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''Steatocranus'' is a 
Two species, '' S. casuarius'' (also known as the lionhead or buffalohead cichlid) and '' S. tinanti'' are relatively common in the aquarium trade.
As for other cichlids brood care is highly developed and both sexes are involved in raising the young. All ''Steatocranus'' species are secretive cave spawners and form
There are currently ten recognized species in this genus, but ''S. irvinei'' belongs elsewhere; in 2019 it was proposed to move it to its own genus, ''Paragobiocichla''.
* ''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of small rheophilic
A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water.
Examples of rheophilic animals
Insects
*Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive.
*'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeropter ...
cichlid
Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted th ...
s mostly native to the Congo River Basin
The Congo River ( kg, Nzâdi Kôngo, french: Fleuve Congo, pt, Rio Congo), formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge ...
in DR Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
/Congo Brazzaville
The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...
, although one species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River
The Volta River is the main river system in the West African country of Ghana. It flows south into Ghana from the Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of Burkina Faso. The main parts of the river are the Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. I ...
in Ghana
Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in Ghana–Ivory Coast border, the west, Burkina ...
and Burkino Faso
Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the ...
, and it belongs in a separate genus.Dunz, A.R., and Schliewen, U.K. (2013). Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as “Tilapia”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, online 29 March 2013. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015 There are also at least 10 undescribed species
In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and name ...
in the Congo River basin awaiting scientific description.
The fish in this genus all have relatively reduced swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth w ...
function. The name ''Steatocranus'' refers to the fatty deposit on the forehead of most species.
Two species, '' S. casuarius'' (also known as the lionhead or buffalohead cichlid) and '' S. tinanti'' are relatively common in the aquarium trade.
As for other cichlids brood care is highly developed and both sexes are involved in raising the young. All ''Steatocranus'' species are secretive cave spawners and form monogamous
Monogamy ( ) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. Alternately, only one partner at any one time ( serial monogamy) — as compared to the various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polyg ...
pairs for breeding. The female is more actively involved in fry raising, while the male is primarily concerned with territorial defence.
Species
There are currently ten recognized species in this genus, but ''S. irvinei'' belongs elsewhere; in 2019 it was proposed to move it to its own genus, ''Paragobiocichla''.
* ''Steatocranus bleheri
''Steatocranus bleheri'' is species of cichlid only found in the Kafubu River system, which is part of the Luapula drainage in the upper Congo River basin, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa
Africa is the world's second-lar ...
'' M. K. Meyer, 1993
* ''Steatocranus casuarius
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Figurative head counts
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling places o ...
, 1939 (Lionhead cichlid)
* ''Steatocranus gibbiceps
''Steatocranus gibbiceps'' is species of cichlid native to the Malebo Pool and lower parts of the Congo River in Africa. This species can reach a length of TL.
References
External links
''Steatocranus gibbiceps'' Boulenger, 1899- Global Bio ...
'' Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer
* Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo
* George Albert Boulenger (1858� ...
, 1899
* ''Steatocranus glaber
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart
Demetrius Jerome Stewart (born November 30, 1993) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles. Stewart played college baseball fo ...
, 1976
* ''Steatocranus irvinei
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' ( Trewavas, 1943)
* ''Steatocranus masalamasoso
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' Zamba ''et al.'', 2022
* ''Steatocranus mpozoensis
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart
Demetrius Jerome Stewart (born November 30, 1993) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles. Stewart played college baseball fo ...
, 1976
* ''Steatocranus rouxi
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, ''Steatocranus irvinei, S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, ...
'' ( Pellegrin, 1928)
* ''Steatocranus tinanti
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belongs in a ...
'' (Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Figurative head counts
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling places o ...
, 1939)
* ''Steatocranus ubanguiensis
''Steatocranus'' is a genus of small rheophilic cichlids mostly native to the Congo River Basin in DR Congo/ Congo Brazzaville, although one species, '' S. irvinei'', is restricted to the Volta River in Ghana and Burkino Faso, and it belong ...
'' T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart
Demetrius Jerome Stewart (born November 30, 1993) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles. Stewart played college baseball fo ...
, 1976
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q135247 Pseudocrenilabrinae Fishkeeping Cichlid genera Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger