Taher Saifuddin

Taher Saifuddin (4 August 1888 – 12 November 1965), also known as Tahir Sayf al-Din, was the 51st and longest serving Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. Saifuddin adapted the modernisation in Western and European ideas, and established its benefits for the Bohras, whilst still steeped in the traditions and the culture of the community's Fatimid heritage. Saifuddin laid substantial groundwork in terms of philanthropy, education, entrepreneurship, social outreach, political outreach, and community upliftment upon which his successors continued to build, resulting in an unprecedented era of prosperity among the Dawoodi Bohras.

Early life

Taher Saifuddin was born to Mohammed Burhanuddin I and Amatullah Aaisaheba on 4 August 1888 in Surat, British India (present day the state of Gujarat).

Da'i al-Mutlaq

Saifuddin became the 51st al-Dāʿī al-Mutlaq in the year 1915 at the age of 28.

During his reign, he rebuilt and repaired many monuments of the Fatimid Imams, al-Dāʿī al-Mutlaq, and other structures, and artifacts.

Education

Saifuddin was instrumental in setting up over 350 co-ed institutes, some of which bear his name, including but not limited to: Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Surat, Saifee Hall in Calcutta, Saifiyah Girls School in Karachi, Saifi High in Mumbai, Saifee Nursery at Saifee Mahal in Mumbai, Saifee Eide Zahabi College in Karachi, Saifee Golden Jubilee Quaderia College in Burhanpur, Saifee Jubilee Arts and Commerce College in Sidhpur. Mohammed Burhanuddin later organized the schools under the banner of MSB Educational Institute (also known as Al Madrasa Tus Saifiya Tul Burhaniyah), which are affiliated with Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and, as of 2011, has branches in 22 cities across India, Pakistan, East Africa, and the Middle East. Burhanuddin organized the numerous religious schools world-wide known as ''Madrasas'' under the purview of the department of ''Attalim''.

Saifuddin was appointed the Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University for four consecutive terms, starting in 1953. Under Saifuddin's chancellorship, Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, laid the foundation of Asia's largest library, the ''Maulana Azad Library'', at AMU.

Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah

Saifuddin from his own personal wealth renovated ''Dars-e Saifee'', an institution of Islamic studies, founded by his predecessor Abdeali Saifuddin in Surat, transformed it in to a university by introducing secular courses and establishing affiliations with international educational bodies, and consequently renamed it Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah ().

Keeping in line with tradition of his predecessor, Ismail Badr al-Din I, the ''talabat al-ilm'' () of the institution were provided with lodging and meals at full cost to the office of Dai al-Mutlaq. To further inclusion and expansion, Saifuddin admitted to ''Aljamea'' its first female students. As is tradition, in his capacity as Dai al-Mutlaq, Saifuddin personally taught select classes at the newly renovated Academy. Saifuddin brought about a structural and functional change at ''Aljamea'': He personally oversaw the standardization of the syllabus of each class and wrote numerous memoranda and treatises which were instilled into the curriculum. To this day, the treatises written by Saifuddin and his successors, Mohammed Burhanuddin and Mufaddal Saifuddin, are taught through the year and are central subjects of ''al-Imtihan al-Sanawi'' (), among other religious and secular subjects.

After succeeding his father, Burhanuddin significantly expanded the reach of ''Aljamea'': He added Mahad al-Zahra, an institute of Quranic studies , re-renovated the Surat campus , established campuses at Karachi , Nairobi , and Mumbai . ''Aljamea'' and its graduates have since become integral to spiritual and temporal aspects of the Dawoodi Bohra community.

Community service

Saifuddin founded ''Bunaiyat-tul-Eidiz-Zahabi'', a volunteer-run organisation of Dawoodi Bohra Women, in the 1950s which set a precedent that led to formation of ''Burhani Womens Association'' by his son Burhanuddin; ''Happy Threads'' and ''Supermums'' by Mufaddal Saifuddin's daughter Umme Haani in , and ''The Radiant Arts'' by Mufaddal Saifuddin's daughter-in-law Zaenab Imaduddin.

In a similar vein, Saifuddin established an organisation of Dawoodi Bohra men, ''Shabab ul-Eid iz-Zahabi'', during the ''Golden Jubilee'' celebrations of his 50 years in the office of Dai al-Mutlaq, exclusively for community service. Mohammed Burhanuddin would later found the Burhani Guards (for crowd-control at ''miqaats'' ), ''Tolaba ul-Kulliyat il-Mumenoon'' (of college and school students), ''Burhani Medical Idara'' (of medical professionals), ''Saifee Ambulance'' in India, and ''Burhani Ambulance'' in Pakistan (of paramedics and first responders). Mufaddal Saifuddin, on his first visit to North America, established ''Saifee Burhani Medical Association (America)'', on 14 March 2015.

Rasm-e Saifee

To subsidize costs and facilitate marriages among the close knit Dawoodi Bohra, Saifuddin initiated ''Rasm-e Saifee'' () in Jamnagar and later institutionalised it . ''Rasm-e Saifee'' is a singular occasion when multiple ''Nikah'' are solemnized at the hands of the Da'i al-Mutlaq and his representatives. Burhanuddin further organized it under ''International Taiyseer al-Nikah Committee'' (ITNC) (), which organizes ''Rasm-e Saifee'' throughout the year at various ''miqaats'' (). Burhanuddin's successor, Mufaddal Saifuddin, continues to uphold the tradition.

Contributions to Islamic Institutions

Saifuddin contributed vast sums of money towards the refurbishment of mosques and shrines. He along with the Nizam of Hyderabad were among the few Indian Muslims to contribute towards the renovation of Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem:

:Sultan Taher Saif al-Din is said to have come from India with one hundred and fifty of his followers...At the Jerusalem station he was welcomed by the Mufti and other Sheikhs of the Supreme Moslem Council and a number of Arab notables including Ragheb Bey Nashashibi. A troop of Arab boy scouts paraded in his honour and there were two bands from Moslem institutions...The sultan was reputed to be a man of great wealth who had made substantial contributions to the religious and political funds of the Arabs of this country.

Saifuddin also gifted the internal curtains which were kept in the Kaaba for decades to King Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia in 1354AH, with whom he kept warm relations.

Saifuddin constructed Ghurrat-ul Masajid (), also known as Saifee Masjid, in Mumbai, Al-Mahal al-Saifee () for pilgrims in Mecca, the zarih of Ali Ibn Abi Talib in Najaf and Husayn ibn Ali in Karbala and Cairo, the mausoleum of Qutub Khan Qutub al-Din and Fakhr al-Din Shaheed. He also made and donated the kiswah for the Masjid al-Haram.

The Chandabhoy Galla Case

Family

Saifuddin married Husaina Aaisaheba, who was also from the family of the ''Du'at Mutlaqeen''. After her death, he then married Vazira Aaisaheba, Fatima Aaisaheba, and Amina Aaisaheba.

Saifuddin had 12 sons and 8 daughters: His sons were Mohammed Burhanuddin, Husain Husamuddin, Abdut Taiyeb Zakiyuddin, Yusuf Najmuddin, Ismail Shehabuddin, Hatim Hamiduddin, Qasim Hakimuddin, Aliasgar Kalimuddin, Shabbir Nooruddin, Abbas Fakhruddin, Mohammed al-Baqir Jamaluddin, and Khuzaima Qutbuddin. His daughters were Asma, Maryam, Khadijah, Zahra, Shireen, Banu, Fatema, and Zainab.

Saifuddin descends from the family of the early leaders of the Fatimid mission in India, Fakhr al-Din and Abd al-Qadir Hakim al-Din.

Works

Rasāʾil Ramaḍāniyya (Epistles)

Saifuddin's Risalah () are peculiarly titled gematrically equivalent to the Hijri year of its publication.

Recognition

Saifuddin was conferred Doctor of Theology by Aligarh Muslim University on 15 April 1946, and later accepted the chancellorship for which he was elected to for four consecutive terms.

Saifuddin was among the first to be conferred Doctor of Laws by Karachi University .

Saifuddin was voted among ''100 Greatest Indian Muslims of the Twentieth Century'' in an opinion poll run by Milli Gazette.

Death

Saifuddin died on 12 November 1965 (19 Rajab al-Asab 1385H) at Matheran, a hill-station in Maharashtra, India. He is buried at Raudat Tahera, a mausoleum opposite Ghurrat-ul Masajid in South Bombay, constructed by his successor, Mohammed Burhanuddin.

Legacy

The Dandi Memorial

Saifuddin donated his home ''Saifee Villa'' in Dandi, Navsari where Gandhi stayed for ten days during his historic march from Sabarmati Ashram against the English Salt Laws, to Nehru in 1961. It was later converted into a National Museum. Present day, it lies adjacent to the 15-acre National Salt Satyagraha Memorial which was inaugurated by Narendra Modi in 2019.

Aligarh Muslim University

The ''Syedna Taher Saifuddin School'' at Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is named after him in his honour. Saifuddin was the longest serving chancellor at AMU at 12 years, and was a patron of the ''Ali Society'' at AMU.

Hospitals

Saifee Hospital in Mumbai, inaugurated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2005, was dedicated to Saifuddin by his successor, Mohammed Burhanuddin, who built the hospital in social service. Saifee Hospital was one of the first responders to 2008 Mumbai Terror Attacks. Another hospital of the same name was built by Mohammed Burhanuddin in Karachi and dedicated to his father.

Housing

In 2009 Mohammed Burhanuddin founded Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust (SBUT), a large-scale cluster redevelopment project in Bhendi Bazaar and dedicated it to his father, Saifuddin. The Government of Maharashtra plans to develop Kamathipura, one of the oldest neighborhoods of South Mumbai, after the ''cluster redevelopment'' model pioneered by SBUT.

Remembrance

Saifuddin's ''urs'' () is commemorated annually by the Dai al-Mutlaq at Saifee Masjid, South Bombay. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah's annual examinations, ''Imtihan al-Sanawi'', commence after the Dai al-Mutlaq delivers the ''Zikra'' sermons in remembrance of Saifuddin.Alt URL
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Memorials

Shortly after Saifuddin's demise, on 18 March 1966 Mohammed Burhanuddin established ''His Holiness Dr. Syedna Taher Saifuddin Memorial Trust'' for educational and medicinal financial aid for institutions and individuals.

In memory of his father Burhanuddin set up ''Matheran Memorial Hall'', a museum and lodging facility in the hill station of Matheran, where Saifuddin died.

Notes

References

Further reading

*Tahera Qutbuddin and Aziz Qutbuddin.“The Intellect is the Essence of the Human”: The Arabic Poem of the Intellect (''Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql'') by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī l-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (1888-1965), ''Journal of Arabic Literature'' 54 (2023), pp. 1-50.
*Tahera Qutbuddin. “Karbala Mourning among the Fāṭimid-Ṭayyibī-Shīʿa of India: Doctrinal and Performative Aspects of Sayyidnā Ṭāhir Sayf al-Dīn’s Arabic Lament, ‘O King of Martyrs’ (''Yā Sayyida l-Shuhadāʾī''),” ''Shii Studies Review'' 5 (2021), pp. 3-46.
*Tahera Qutbuddin. “The Daʾudi Bohra Tayyibis: Ideology, Literature, Learning, and Social Practice,” in ''A Modern History of the Ismailis: Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community'', ed. Farhad Daftary, London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2011, pp. 331-54.
*Abdul Qaiyum Mulla Habibullah, ''His Holiness Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb, Dai-ul-Mutlaq of Dawoodi Bohra'', Dawoodi Bohra Book Depot Publications, 1953.
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*''Life and Works of His Holiness Syedna Dr. Taher Saifuddin Saheb'', Leader Press Pvt. Ltd. Publications.
*Mustafa Abdulhussein, ''Al-Dai Al-Fatimi Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: An Illustrated Biography'', Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publications.

See also

*List of Dai of Dawoodi Bohra

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Taher Saifuddin
Dawoodi Bohra da'is
Vice-chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University
Scholars from Gujarat
1888 births
1965 deaths
Gujarati people
People from Surat
Deified men
20th-century Ismailis
Indian Muslims
20th-century Indian Muslims