Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram and then by the hereditary rulers of

Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, Javanese: ; ), is a major List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in Central Java, Indonesia. The city adjoins Karanganyar Reg ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

. Additionally in

Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...

and

, so-called " Kings of kings" reigned with this title, while their kingdoms were called "Sunanates". The name Susuhunan is also used as a romantic nickname for loved ones, but also for highly respected public figures. Lovers or mistresses were also referred to with this nickname outside in private. The abbreviation Sunan is also used as a given name.

Names and titles

The full title of the Susuhunan of

in Javanese is: ''Sahandhap Sampeyandalem ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Paku Buwana Senapati ing Alaga Ngabdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama'' (" His Exalted Majesty, The Susuhunan Paku Buwana, Commander in the Field of Battle, Servant of the Most Gracious, the Regulator of Religion"). This long title is occasionally abbreviated in media with Latin texts as SSISKS, denoting Sahandhap Sampeyandalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan'', followed by the regnal name. The rulers of Surakarta traditionally adopt the

regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...

Pakubuwono (also spelled ''Pakubuwana'' ). Susuhunan is specific to the rulers of Surakarta; the rulers of

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...

, who are also descended from the Mataram

dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchy, monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. H ...

, have the title

Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Pakoe Boewono X Susuhunan van Solo met echtgenote en dochter in Soerakarta TMnr 60043309

The dates given are for the time ruling. * Pakubuwono II, 1727–1749 (Kartasura and Surakarta) * Pakubuwono III, 1749–1788 * Pakubuwono IV, 1788–1820 * Pakubuwono V, 1820–1823 *

Pakubuwono VI Pakubuwono VI (26 April 1807, in Surakarta, Central Java – 2 June 1849, in Ambon, Maluku, Ambon, Moluccas) (also transliterated Pakubuwana VI) was the sixth Susuhunan (ruler) of Surakarta Sunanate, Surakarta from 1823 to 1830 when he was deposed ...

, 1823–1830 * Pakubuwono VII, 1830–1858 * Pakubuwono VIII, 1859–1861 * Pakubuwono IX, 1861–1893 * Pakubuwono X, 1893–1939 * Pakubuwono XI, 1939–1945 * Pakubuwono XII, 1945–2004 * Pakubuwono XIII, 2004–present Note: For Pakubuwono XIII - from 2004 to 2012, there were two rival claimants to the throne, Hangabehi and Tedjowulan, both are sons of late Pakubuwono XII.In a Sultanate Known as Solo, One Too Many Kings
''NY Times'' (17 Feb 2008). Mydans, Seth.

References

* Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) ''Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java'' (First published: ''By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII''. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore Susuhunan of Surakarta Indonesian names Indonesian families Noble titles of Indonesia {{Indonesia-stub

Names and titles

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

See also

References