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The Stubbs Earthworks ( 33 WA 1) (also known as Bigfoot Earthworks and Warren County Serpent Mound) was a massive Ohio Hopewell culture (100 BCE to 500 CE)
The site was a ceremonial center consisting of an earthen
The Stubbs Earthwork: Serpent Effigy or Simple Embankment
{{National Register of Historic Places Ohio Hopewell Mounds in Ohio Ohio History Connection National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, Ohio
archaeological site
An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or recorded history, historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline ...
located in Morrow
Morrow may refer to:
Places in the United States and Canada United States
* Morrow, Arkansas
*Morrow, Georgia
* Morrow, Louisiana
* Morrow, Ohio
*Morrow County, Ohio
*Morrow County, Oregon
Canada
*Morrow Lake, Ontario
*Mount Morrow, Northwest Ter ...
in Warren County, Ohio
Warren County is a County (United States), county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 242,337. Its county seat is Lebanon, Ohio, Lebanon and largest c ...
.
Site description
The site was a ceremonial center consisting of an earthen enclosure
Enclosure or inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "common land", enclosing it, and by doing so depriving commoners of their traditional rights of access and usage. Agreements to enc ...
with circular and rectangular elements and a separate smaller circular enclosure that contained the remains of a timber circle
In archaeology, timber circles are rings of upright wooden posts, built mainly by ancient peoples in the British Isles and North America. They survive only as gapped rings of post-holes, with no evidence they formed walls, making them distinct fr ...
. To the east of the main enclosure on a high terrace overlooking the site was a large W-shaped earthwork. This was once thought to be a snake effigy mound
An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal, symbol, religious figure, human, or other figure. The Effigy Moundbuilder culture is primarily associated with the years 550–1200 CE during the Late Woodland P ...
similar to the Great Serpent Mound
The Great Serpent Mound is a 1,348-feet-long (411 m), three-feet-high prehistoric effigy mound located in Peebles, Ohio, Peebles, Ohio. It was built on what is known as the Serpent Mound crater plateau, running along the Ohio Brush Creek in ...
in Adams County, Ohio
Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,477. Its county seat and largest village is West Union. The county is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States.
Geogr ...
; although archaeologists do not currently think this was the case.
Timber circle
In September 2005 archaeologist Frank Cowan conducted excavations at the smaller circular enclosure; discovering a timber circle in diameter and composed of 172 large posts. Carbon dating of charcoal found in post molds at the site have dated the structure to 200-300 CE.Modern history
Although ignored byEdwin Hamilton Davis
Edwin Hamilton Davis (January 22, 1811 – May 15, 1888) was an American physician and self taught archaeologist who completed pioneering investigations of the mound builders in the Mississippi Valley. Davis gathered what, at that time, was th ...
and E. G. Squier
Ephraim George Squier (June 17, 1821 – April 17, 1888), usually cited as E. G. Squier, was an American archaeologist, history writer, painter and newspaper editor.
Biography
Squier was born in Bethlehem, New York, the son of a minister, Joel S ...
for inclusion in their seminal archaeological and anthrolopological work ''Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
''Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley'' (full title ''Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley: Comprising the Results of Extensive Original Surveys and Explorations'') (1848) by the Americans Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton ...
'' in 1847; the site was visited and mapped by Charles Whittlesey in 1851. Since that time much of the site has been destroyed by farming, gravel quarrying, and encroaching development. The Little Miami High School
Little Miami High School is the only high school in the Little Miami Schools school district. It is located in Morrow, Ohio, in the United States. It serves the Morrow, Hamilton Township, Maineville, and Butlerville areas of Warren County.
...
was constructed over part of the earthworks in 2000; although some of the site is still preserved on its grounds. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...
in 1978.
See also
* Moorehead Circle *List of Hopewell sites
This is a list of Hopewell sites. The Hopewell tradition (also called the "Hopewell culture") refers to the common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BCE ...
References
External links
The Stubbs Earthwork: Serpent Effigy or Simple Embankment
{{National Register of Historic Places Ohio Hopewell Mounds in Ohio Ohio History Connection National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, Ohio