Tadeusz Browicz (15 September 1847 – 20 March 1928) was a Polish

pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

born in

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

. He studied medicine in

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

, earning his medical doctorate in 1873. Afterwards he remained at Kraków as an assistant to the pathologist Alfred Biesiadecki (1839–1889), and in 1875 received his habilitation. From 1880 to 1919 he was a full professor of

anatomical pathology Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination ...

at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...

, where in 1894–95 he served as its rector. Browicz made several contributions to medical science. In 1874 he was the first to describe the

bacillus ''Bacillus'', from Latin "bacillus", meaning "little staff, wand", is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum ''Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-sh ...

that causes

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella enterica'' serotype Typhi bacteria, also called ''Salmonella'' Typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often th ...

, later to be known as ''

Salmonella typhi ''Salmonella enterica'' subsp. ''enterica'' is a subspecies of ''Salmonella enterica'', the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. Many of the pathogenic serovars of the ''S. enterica'' species are in this subspecies, includin ...

'', and in 1898 was the first to correctly identify the

liver The liver is a major metabolic organ (anatomy), organ exclusively found in vertebrates, which performs many essential biological Function (biology), functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of var ...

Kupffer cells Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer–Browicz cells, are specialized cells localized in the liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls. K ...

as specialized

macrophages Macrophages (; abbreviated MPhi, φ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that ...

.Andrzej Śródka, Ryszard W. Gryglewski, Wojciech Szczepański
''Browicz or Kupffer Cells?''
Polish Journal of Pathology, Vol.57/4, Kraków 2006, 183–185, ISSN 1233-9687 He also performed important research of

jaundice Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or, less frequently, greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving ...

liver cancer Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy, is cancer that starts in the liver. Liver cancer can be primary in which the cancer starts in the liver, or it can be liver metastasis, or secondar ...

and

cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, the others being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall o ...

disorders. Among his written works was the 1905 publication of a Polish

medical dictionary A medical dictionary is a lexicon for words used in medicine. The four major medical dictionaries in the United States are ''Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions'', ''Stedman's'', ''Taber's'', and Dorland's Medical Diction ...

References

* ''This article is based on a translation of an article from the Polish Wikipedia.'' * R. Szymańska, M. Schmidt-Pospuła: ''Z historii badań Tadeusza Browicza (1847–1928) i Karola Kupfera (1829–1902) nad komórkami siateczkowo-śródbłonkowymi wątroby.'' Archiwum Historii Medycyny 1979

External links

''Komórki Browicza.''
1847 births 1928 deaths Physicians from Austria-Hungary Polish pathologists Polish bacteriologists Academic staff of Jagiellonian University Jagiellonian University alumni Rectors of the Jagiellonian University Members of the Lwów Scientific Society Physicians from Lviv {{poland-med-bio-stub