Syodontinae
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Syodontinae is a group of
dinocephalia Dinocephalians (terrible heads) are a clade of large-bodied early therapsids that flourished in the Early and Middle Permian between 279.5 and 260 million years ago (Ma), but became extinct during the Capitanian mass extinction event. ...
n therapsids. It is one of two
subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zool ...
in the family
Anteosauridae Anteosauridae is an extinct family of large carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids that are known from the Middle Permian of Asia, Africa, and South America.These animals were by far the largest predators of the Permian period, with skulls reachin ...
, the other being
Anteosaurinae Anteosaurinae is an extinct subfamily of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Syodontinae. Description These are very specialized, very large anteosaurs. The postcanine teeth are ...
. They are known from the Middle Permian Period of what is now Russia and South Africa. One of the best known syodontines is '' Syodon'' from Russia. The South African form '' Australosyodon'', is one of the earliest known Gondwanan anteosaurs.


Description

Syodontines lack the boss on the lower jaw that characterises the related anteosaurines, and they have often been considered more primitive in this respect.


Classification

Below is a
cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ...
showing syodontine relationships from a 2012
phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
study of anteosaurians:


References

Anteosaurs Guadalupian first appearances Guadalupian extinctions Prehistoric animal subfamilies Therapsid subfamilies {{paleo-therapsid-stub