Stunting (radio)

Stunting is a type of publicity stunt in radio broadcasting, where a station—abruptly and often without advance announcement—begins to air content that is seemingly uncharacteristic compared to what is normally played.

Stunting is typically used to generate publicity and audience attention for upcoming changes to a station's programming, such as new branding, format, or as a soft launch for a newly-established station. Occasionally, a stunt may be purely intended as publicity or a protest, and not actually result in a major programming change. Stunts often involve a loop of a single song, or an interim format (such as the discography of a specific artist, Christmas music, or a novel theme that would not be viable as a permanent format), which may sometimes include hints towards the station's new format or branding.

To a lesser extent, stunting has also been seen on television, most commonly in conjunction with April Fools' Day, or to emphasize a major programming event being held by a channel.

Types of radio stunting and noted examples

Continuous loop

A station may stunt by repeating the same song, playlist, or other content on a continuous loop:
* The song(s) in question are commonly a clue towards the incoming format or branding, such as was the case in March 2014 when San Francisco Regional Mexican station KVVF/KVVZ stunted with a loop of "Hot in Herre" by Nelly for three days. This led into the stations' relaunch as rhythmic contemporary ''Hot 105.7''. The stunt notably attracted mainstream media attention, with the hashtag "#nelly1057" being used to discuss the event on Twitter.
** In late June 2022, CKKS-FM in Greater Vancouver similarly faced mainstream media attention when it played a loop of "Killing in the Name" by Rage Against the Machine as part of its transition from hot adult contemporary ''Kiss'' to modern rock ''Sonic''. The loop included kayfabe segments of DJs discussing their repeated playing of the song, and "callers" either requesting "Killing in the Name", or being denied a request for a different song—which led to a false impression that its employees had commandeered the station to protest staffing changes associated with the format change.
* Often the song chosen for the loop does not pertain to either the old or new format:
** In one of the oldest radio stunts recorded, WNOE-AM/New Orleans played "Shtiggy Boom" by The Nuggets nonstop for 58 hours and 45 minutes before the launch of its Top 40 format in early 1955.
**In 1961, XEAK San Diego/Tijuana played "Mope-itty Mope" by The Bosstones for 72 hours straight before launching one of the first all-news formats in North American radio.
**In 1962, WPOP Hartford disc jockey Joey Reynolds famously locked himself into a studio and played a then-unknown record named "Sherry" on repeat for several hours, a stunt that launched the career of the band that recorded it, The Four Seasons.
**Bob Fass was known for repeatedly looping songs throughout his overnight show ''Radio Unnameable'', most famously with Arlo Guthrie's "Alice's Restaurant" in 1965 and 1966. Fass's use of such stunts was a perverse form of pledge drive, often threatening to keep playing the songs over and over again until flagship station WBAI received a certain threshold of donations.Fisher, Marc.
Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution That Shaped a Generation
'. Page 136.
** Several stations, including WMGV/ Winneconne and WXMP/ Peoria, have stunted with various versions of "Louie Louie" by Richard Berry. In 1983, as part of an escalating rivalry involving the song between DJs at Foothill College's KFJC and University of California, Berkeley's KALX, KFJC conducted a 63 hour stunt event featuring around 800 different "Louie Louie" covers.
** In July 2013, the new Toronto radio station CIND-FM stunted with a loop of "Never Gonna Give You Up" by Rick Astley in a reference to the Rickroll meme, prior to its official launch as adult album alternative ''Indie 88''.
** Linder Radio Group is known for routinely using "Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport" by Rolf Harris as a filler stunt when changing a format on one of its stations.
* For four days before the July 8, 2012, relaunch of KOKE-FM/Austin — a station which popularized progressive country in the early 1970s, a live recording of Dale Watson's "Country My Ass" played in a continuous loop. This example of stunting is notable for the station-specific nature of the song's lyrics; Watson re-recorded the song for the occasion, adding a new coda in which he sings, "Now Austin's on track, 'cause KOKE-FM's back."
* In May 1990, the staff of Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio station Triple J staged an industrial action, after its news director was suspended for playing a clip of the N.W.A. song "Fuck tha Police" in a segment discussing its subject matter (despite the full song having been played by the station before without incident). During the action, Triple J played another N.W.A. song, " Express Yourself" (whose lyrics criticize censorship of rap music), 82 times in a row.
** Triple J paid homage to the event during the April 30, 2014 relaunch of digital radio station ABC Dig Music as sister station Double J, which was preceded by a stunt loop of 13 different versions of "Express Yourself" (including the original recording, and covers of the song by Australian musicians).
* WJMP/Kent, OH, in a protest over the Major League Baseball players' strike, continuously played two versions of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" sunrise-to-sunset (the station operated only during daytime hours), for two months (and 57,161 total plays) from August to October 1994. The stunt merited WJMP an entry in the '' Guinness Book of Sports Records''.
* After its April 2012 sale by Family Radio to Merlin Media, WKDN/Philadelphia stunted with a loop of "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" by R.E.M., in an apparent reference to the failed predictions by Family Radio owner Harold Camping that the Rapture would take place on May 21, 2011. The stunt later shifted to nonstop airings of ''The Sean Hannity Show'' as ''Hannity @ 106.9'' (with reruns of previous episodes aired when the show wasn't live), before launching a news/conservative talk format as ''iQ 106.9''.
** Later that year, in honor of the alleged Mayan apocalypse, modern rock station CFEX-FM/Calgary stunted with a loop of "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" on December 21, 2012 with no change in format. The song was interspersed with "Apocalypse Survival Tips" and "Get to Know a Mayan" sketches.
* Prior to its August 26, 2019 launch of a sports talk format affiliated with Fox Sports Radio, WDAS/Philadelphia stunted with a loop of the ''NFL on Fox'' theme music over the preceding weekend. The change in format was announced in advance of the flip.
*In a non-music example, the launch of Black Information Network—a chain of iHeartMedia news radio stations targeting African Americans—featured its initial stations playing a loop of speeches by prominent African Americans, mixed with sweepers promoting the launch date, and containing the tagline "Our side of the story is about to be told."
*Prior to the September 30, 2021 launch of an adult hits format, AAA station KTHX-FM in Reno stunted with instrumental jazz music mixed with sweepers stating that the station was " on hold".
*On May 12, 2025, as part of a transition from country music to adult hits ''Big FM'', CKHK-FM/Rockland and CHRC-FM/ Hawkesbury both stunted with a loop of "Bye Bye Mon Cowboy" by Quebecois musician Mitsou; the stations' new owners also operate a French-language radio station in Cornwall, Ontario, but the new stations would continue to broadcast in English.

Temporary formats

Occasionally a station dropping an old format will stunt with a transitional format, either containing hints towards the new format (such as songs referencing its new branding, and artists who may be included in the eventual format), or having little to do with it. This can include songs based on specific themes (such as a single musician), or novelties that would not be viable as a permanent format. In some cases (sometimes referred to as a "wheel of formats"), a station may cycle between multiple formats during the stunt until the new, permanent format launches.

* As part of its February 1996 transition from country music to rhythmic contemporary WKTU, New York City's WYNY carried simulcasts of programming from several of its Evergreen Media sister stations, including WRCX/Chicago (with morning host Mancow Muller informing his expanded audience that there would be "no more goat-ropin' music" on WYNY, making jokes directed towards competitors WHTZ and WXRK, and pulling a prank on the latter's morning host Howard Stern), KKBT/Los Angeles, WLUP/Chicago, KIOI/San Francisco, and WXKS/Boston.
* In 2006, after its sale to new owners, KFYE in Kingsburg, California, dropped its contemporary Christian music programming for a stunt format it dubbed "Porn Radio", featuring songs with sexually-suggestive lyrics, and songs edited to include moaning sounds; on August 3, 2006, the station emerged as rhythmic adult contemporary ''Sexy 106.3''. The station would hold a second publicity stunt in March 2007, promoting that the station would "say goodbye" on March 30; the ensuing announcement was a change in call letters to KSXE to match the ''Sexy'' moniker.
** WLYK in Cape Vincent, New York (serving Kingston, Ontario) pulled a similar stunt when it transitioned to new operators in February 2023, replacing its outgoing ''Kiss'' CHR format with "The Pole" (a pun of the name of one of the station's new owners, Jon Pole)—a variety format which played music that one would hear at a strip club. The stunt notably attracted the attention of an actual strip club in Kingston. The station emerged as adult hits ''Lake FM'' on March 17, 2023.
* In May 2009, WSKS in Utica, New York, announced that due to "financial constraints", its contemporary hit radio (CHR) format would be replaced by a beautiful music format similar to what was broadcast on sister station WUTQ. The ensuing programming included staged scenes of station employees protesting the changes. The "new format," however, lasted for only two hours before WSKS management came clean, restored the CHR format, and confirmed the stunt was a way to promote the station's new lineup.
* As a publicity stunt for the program by local broadcaster Global, Toronto radio station CIRR-FM (which usually broadcasts a CHR format targeting the LGBT community) temporarily rebranded as ''Glee FM'' on April 12, 2010, adding music from the U.S. musical comedy-drama series ''Glee'' to its playlist. On August 16, 2010, British radio station '' Oxford's FM 107.9'' held its own ''Glee FM'' stunt, leading into its August 18 relaunch as ''Glide FM''.
* Over Memorial Day weekend in 2010, WJZX-FM/Milwaukee, Wisconsin, stunted as ''Tiger 106.9'', featuring songs about cheating (in reference to an infidelity scandal involving golfer Tiger Woods). The station was expected to change to a top 40 format with the new call letters WNQW—with the new calls suggesting that its branding would involve the name "Now". However, competing station WQBW abruptly moved to introduce the same format and branding as ''97.3 Radio Now'', preventing WJZX from using the name. The station continued airing temporary formats (such as patriotic music and The Beatles' discography in alphabetical order), before settling on a permanent format in June 2010, as classic country station WZBK-FM (the station eventually adopted a rhythmic top 40 format in September 2012 as ''Energy 106.9'').
* In 2011, WWWN/Chicago and WEMP/New York—which had recently been sold to Merlin Media—transitioned from alternative rock to all-news radio as ''FM News''. As a transitional format, both stations aired a format branded as ''FM New'', which featured adult contemporary music interspersed with news, traffic, and weather updates from personalities who would serve under the new ''FM News'' formats.
* Some stations have held temporary stunts focused on specific artists in honor of major concert tours making stops in their markets, with KSON in San Diego briefly rebranding as ''The All-New George-FM'' in January 2014 ahead of the January 31 date on George Strait's farewell tour The Cowboy Rides Away (promoting an increased amount of George Strait music, and on-air giveaways of merchandise and concert tickets)'','' and San Francisco's KBAY announcing that it would temporarily rebrand as ''Tay Bay'' and play all-Taylor Swift music on July 28 and 29, 2023, in honor of The Eras Tour.
* On October 8, 2014, KROI/Houston ended its all-news format and began stunting as ''B92'', playing only music by Houston-native Beyoncé. The stunt led into its relaunch as classic hip-hop ''Boom 92''.
* KWFN, KEGY/San Diego used an unbranded mainstream rock format as part of its transition from CHR to a new hot talk-oriented format in 2018. The stunt's playlist featured Pink Floyd's "Welcome to the Machine" at the top of each hour, which teased its eventual branding as ''The Machine''.
* Multiple stations in the United States and Canada have stunted with Chinese music under the branding "Kung pao chicken, Kung Pao", such as KDOG (which led into a flip to classic hits), WVBW-FM, WVHT (which led into its re-launch as CHR ''Hot 100''), and CIGM-FM, CIGM (which led into its re-launch as CHR ''Hot 93.5'').
* In connection with President Donald Trump's presidency and the 2016 United States presidential election, 2016, 2020 United States presidential election, 2020, and 2024 United States presidential election, 2024 presidential elections in the United States, multiple radio stations have stunted with songs directly related to both his presidency and campaigns under either both ''Donald'' and ''Trump'' brandings, such as WJZM, WVWF (when it briefly stunted as ''Trump 105.1'' and played songs that aimed directly to his campaign such as Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall"—in referenced to his Mexico–United States border wall, border wall—in September 2016), and Hartford conservative talk station WDRC (AM), WDRC (which temporarily rebranded as ''Trump 103.3'' to promote its new FM translator W277DT, before returning to its normal "Talk of Connecticut" branding).
*In July 2021, Denver CHR station KDHT (FM), KPTT briefly aired all-Britney Spears music as ''Free Britney Radio'' (in reference to the Britney Spears conservatorship dispute) before re-launching its format as ''Hits 95.7''.
*On December 21, 2024, WQRR in Tuscaloosa, Alabama dropped its modern rock format and began stunting as ''Radio 101.7''. The station initially played all-Taylor Swift music, and then all-Michael Jackson music, all while implying that the station was being hacked by Russia. The initial segment of the stunt would earn the station attention on social media, with users believing it was connected to the then-recent 2024 Northeastern United States drone sightings, reports of unmanned drones flying across various cities in the United States. By December 23, the stunt format had been changed to 1980s in music, 80s music, with Christmas-themed bumpers promoting a new format launching on December 24. At that time, the station relaunched as Christian adult contemporary ''101.7 The River''.

Christmas music

The popular practice of radio stations Christmas music radio, playing all-Christmas music during the lead-up to (and occasionally the week after) Christmas Day has sometimes been used by stations as a transition period between formats. However, the ensuing format change can still occur before the end of the holiday season. Christmas music is sometimes used as a more blatant stunt format outside of the holiday season (in a similar spirit to ironic "Christmas in July" promotions).

*On November 17, 2017, Seattle country station KSWD (FM), KMPS flipped to Christmas music in defense of its former competitor and now-sister station, KKWF, following the merger of CBS Radio with KKWF's owner Entercom. While ostensibly for the holiday season, KMPS abruptly ended the all-Christmas programming on December 4, 2017, and flipped to soft adult contemporary. The following year, Entercom's Detroit station WDZH performed a similar flip from an outgoing CHR format to soft AC, with its transition period having lasted only three days.
* In April 2008, Saskatoon's new radio station CFWD-FM stunted with Christmas music as ''Santa FM'' prior to its official launch as CHR ''Wired 96.3''. In December 2012, the station used Christmas music to transition from CHR to adult hits.
** In April 2011, its Edmonton sister station CKEA-FM used a weekend of Christmas music to soft launch its new adult contemporary format ''Lite 95.7'', promoting the new station's intent to play all-Christmas music during the holiday season.
* Duluth's WEBC used Christmas music as a transitional format in September 2015 when flipping from sports talk to classic rock, with the station initially implying that the Christmas format was permanent.
* Richmond, Virginia, Richmond's WURV aired 12 hours of "inappropriately early" Christmas music on October 7, 2015, as a satire of Christmas creep and stations trying to be the first in their market to play Christmas music.
** WURV's sister station WJSR would notably conduct an unusually-long Christmas music stunt lasting from October 13, 2020 to March 4, 2021; the station had originally stunted with snippets of songs as "Short Attention Span Radio" from October 1. After just over five months of stunting in total, WJSR flipped to classic hits ''Awesome 100.9'' on March 4, 2021.
* In October 2018, KBFF in Portland, Oregon briefly stunted with a Halloween-themed format as ''eviL 95.5'' (an inversion of its typical branding ''Live 95.5''), as a parody of all-Christmas formats.

Other

* On January 7, 2019, country station KSED/Sedona, Arizona, Sedona began stunting with a speaking clock counting down to 6:00 a.m. on January 14, 2019. The stunt—which led into a rebranding with no change in format—prompted the Flagstaff, Arizona, Flagstaff Police Department to issue a statement clarifying that, despite concerns from residents, this was a promotional event with no harm intended.
* In 2018 and 2020, iHeartMedia used multiple stunts as part of its retooling and relaunch of CHR station KBKS-FM in Seattle.
** In late-October 2018 approaching Halloween, the station dropped its on-air personalities, and began to air promos and sweepers implicating the end of its existing ''Kiss'' format. Later, the station began to interrupt songs with a demonic voiceover stating that "''Kiss'' is dead", and air promos teasing an announcement on October 31. At that time, the station announced that it would revamp its on-air lineup with no change in format, explaining the prior stunt by stating that they were "dead serious" about finding "Seattle's Funniest Person" to join its morning show (as part of an accompanying contest).
** In July 2020, KBKS announced that it had hired Jubal Fresh—the former co-host of KQMV's nationally-syndicated morning show ''Brooke & Jubal''—to host a new morning show on the station. On August 3, 2020, the station temporarily rebranded as ''Jubal 106.1'' to promote the impending launch of ''The Jubal Show'', after which it adopted its new branding—''Hits 106.1''—on August 20 to coincide with its premiere.
* From March 27 to late-May 2020, CHR station WFLC/Miami, ''Hits 97.3'', branded as ''Quarantine Radio'' in reference to the COVID-19 pandemic and Florida's stay-at-home order. The station maintained its existing format, but added commercial-free hours of dance music mixes ("Dance and health, Fit Mixes") at 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily. In late-May, the ''Quarantine Radio'' branding was dropped and the station promoted itself as being "under construction", before re-launching the ''Hits'' format on June 3 with a new on-air lineup.

On television

Cartoon Network has broadcast its share of stunts over the years, many on April Fools' Day. On April 1, 1997, the network aired a stunt where it had purportedly been taken over by Screwy Squirrel, and subsequently broadcast the Screwy Squirrel cartoon "Happy-Go-Nutty" for 12 hours straight. Numerous complaints were received about this particular event, generally fielded by Cartoon Network's Cable television in the United States, cable providers, who had been left in the dark about the stunt. Later April Fools' Day stunts on Cartoon Network have included an 11 hour ''Cow and Chicken'' marathon in place of a scheduled ''Chowder (TV series), Chowder'' marathon on April 1, 2009, and 14 hours of programming edited to have googly eyes on April 1, 2017.

Adult Swim has held Adult Swim#April Fools' Day stunts, a number of their own April Fools' programming stunts, such as promoting a television premiere of ''Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters'' before its theatrical release (but displaying it in a comically-small picture-in-picture, window over regularly-scheduled programming), airings of the Cult film, cult Tommy Wiseau film ''The Room'', episodes of ''Aqua Teen Hunger Force'' and ''Rick and Morty'' redubbed by children and edited to be family-friendly ("Adult Swim Junior"), a one-off revival of Cartoon Network's former action and anime block Toonami (which would later be rebooted under the auspices of Adult Swim), an airing of Toonami with programs in their original Japanese language, Japanese audio with subtitles (including Masaaki Yuasa's 2004 experimental film ''Mind Game (film), Mind Game'') rather than an English dub, preceding an announced season 2 premiere of ''Smiling Friends'' with airings of several season 1 episodes recreated with Puppetry, puppets, and airing live-action recreations of ''Rick and Morty'' scenes staged in various styles of Play (theatre), theatrical plays. The stunts have sometimes included unannounced previews and premieres of new and existing series, such as additional episodes of ''Perfect Hair Forever'' after its supposed series finale, The Rickshank Rickdemption, the third season premiere of ''Rick and Morty'', and an unannounced world premiere of the first episode of ''FLCL''s third season before its second season had even premiered in the U.S. yet.

For 35 days in early-1998, Birmingham, Alabama's CBS affiliate WIAT, WBMG—which had recently been acquired by Media General—stunted during some of the timeslots of its local newscasts with a clock counting down to a major relaunch of the station and its fledgling news department on February 5.

Nick Jr. Too, a sister to the British Nick Jr. (UK and Ireland), Nick Jr. channel, has occasionally aired long-term Marathon (media), marathons of ''Peppa Pig'', during which it has branded as "Nick Jr. Peppa". In a similar manner, Sky Sports has also temporarily rebranded some of its multiplex channels as "pop-up" channels to devote them to major events, such as The Ashes series in cricket (Sky Sports Ashes), the PDC World Darts Championship (Sky Sports Darts; in 2015, this used the Sky Sports F1 channel, since Formula One was in its off-season), and golf's The Open Championship, Open Championship (Sky Sports The Open). In January 2019, Sky Sports Action was temporarily renamed "Sky Sports USA", with programming focusing on the National Basketball Association (coinciding with the playing of the NBA Global Games series in London), and the National Football League 2018 NFL season, playoffs and Super Bowl LIII.

At least three networks have used stunting-type events prior to their formal launches: G4 (American TV network), G4, for example, aired a 7 day long game of ''Pong'' before its formal debut on April 24, 2002. This stunt would later be referenced by the network's sign-off December 31, 2014, as well as in the video announcing its 2021 return. MLB Network aired a continuous loop of baseball highlights and promos as a "soft launch" in the weeks before its formal debut on January 1, 2009. Canada, Canada's Sun News Network employed an on-screen countdown clock graphic in the hours before its April 18, 2011, launch.

Since 2017, one of ESPN's networks has stunted as "ESPN8 The Ocho, ESPN8: The Ocho" on or near August 8 (8/8), carrying a marathon of programming featuring obscure or unconventional sporting events and competitions such as chess boxing, disc golf, dodgeball, esports, Highland games, kabaddi, lawn mower racing, mini-golf, and roller derby among others. The stunt pays tribute to a fictitious ESPN channel of the same name portrayed in the 2004 sports comedy film ''Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story'' (nicknamed "The Ocho", in reference to ESPN2 being nicknamed "The Deuce" on launch), which is promoted as broadcasting events that are "almost a sport". The stunt was originally held on ESPNU—a channel that normally carries College athletics, college sports events during the academic year, but moved to ESPN2 beginning in 2018. The film itself has sometimes been screened as part of this lineup as well. ESPN would later launch an ESPN8-branded free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) channel devoted to such content.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stunting (Broadcasting)
Radio broadcasting
Radio formats
Publicity stunts