''Stegomyia'' is a large

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

of the

mosquito Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a Family (biology), family of small Diptera, flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word ''mosquito'' (formed by ''Musca (fly), mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish and Portuguese for ''little fly''. Mos ...

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

''Aedes'' with 131

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

classified in six species groups (group uncertain for one species), two groups of which are further divided into subgroups.

Bionomics and disease relations

The immature stages of species of subgenus ''Stegomyia'' are found in natural and artificial containers. Typical habitats are tree holes, but many species inhabit small amounts of water contained in dead and fallen

plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with c ...

parts. A few species utilise rock holes, crab holes and the leaf axils of various plants. Eggs are normally resistant to desiccation and hatch when the habitat is filled with water. Females are typically diurnal and many species (approximately 50) are known to bite humans. They also feed on a variety of domestic and wild animals, including

mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

reptile Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with an ectothermic metabolism and Amniotic egg, amniotic development. Living traditional reptiles comprise four Order (biology), orders: Testudines, Crocodilia, Squamata, and Rhynchocepha ...

s and

amphibian Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniote, anamniotic, tetrapod, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class (biology), class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all Tetrapod, tetrapods, but excl ...

s. Subgenus ''Stegomyia'' is a medically important group. '' Ae. aegypti'' is the classical vector of yellow fever and

dengue fever Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Asymptomatic infections are uncommon, mild cases happen frequently; if symptoms appear, they typically begin 3 to 14 days after i ...

viruses and a proven vector of other

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

es. '' Ae. albopictus'' is also an important vector of dengue fever virus. Other recognised vectors of yellow fever

include '' Ae. africanus'' and '' Ae. luteocephalus'' in areas of central and western Africa and '' Ae. bromeliae'' in

East Africa East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the regi ...

. Some species of the ''Scutellaris Group'' are efficient vectors of ''

Wuchereria bancrofti ''Wuchereria bancrofti'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It is one of the three parasitic worms, together with ''Brugia malayi'' and '' B. timori'', that infect the lymphati ...

'' in the South Pacific. Various arbo viruses have been isolated from other species of the subgenus.

Distribution

Species of subgenus ''Stegomyia'' have distributions in the

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...

Australasia Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different context ...

n and Oriental Regions. Two species, '' Ae. aegypti'' and '' Ae. albopictus'', have been transported to areas of the

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

and Palaearctic Regions by human agency.

Species

The subgenus ''Stegomyia'' contains 128 species *''

Aedes aegypti ''Aedes aegypti'' ( or from Greek 'hateful' and from Latin, meaning 'of Egypt'), sometimes called the Egyptian mosquito, dengue mosquito or yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that spreads diseases like dengue fever, yellow fever, malar ...

'' - yellow fever mosquito *'' Aedes africanus'' - yellow fever mosquito *'' Aedes agrihanensis'' *''

Aedes albopictus ''Aedes albopictus'' (synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Stegomyia albopicta''), from the mosquito (Culicidae) family (biology), family, also known as the (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and Subtropics ...

'' - forest day mosquito, Asian tiger mosquito, tiger mosquito *'' Aedes alcasidi'' *'' Aedes alorensis'' *'' Aedes amaltheus'' *'' Aedes andrewsi'' *'' Aedes angustus'' *'' Aedes annandalei'' *'' Aedes aobae'' *'' Aedes apicoargenteus'' *'' Aedes bambusae'' *'' Aedes blacklocki'' *'' Aedes bromeliae'' *'' Aedes burnsi'' *'' Aedes calceatus'' *'' Aedes chaussieri'' *'' Aedes chemulpoensis'' *'' Aedes contiguus'' *'' Aedes cooki'' *'' Aedes corneti'' *'' Aedes craggi'' *'' Aedes cretinus'' *'' Aedes daitensis'' *'' Aedes deboeri'' *'' Aedes demeilloni'' *'' Aedes denderensis'' *'' Aedes dendrophilus'' *'' Aedes desmotes'' *'' Aedes dybasi'' *'' Aedes ealaensis'' *'' Aedes edwardsi'' *'' Aedes ethiopiensis'' *'' Aedes flavopictus'' *'' Aedes fraseri'' *'' Aedes futunae'' *'' Aedes gallois'' *'' Aedes galloisiodes'' *'' Aedes gandaensis'' *'' Aedes gardnerii'' *'' Aedes grantii'' *'' Aedes guamensis'' *'' Aedes gurneyi'' *'' Aedes hakanssoni'' *'' Aedes hansfordi'' *'' Aedes hebrideus'' *'' Aedes heischi'' *'' Aedes hensilli'' *'' Aedes hogsbackensis'' *'' Aedes hoguei'' *'' Aedes horrescens'' *'' Aedes josiahae'' *'' Aedes katherinensis'' *'' Aedes keniensis'' *'' Aedes kenyae'' *'' Aedes kesseli'' *'' Aedes kivuensis'' *'' Aedes krombeini'' *'' Aedes langata'' *'' Aedes ledgeri'' *'' Aedes lilii'' *'' Aedes luteocephalus'' *'' Aedes maehleri'' Bohart, 1957 *'' Aedes malayensis'' *'' Aedes malikuli'' *'' Aedes marshallensis'' *'' Aedes mascarensis'' *'' Aedes masseyi'' *'' Aedes matinglyorum'' *'' Aedes maxgermaini'' *'' Aedes mediopunctatus'' *'' Aedes metallicus'' ( *'' Aedes mickevichae'' *'' Aedes mpusiensis'' *'' Aedes muroafcete'' *'' Aedes neoafricanus'' *'' Aedes neogalloisi'' *'' Aedes neopandani'' *'' Aedes njombiensis'' *'' Aedes novalbopictus'' *'' Aedes opok'' *'' Aedes palauensis'' *'' Aedes pandani'' *'' Aedes patriciae'' *'' Aedes paullusi'' *'' Aedes pernotatus'' *'' Aedes perplexus'' *'' Aedes pia'' *''

Aedes polynesiensis ''Aedes polynesiensis'', the Polynesian tiger mosquito, is only found in the Oceania, South Pacific on the islands of Austral Islands, Cook Islands, Ellice Islands, Fiji, Fiji Islands, Hoorn Islands, Marquesas Islands, Pitcairn Island, Samoa Isla ...

'' *'' Aedes poweri'' *'' Aedes pseudoafricanus'' *'' Aedes pseudalbopictus'' *'' Aedes pseudonigeria'' *'' Aedes pseudoscutellaris'' *'' Aedes quasiscutellaris'' *'' Aedes rhungkiangensis'' *'' Aedes riversi'' *'' Aedes robinsoni'' *'' Aedes rotanus'' *'' Aedes rotumae'' *'' Aedes ruwenzori'' *'' Aedes saimedres'' *'' Aedes saipanensis'' *'' Aedes sampi'' *'' Aedes schwetzi'' *'' Aedes scutellaris'' *'' Aedes scutoscriptus'' *'' Aedes seampi'' *'' Aedes seatoi'' *'' Aedes segermanae'' *'' Aedes sibiricus'' *'' Aedes simpsoni'' *'' Aedes soleatus'' *'' Aedes strelitziae'' *'' Aedes subalbopictus'' *'' Aedes subargenteus'' *'' Aedes tabu'' *'' Aedes tongae'' *'' Aedes tulagiensis'' *'' Aedes unilineatus'' *'' Aedes upolensis'' *'' Aedes usambara'' *'' Aedes varuae'' *'' Aedes vinsoni'' *'' Aedes w-albus'' *'' Aedes wadai'' *'' Aedes woodi''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q19261711 Aedes Insect subgenera