The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for

basic education According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), basic education comprises the two stages primary education and secondary education, lower secondary education. Universal basic education Basic education featured heavi ...

vocational education Vocational education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft. Vocational education can also be seen as that type of education given to an individual to prepare that individual to be gainfully employed or self employed with req ...

higher education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...

, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country. The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. , there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.

History

The Ministry of Education was founded in October 1949. The work of the ministry was overseen by the Culture and Education Commission that was created at the same time. On October 19, writer and poet

Guo Moruo Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 – June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang, was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official. Biography Family history Guo Moruo, originally named Guo Kaizhen, was born on November 10 or ...

was made the director of the commission, and linguist Ma Xulun was made the first education minister of the People's Republic of China. In February 1958, the Ministry of Higher Education was merged into the Ministry of Education. In July 1964, the Ministry of Higher Education was restored. In July 1966, the Ministry of Higher Education was once again merged into the Ministry of Education. In June 1970, the

Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the Central committee, highest organ when the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, national congress is not ...

decided to abolish the Ministry of Education and establish the Science and Education Group of the State Council. The Ministry of Education was restored after the disruptions of the

Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a Social movement, sociopolitical movement in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his de ...

in 1975 by the

4th National People's Congress The 4th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1975 to 1978. It held only one session, in January 1975, despite the Constitution mandating a session be held each year. There were 2864 deputies to this Congress. Seat distribution ...

. Until the Ministry's 1975 restoration, the State Council's Science and Education Group was the most important government body in the education bureaucracy. On June 18, 1985, the Eleventh Standing Committee of the

6th National People's Congress The 6th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1983 to 1988. It held five sessions in this period. Background This new Congress was the first under the current 1982 Constitution, and the first to be elected under the rules of th ...

decided to abolish the Ministry of Education and establish the National Education Commission of the People's Republic of China. In 1998, the Decision on Institutional Reform of the State Council was adopted at the First Session of the

9th National People's Congress The 9th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1998 to 2003 across five plenary sessions. It followed the final session of the 8th National People's Congress. There were 2,979 deputies to this Congress. Background This was the f ...

, and the National Education Commission was renamed the Ministry of Education. In 2003, China's Ministry of Education called for adding environmental education content throughout the public school curriculum from the first year of primary school through the second year of high school. Its guidelines on environmental education emphasized firsthand experience and recommended that a quarter of environmental education content should consist of "practice activities". In 2019, the Ministry issued a new regulation aimed at unifying the teaching materials for primary and middle schools across China in areas including history, language, and politics.

Development of the political counselor system

In 1952, the Ministry of Education sought to develop a system of political counselors as a pilot program in universities.

Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...

established a political counselor program in 1953, becoming the first university to do so. In this program, new graduates who were also

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations, often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries. The program was interrupted by the Cultural Revolution but resumed in 1977. After its endorsement by

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping also Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Teng Hsiao-p'ing; born Xiansheng (). (22 August 190419 February 1997) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the paramount leader of the People's R ...

, the program expanded across higher educational institutions. Beginning in the 1990s, the political counselor system was further institutionalized and expanded in higher educational institutions throughout China, with the Ministry issuing standardized rules such as term limits and age limits in 2000.

Organizational structure

According to the "Regulations on the Main Functional Configuration, Internal Organizations and Staffing of the Ministry of Education," the Ministry of Education has set up the following institutions:

Internal departments

* General Department * Department of Policies and Regulations * Development Planning Department * Comprehensive Reform Department * Personnel Department * Finance Department * Teaching Materials Bureau (Office of the National Teaching Materials Committee) * Department of Basic Education * Off-campus Education and Training Supervision Department * Department of Vocational and Adult Education * higher education department * Education Supervision Bureau (Office of the State Council Education Supervision Commission) * Department of Ethnic Education * Department of Teacher Affairs * Department of Physical Education, Health and Arts Education * Ideological and Political Work Department * Social Sciences Division * Department of Science, Technology and Information Technology * Department of College and University Students * Department of Degree Management and Graduate Education (Office of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council) * Language and Words Application Management Department * Language and Words Information Management Department * Department of International Cooperation and Exchange (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office) * Office of the Inspector * Party Committee of the Ministry of Education * Retired Cadres Bureau * Secretariat of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO

Affiliate national bureau

* National Language and Words Work Committee (Deputy Ministerial Level)

Affiliate public institutions

* Ministry of Education Service Center * National Institute of Educational Administration * Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences (Office of the National Educational Science Planning Leading Group) * Research Center for Scientific Development of Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education * Vocational Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education * Chinese and Foreign Language Exchange and Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Education * Institute of Language and Character Applications (State Language Commission Putonghua and Character Application Testing Center) * National Open University (National University for the Elderly) * Educational Technology and Resource Development Center of the Ministry of Education (Central Audio-visual Education Center, Basic Education Resource Center of the Ministry of Education) * China Educational Television * Ministry of Education Education Management Information Center * Curriculum Materials Research Institute * Secretariat of China Scholarship Council * Ministry of Education Fund Supervision Affairs Center * National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education * China Education Press * Educational Examination Agency of the Ministry of Education (Teacher Qualification Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, International Educational Measurement Exchange and Cooperation Center) * Ministry of Education Study Abroad Service Center (China Study Abroad Service Center) * National Student Financial Aid Management Center * Ministry of Education Student Services and Quality Development Center * Degree and Graduate Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education * Education Quality Assessment Center of the Ministry of Education * Chinese and Foreign Cultural Exchange Center of the Ministry of Education * Ministry of Education Communication and Education Center

Affiliate higher education institutions

There are 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education. *

Peking University Peking University (PKU) is a Public university, public Types of universities and colleges in China#By designated academic emphasis, university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the Peop ...

Renmin University of China The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The ...

Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University (BNU) () is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the B ...

* China Agricultural University *

Nankai University Nankai University is a public university in Tianjin, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. Nankai University was establ ...

Tianjin University Tianjin University (TJU; zh, t=, , s=天津大学, p=, labels=no), previously Peiyang University (), is a National university, national Public university, public research university in Tianjin, China. Established in 1895 by a royal charter from ...

Dalian University of Technology The Dalian University of Technology (DLUT) is a public university in Ganjingzi, Dalian, Ganjingzi, Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 2 ...

Jilin University Jilin University (JLU) is a public university in the city of Changchun, Jilin, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. History Founded ...

Fudan University Fudan University (FDU) is a public university, national public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal ...

Tongji University Tongji University is a public university located in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. Tongji is one of the ...

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 98 ...

Nanjing University Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The univers ...

* Southeast University *

Zhejiang University Zhejiang University (ZJU) is a public university, public research university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and D ...

Xiamen University Xiamen University (XMU; ) is a public university in Siming, Xiamen, Siming, Xiamen, Fujian, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Pro ...

Shandong University Shandong University (; SDU) is a public university in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Clas ...

Wuhan University Wuhan University (WHU; 武汉大学) is a key comprehensive public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is directly affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The un ...

Huazhong University of Science and Technology The Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST; ) is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 985, Project 211, and the Double First-Cl ...

* Central South University *

Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen University (; SYSU) is a public university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND, and Guangdong Provincial Government. The university is p ...

* Chongqing University * Sichuan University *

Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU; zh, p=, c=西安交通大学, labels=no) is a public university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 9 ...

* Northwest A&F University * Lanzhou University *

Northeastern University Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private university, private research university with its main campus in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association in 1898 as an all-male instit ...

East China Normal University East China Normal University (ECNU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education and co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The university is part of ...

* Ocean University of China * Hunan University * South China University of Technology *

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni ...

* University of Science and Technology Beijing * Beijing University of Chemical Technology * Beijing Language and Culture University * Beijing Foreign Language University * Beijing Jiaotong University *

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

* China University of Petroleum (Beijing) * Communication University of China * Beijing Forestry University *

China University of Political Science and Law The China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; ; pinyin: Zhōng Guó Zhèng Fǎ Dà Xué), also translated as Zhengfa University, is a national public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and co- ...

* Central University of Finance and Economics * Central Conservatory of Music *

Central Academy of Drama The Central Academy of Drama () is a national public drama school in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The academy is part of the Double First-Class Construction. Information The sch ...

Central Academy of Fine Arts The Central Academy of Fine Arts or CAFA is an art academy under the direct charge of the Ministry of Education of China. The Manila Bulletin calls the school "China’s most prestigious and renowned art academy." It is considered one of the most ...

Beijing University of Chinese Medicine The Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM, ) is a public university in China. Founded in 1956, it is one of the first traditional Chinese medical institutions for higher learning in China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry o ...

* Foreign Economic and Trade University * North China Electric Power University * China University of Mining (Beijing) * China University of Geosciences (Beijing) * Northeast Normal University *

Northeast Forestry University Northeast Forestry University (NEFU; ) is a public university in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education, and co-founded by the Minister of Education, the ...

* East China University of Science and Technology *

Donghua University Donghua University (DHU, ) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Project 211. Formerly known as China Textile Universit ...

* Shanghai International Studies University *

Shanghai University of Finance and Economics The Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE) is a public Types of universities and colleges in China#By designated academic emphasis, finance and economics university located in Shanghai, China. The university is affiliated with the ...

* He Hai University * Nanjing Agricultural University * China Pharmaceutical University * Jiangnan University * China University of Mining * Hefei University of Technology * China University of Petroleum (East China) *

Wuhan University of Technology The Wuhan University of Technology (WHUT; ) is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Projec ...

* China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) * Huazhong Normal University * Huazhong Agricultural University * Zhongnan University of Economics and Law * Southwest University * Southwestern University of Finance and Economics * Southwest Jiaotong University * Shaanxi Normal University * Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology * Chang'an University

Affiliate enterprises

* China Education Publishing and Media Group Co., Ltd. ** People's Education Press Co., Ltd. ** Higher Education Press Ltd. ** Chinese Language Publishing House Co., Ltd. *** Language and Culture Press *** China Audio and Video Publishing House * Educational Science Press Co., Ltd. The Ministry has a role in the

foreign aid In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid, economic aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. The ...

process thorough scholarships it provides for study in China.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry Of Education Of The People's Republic Of China

Education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Education in China China, Education Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China