a Pakistani building materials company based in Lahore. It is part of Nishat Group.
DG Cement operates three plants located in Khairpur, Chakwal, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Hub, Balochistan.
History
DG Cement was established in 1986 b ...
Engro Corporation
Engro Corporation Limited, formerly Engro Chemicals Pakistan Limited, and commonly known as Engro ( ), is a Pakistani conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered in Karachi. It was founded as Esso Fertilizer in 1965 by Esso. Its subsidiar ...
FrieslandCampina Engro Pakistan
FrieslandCampina Engro Pakistan Limited (FCEPL) is a Pakistani dairy products company which is a subsidiary of Dutch multinational cooperative FrieslandCampina. It is based in Karachi, Pakistan.
FrieslandCampina Engro Pakistan produces products ...
Ghani Glass
Ghani Group of Companies, commonly known as Ghani Group, is a Pakistani conglomerate company headquartered in Lahore, Pakistan. It encompasses different business sectors: Construction, Mining, Glass, Dairy, Poultry and Automobiles.
Ownership
Ghani ...
HabibMetro
HABIBMETRO ( ; stylized in all uppercase) is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of Swiss bank Habib Bank AG Zurich.
History 1992–2011: Initial years, growth, and focus on trade finance
Habib Metropolit ...
Interloop Limited ''Italic text''
Interloop Limited is a Pakistani textile manufacturer based in Faisalabad. It supplies socks and leggings to retailers consisting of Nike, Adidas, H&M, Puma, Levi's, Reebok and Target.
The company has five hosiery manufactur ...
K-Electric
K-Electric Limited (KE), formerly known as Karachi Electric Supply Company Limited or Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Limited, is a Pakistani utility company based in Karachi.
Privatised in 2005, KE is the only vertically integrated utili ...
Lotte Chemical
Lotte Chemical Corporation () is a chemical company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. Lotte Chemical is one of the largest chemical companies in the world by revenue. Lotte Chemical manufactures synthetic resins and other chemical products us ...
Mari Petroleum
Mari Energies Limited, formerly Mari Petroleum Company Limited, and commonly known as Mari ( ), is a Pakistani energy company based in Islamabad. It is controlled by the Fauji Foundation, which holds a 40 percent stake. It primarily operates in ...
*
MCB Bank
MCB Bank Limited is a Pakistani commercial bank which is based in Lahore, Punjab. It is majority owned by a group of companies affiliated with Nishat Group and Malaysian bank Maybank.
MCB Bank is listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange and the Lon ...
Murree Brewery
Murree Brewery is a Pakistani multinational manufacturer of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. It is Pakistan's largest and oldest producer of alcoholic products. In 2015, it produced 10 million litres of beer, along with hundreds of tons of ...
National Foods
Bega Dairy & Drinks (also known as BDD or BDD Pty Ltd) is a subsidiary of Australian diversified food company the Bega Group, having been purchased from the Japanese company Kirin (who owns Lion in Australia) in November 2020. It was previou ...
Nestlé Pakistan
Nestlé Pakistan Limited ( ), a subsidiary of the Swiss multinational Nestlé, is a leading food and beverage company based in Lahore, Pakistan. It produces and markets a diverse range of products, including dairy, confectionery, coffee, bevera ...
Pakistan Refinery
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL) is a Pakistani oil refinery based in Karachi. Founded in May 1960, it is traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.Pakistan Petroleum
Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) is a Pakistani state-owned oil and gas company headquartered in Karachi. It is one of the largest exploration and production companies in the country and contributes over 20% of the country’s total natural gas ...
Pakistan State Oil
Pakistan State Oil Company Limited (PSOCL) operating as PSO, is a Karachi-based, state-owned energy company. Established in 1976, the company operates in the oil and gas industry.As of 2024, it maintains a network of 3,580 retail outlets, nine i ...
*
Ptcl
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd., commonly known as PTCL, is the national telecommunication company in Pakistan.Pakistan Tobacco Company
Pakistan Tobacco Company Limited is a Pakistani tobacco manufacturer based in Islamabad. It is a subsidiary of British American Tobacco. It is headquartered in Islamabad, Pakistan and is the biggest cigarette maker in Pakistan. It has two factori ...
Saif Power
Saif Group ( ) is a group of companies headquartered in Islamabad. It operates in electric power, power, health care, textiles, real estate, and Telecommunications service provider, telecommunications. It is majority owned by Saifullah Khan fami ...
Service
Service may refer to:
Activities
* Administrative service, a required part of the workload of university faculty
* Civil service, the body of employees of a government
* Community service, volunteer service for the benefit of a community or a ...
*
Shell
Shell may refer to:
Architecture and design
* Shell (structure), a thin structure
** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses
Science Biology
* Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...
Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in th ...
Tariq Glass
The KSE-100 Index is a total return index, total return stock index acting as a benchmark to compare prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over a period.
In determining representative companies to compute the index on, companies with the h ...
Unity Foods
Unity Foods Limited, formerly known as Taha Spinning Mills, is a Pakistani food company headquartered in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of Singaporean multinational company, Wilmar International.
Unity Foods produces staples (flour, rice, lentils ...
* Yousuf Weaving Mills
Former
*
Adamjee Insurance
Nishat Group ( ) is a group of companies headquartered in Lahore, Pakistan. It was founded by in 1951. Mian Muhammad Mansha is the current chairman of the group.
At least eleven of the Nishat Group's subsidiaries are listed on the Pakistan ...
* Archroma Pakistan
*
Air Link Communication
KMI 30 Index is a stock market index on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in Pakistan of thirty companies that have been screened for Islamic Shariah criteria. The index was introduced in 2009 and the base period for this Islamic index is 30 June 200 ...
*
Aisha Steel
Aisha Steel Mills Limited (ASML) () is a Karachi-based steel manufacturing company with production capacity of 220,000 metric tons per year. It is owned by Arif Habib Group.
Its plant is located at Bin Qasim, Karachi and produces at a capacity ...
BankIslami Pakistan
BankIslami Pakistan Limited ( ) is a Pakistani Islamic bank based in Karachi.
History
BankIslami was founded on March 31, 2005. On the 26th of September 2005, Dubai Bank joined the sponsors and became one of the founding shareholders of BankIs ...
Pak Suzuki Motors
Pak Suzuki Motor Company Limited (PSMCL) is a Pakistani automobile company which is a subsidiary of Japanese automaker Suzuki.
*
Saif Power
Saif Group ( ) is a group of companies headquartered in Islamabad. It operates in electric power, power, health care, textiles, real estate, and Telecommunications service provider, telecommunications. It is majority owned by Saifullah Khan fami ...
Sui Southern Gas Company
The Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC), () formerly known as Sui Gas Transmission Company Limited, is a Pakistani state-owned natural gas supply company based in Karachi, Pakistan.
Sui Southern Gas Company is Pakistan's leading integrated gas com ...
Annual performance
The following table shows the annual performance of the KSE 100 Index based on closing on 31 December each year, which was calculated back to 1990 when the index was launched.
CDC
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and is headquartered in Atlanta, ...