Swedish Fortifications Agency
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The Swedish Fortifications Agency ( sv, Fortifikationsverket, FortV) is a
Swedish government agency The government agencies in Sweden are state-controlled organizations that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the ...
under the
Ministry of Finance A ministry of finance is a part of the government in most countries that is responsible for matters related to the finance. Lists of current ministries of finance Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Finance and ...
, tasked with managing government-owned defense-related buildings and land. The agency functions as the
landlord A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a ''lessee'' or ''renter''). When a juristic person is in this position, ...
for the
Swedish Armed Forces The Swedish Armed Forces ( sv, Försvarsmakten, "the Defense Force") is the government agency that forms the armed forces of Sweden, tasked with the defense of the country as well as with promoting Sweden's wider interests, supporting internat ...
(), managing various types of military installations. The SFA is one of the largest holders of
real estate Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more genera ...
in Sweden.


Function in the government

The formation of the SFA in 1994 was part of the Swedish government effort to increase the cost-efficiency of government real estate usage through a system of
internal rent Internal rent is a form of transfer pricing where a company owning its own premises forces single departments in that company to pay rent for the real estate they use. This is typically organized by one department—the holding department—func ...
, which was meant to emulate
market-like A market system (or market ecosystem) is any systematic process enabling many market players to offer and demand: helping buyers and sellers interact and make deals. It is not just the price mechanism but the entire system of regulation, qualif ...
conditions. Swedish Agency for Public Management 2004, p. 5-6 The main purpose with the reform was to create economic incentives for the authorities in the public sector to economise on premises. In the defense sector, the real estate holdings were transferred from the
Swedish Armed Forces The Swedish Armed Forces ( sv, Försvarsmakten, "the Defense Force") is the government agency that forms the armed forces of Sweden, tasked with the defense of the country as well as with promoting Sweden's wider interests, supporting internat ...
— the user of the real estate — to the SFA; with the Swedish Armed Forces remaining in the estate as a tenant. Currently, the SFA acts as
landlord A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a ''lessee'' or ''renter''). When a juristic person is in this position, ...
for several Swedish government agencies in the defense sector. Swedish Fortifications Agency 2007, p. 12. The main tenant is the Swedish Armed Forces, which in 2007 was the source of over 90% of the SFA:s
revenue In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business. Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. Some companies receive rev ...
.


Economy

The SFA does not receive an allowance from the
government budget A government budget is a document prepared by the government and/or other political entity presenting its anticipated tax revenues (Inheritance tax, income tax, corporation tax, import taxes) and proposed spending/expenditure (Healthcare, Educ ...
. Ministry of Finance 2009, p. 5. Instead, it covers its expenses by charging
rent Rent may refer to: Economics *Renting, an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property *Economic rent, any payment in excess of the cost of production *Rent-seeking, attempting to increase one's share of e ...
for the real estate it leases. In 2008, the agency's
revenue In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business. Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. Some companies receive rev ...
was 3.0 billion SEK, and its net income 67 million SEK. The rent is adjusted so that the net income — which goes into the state
treasury A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or ...
— conforms to a predefined level of
return on equity The return on equity (ROE) is a measure of the profitability of a business in relation to the equity. Because shareholder's equity can be calculated by taking all assets and subtracting all liabilities, ROE can also be thought of as a return on ''a ...
, as set by the
Ministry of Finance A ministry of finance is a part of the government in most countries that is responsible for matters related to the finance. Lists of current ministries of finance Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Finance and ...
. To finance investments, the SFA borrows money from the National Debt Office (), which acts as the internal bank of the government.


Personnel

The SFA employed 689 people in 2008. The majority of the employees work on a local level in real estate units linked to garrisons, where employees work in areas such as
project management Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. T ...
,
property development Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re- lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to othe ...
and maintenance services. Swedish Fortifications Agency: At the regional and national level, employees work in real estate purchasing and sales, defense facility development, and various management functions. The SFA considers its
core competencies A core competency is a concept in management theory introduced by C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel.Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990)The core competence of the corporation", Harvard Business Review (v. 68, no. 3) pp. 79–91. It can be defined ...
to be security and protective technology. The agency has stated that it aims to increase the amount of outsourcing, and as an experiment in 2006, it outsourced the property maintenance of two garrisons.


Real estate stock

In 2008, the book value of the government real estate stock managed by the SFA was 10.1 billion SEK, largely consisting of depots, garrisons, training facilities, offices, and
proving ground A proving ground (US) is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. ...
s. In 2007, the total real estate stock included: Swedish Fortifications Agency * 8 000 buildings * 3.3 million square meters of open space facilities * 7 700 defense facilities * 11 airfields * 380 000
hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100- metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is ...
s of land, including: * 100 000
hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100- metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is ...
s of forest


Directors General


Directors General of the Swedish Fortifications Administration

*1948–1951: Nils Josef Einar Carlqvist *1951–1963: Gunnar Christianson *1963–1971: Birger Wallén *1971–1983: Stig Swanstein *1983–1989: Eric Pettersson *1989–1994-06-30: Björn Körlof


Directors General of the Swedish Fortifications Agency

*1994-07-01 – 1999:
Torsten Engberg Lieutenant General Torsten Reinhold Engberg (28May 1934 – 7February 2018) was a senior Swedish Coastal Artillery officer. Engberg was Chief of the Naval Staff from 1984 to 1987 and Chief of the Defence Staff from 1987 to 1991 as well ...
*1999–2002:
Jane Cederqvist Jane Barbro Iréne Cederqvist (1 July 1945 – 15 January 2023) was a Swedish freestyle swimmer. In 1960, she set two world records, won a silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics, and became the youngest person and the first woman to receive th ...
*2003–2009: Sören Häggroth *2009-03-01 – 2011-12-31: Lena Jönsson *2012-01-01 – 2018: Urban Karlström *2018-04-09 – 20xx: Maria Bredberg Pettersson


Notes


References

* * * * * * * * * * *


External links

* {{authority control Fortifications Agency Fortifications Agency Fortifications Agency Public finance of Sweden Military disbanding and disarmament