plant
Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
, first described for modern science as a genus in 1767. The genus is native to
Latin America
Latin America or
* french: Amérique Latine, link=no
* ht, Amerik Latin, link=no
* pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived ...
, the southern
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...
, and various islands in the
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
and Indian Oceans. Toothleaf is a common name for plants in this genus.
Medical use
''
Stillingia sylvatica
''Stillingia sylvatica'', known as queen's-delight or queen's delight, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1767. It is endemic to the south-central and southeastern United States, growing in sandy area ...
cathartic
In medicine, a cathartic is a substance that ''accelerates'' defecation. This is similar to a laxative, which is a substance that ''eases'' defecation, usually by softening feces. It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathart ...
,
diuretic
A diuretic () is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. A diuretic tablet is sometimes colloquially called a water tablet. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics in ...
,
laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation.
Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lub ...
, and
emetic
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
Vomiting can be the result of ailments like food poisoning, gastroenteritis ...
vomiting
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
Vomiting can be the result of ailments like food poisoning, gastroenteri ...
and
diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin ...
.
Taxonomy
Species include:
Many species formerly in ''Stillingia'' have been moved to other genera, including '' Actinostemon'', '' Adenopeltis'', ''
Anomostachys
''Anomostachys'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1951. It contains one known species, ''Anomostachys lastellei'', endemic to Madagascar.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Chec ...
'', ''
Balakata
''Balakata'' is a genus of trees in the family (biology), family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1999. It is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Himalayas, and New Guinea.Bonania
''Bonania'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1850. It is native to the West Indies.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae ...
Homalanthus
''Homalanthus'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824.Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 50 It is the ...
'', ''
Maprounea
''Maprounea'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first named as a genus in 1775. It is native to tropical Africa, Trinidad, and tropical Central and South America.Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbi ...
'', ''
Microstachys
Microstachys is a genus of plants in the Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. It is native to tropical Africa, southern Asia, Australia, Papuasia, Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe ...
'', ''
Neoshirakia
''Neoshirakia'', known as milktree, is a genus of plants in the Euphorbiaceae, native to east Asia. It is part of a group first described in 1954 with the name ''Shirakia'', but this proved to be an illegitimate name, unacceptable under the Code ...
'', ''
Sapium
''Sapium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across most of Latin America and the West Indies. Many Old World species were formerly included in the genus, but recent authors have redistributed all ...
Sebastiania
''Sebastiania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1821. It is native to North America, North and South America from Arizona and the West Indies south to Uruguay.Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised ...
'', ''
Shirakiopsis
''Shirakiopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1999. There are six known species, 3 native to tropical Asia and 3 to tropical Africa.Spegazziniophytum'', ''
Spirostachys
''Spirostachys'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1850. It is native to Africa.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandacea ...
'', and ''
Triadica
''Triadica'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most sp ...