''Spectrolebias'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of killifish in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family of killifishes in the order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, as they are neither restricted to ...

. These annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish (including families Aplocheilidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Profundulidae and Valenciidae). All together, there are 1,270 species of killifish, the biggest famil ...

are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to seasonal waters (like pools) in the

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

Tocantins Tocantins () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás. Tocantins covers and had an estimated population of 1,496,880 in 2 ...

– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–

Grande Grande means "large" or "great" in many of the Romance languages. It may also refer to: Places *Grande, Germany, a municipality in Germany *Grande Communications, a telecommunications firm based in Texas *Grande-Rivière (disambiguation) *Arroio ...

basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nielsen, D.T.B. & Pillet, D. (2015): ''Spectrolebias bellidoi'', a new annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper Río Grande basin, Amazon basin, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 21 (4): 180-187.''Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2013): ''Spectrolebias pilleti'', a new annual Killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 19 (3): 115-122.'' Each species generally has a small distribution and some are seriously threatened by

habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

; the entire known range of ''S. reticulatus'' is in the area flooded by the

Belo Monte Dam The Belo Monte Dam (''formerly known as'' Kararaô) is a hydroelectric dam complex on the northern part of the Xingu River in the state of Pará, Brazil. After its completion, with the installation of its 18th turbine, in November 2019, the ins ...

. They are small fish, up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

. As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.

Species

''Spectrolebias'' was formerly regarded as a subgenus of ''

Simpsonichthys ''Simpsonichthys'' is a genus of killifish from the family Rivulidae the species of which are endemic to temporary freshwater habitats like ponds in the upper Paraná, upper Araguaia, upper Jequitinhonha and São Francisco basins on the centra ...

''. Although this split is generally accepted, a

genetic Genetic may refer to: *Genetics, in biology, the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms **Genetic, used as an adjective, refers to genes ***Genetic disorder, any disorder caused by a genetic mutation, whether inherited or de nov ...

study indicates that ''Spectrolebias'' is not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

. There are currently 9 recognized species in ''Spectrolebias'': * ''

Spectrolebias bellidoi ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family (biology), family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are Endemism, endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay River, Paraguay, Tocantins River, Tocantins–Araguaia River, Aragua ...

'' D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015 * ''

Spectrolebias brousseaui ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré– Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nie ...

'' D. T. B. Nielsen, 2013 * ''

Spectrolebias chacoensis ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré– Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nie ...

'' ( L. H. Amato, 1986) * ''

Spectrolebias costai ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré– Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nie ...

'' ( Lazara, 1991) * ''

Spectrolebias filamentosus ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré– Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nie ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, Barrera &

Sarmiento Sarmiento may refer to: Places Argentina *Sarmiento Department, San Juan, a subdivision of the San Juan Province *Sarmiento Department, Santiago del Estero, a subdivision of the Santiago del Estero Province *Sarmiento Department, Chubut, a subdivi ...

, 1997) * ''

Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins– Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré– Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nie ...

'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2008) * ''

Spectrolebias pilleti ''Spectrolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family (biology), family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are Endemism, endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay River, Paraguay, Tocantins River, Tocantins–Araguaia River, Aragua ...

'' D. T. B. Nielsen &

Brousseau Brousseau is a French surname. It can refer to the following people: * Alfred Brousseau (1907 – 1988), American educator, photographer and mathematician * Caleb Brousseau (born 1988), Canadian para-alpine skier * Gino Brousseau (born 1966), Canad ...

, 2013 * '' Spectrolebias reticulatus'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2003) * '' Spectrolebias semiocellatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997

References

Rivulidae Freshwater fish genera {{Cyprinodontiformes-stub