This list of

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...

s includes the famous biologists from the

Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and other predecessor states of Russia. Biologists of all specialities may be listed here, including

ecologist Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely re ...

botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

zoologist Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one ...

paleontologist Paleontology, also spelled as palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of the life of the past, mainly but not exclusively through the study of fossils. Paleontologists use fossils as a means to classify organisms, measure geolo ...

biochemist Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and Cell (biology), cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of ...

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and ...

s and others.

Alphabetical list

A

Johann Friedrich Adam Johann Friedrich Adam, later called Michael Friedrich Adams, and also Johannes Michael Friedrich Adams in full citation of botany discoveries (1780 in Moscow – 1 March 1838, in Vereya) was a botanist from St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. He s ...

, discoverer of the

Adams mammoth The Adams mammoth also known as the Lensky mammoth is the first woolly mammoth skeleton with skin and flesh still attached to be recovered by scientists. The mostly complete skeleton and flesh were discovered in 1799 in the northeastern Arctic S ...

, the first complete

woolly mammoth The woolly mammoth (''Mammuthus primigenius'') is an extinct species of mammoth that lived from the Middle Pleistocene until its extinction in the Holocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with the African ...

skeleton * Igor Akimushkin,

Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii (; July 13, 1860 – December 28, 1917) (alternative spelling: Amalitzky) was a paleontologist and professor at Warsaw University. He was involved in the discovery and excavation of the Late Permian fossil vertebra ...

* Nicolai Andrusov,

Andrey Avinoff Andrey Avinoff (14 February 1884 – 16 July 1949) was an internationally-known artist, lepidopterist, Curator, museum director, professor, bibliophile and iconographer, who served as the director of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pit ...

entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

Anatoly Andriyashev Anatoly Petrovich Andriyashev (; 19 August 1910 – 4 January 2009) was a Soviet and Russian ichthyologist, marine biologist, and zoogeographist, notable for his studies of marine fauna of the Arctic and the Northern Pacific. Notable dates * 1 ...

ichthyologist Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 35,800 species of fish had been described as of March 2 ...

, zoogeographist Andrei Bolotov

B

Karl Ernst von Baer Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn (; – ) was a Baltic German scientist and explorer. Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and is considered a, or the, founding father of embryology. He was a m ...

, naturalist, founder of the

Russian Entomological Society The Russian Entomological Society is a Russian scientific society devoted to entomology. The Society was founded in 1859 in St. Petersburg by Karl Ernst von Baer, Johann Friedrich von Brandt who was then the director of the Zoological Museum of ...

, formulated

embryological Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, ''-logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos an ...

Baer's laws In developmental biology, von Baer's laws of embryology (or laws of development) are four rules proposed by Karl Ernst von Baer to explain the observed pattern of embryonic development in different species. von Baer formulated the laws in his ...

Alexander Barchenko Barchenko in 1937 Alexander Vasilyevich Barchenko (; 1881, Yelets — April, 1938) was a Russian biologist and researcher of anomalous phenomena from St. Petersburg. In 1904 Barchenko attended the biological faculty of Kazan University, and subse ...

, notable for his research of

Hyperborea In Greek mythology, the Hyperboreans (, ; ) were a mythical people who lived in the far northern part of the Ecumene, known world. Their name appears to derive from the Greek , "beyond Boreas (god), Boreas" (the God of the north wind). Some schol ...

Jacques von Bedriaga Jacques Vladimir von Bedriaga, sometimes Bedryagha (Russian language, Russian: Яков Владимирович Бедряга; 1854 - 1906) was a Russian herpetologist who was a native of Kriniz, a village near Voronezh. In scientific papers Be ...

, prominent

herpetologist Herpetology (from Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν ''herpetón'', meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Gymnophiona)) and reptiles (in ...

, described

Bedriaga's rock lizard Bedriaga's rock lizard (''Archaeolacerta bedriagae'') is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is monotypic within the genus ''Archaeolacerta''. It is only found on the islands Corsica and Sardinia. The scientific name ''Lacer ...

and Bedriaga's skink *

Andrey Belozersky Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky (Андре́й Никола́евич Белозе́рский) (29 August 1905 (Tashkent, Turkestan region, Russian Empire) – 31 December 1972 (Moscow, Soviet Union)) was a Soviet biologist and biochemist, one ...

, founder of

molecular biology Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecule, molecular basis of biological activity in and between Cell (biology), cells, including biomolecule, biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactio ...

* Dmitry Belyayev,

domesticated silver fox The domesticated silver fox (''Vulpes vulpes'' forma ''amicus'') is a form of the silver fox that has been to some extent domesticated under laboratory conditions. The silver fox is a melanistic form of the wild red fox. Domesticated silver fox ...

Lev Berg Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical Society between 1940 and 1950. He is known f ...

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

and

European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russia, Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia ...

Yuli Berkovich Yuli Berkovich (1944 - 2012) was a scientist who has performed experiments with seed germination in zero gravity, among others, on the International Space Station. The seedlings germinated, but died a few days later due to not having any soil or ...

, experimented with seed germination in zero gravity *

Nikolai Bernstein Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein (; 5 November 1896 – 16 January 1966) was a USSR, Soviet neurophysiology, neurophysiologist who has pioneered motion-tracking devices and formal processing of information obtained from the use of these devices. ...

, neurophysiologist, coined the term

biomechanics Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to Organ (anatomy), organs, Cell (biology), cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechani ...

Vladimir Betz Vladimir Alexeyevich Betz or Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz (; ; – ) was a Russian anatomist and histologist of Ukrainian origin who served as a professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Saint Vladimir University of Kiev. Biogr ...

, discovered giant pyramidal neurons of

primary motor cortex The primary motor cortex ( Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor c ...

* Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov,

Andrey Bolotov Andrey Timofeyevich Bolotov ( Russian: Андрей Тимофеевич Болотов; 18 October 1738 – 16 October 1833) was the most prolific memoirist and the most distinguished agriculturist of the 18th-century Russian Empire. Bolotov wa ...

, major 18th-century

agriculturist An agriculturist, agriculturalist, agrologist, or agronomist (abbreviated as agr.) is a professional in the Agricultural science, science, practice, and management of Farming, agriculture and agribusiness. It is a regulated profession in Canada, ...

, discovered

dichogamy Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism. It occurs when the organism's sex changes at some point in its life. A sequential hermaphrodit ...

, pioneered

cross-pollination Xenogamy (Greek ''xenos''=stranger, ''gamos''=marriage) is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different plant. This is the only type of cross pollination which during pollination brings genetically different types of ...

* August von Bongard,

Alaska Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the north ...

, discoverer of

Sitka spruce ''Picea sitchensis'', the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to just over tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth- ...

and

red alder ''Alnus rubra'', the red alder, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). Description ''Alnus rubra'' is the largest species of alder in ...

Antonina Borissova Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970) was a Soviet botanist, specialising in the flora of the deserts and semi-desert of central Asia. Borissova authored 195 land plant species names, the ninth-highest number of such names authored by any ...

, botanist * Zinaida Botschantzeva, botanist *

Alexander Bunge Alexander Georg von Bunge (; – ) was a Russian botanist. He is best remembered for scientific expeditions into Asia and especially Siberia. Early life and education Bunge was born under the name Alexander Andreevič von Bunge on in Kyiv as ...

, major botanist of

Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...

(especially Altai) *

Alexey Bystrow Alexey Petrovich Bystrow, sometimes spelled Alexey Petrovich Bystrov and Aleksei Petrovich Bystrow, (; February 1, 1899 – August 29, 1959) was a Soviet paleontologist, anatomist, and histologist. Biography Born in the village of Tarasov ...

, paleontologist

C

* Alexander Catsch, medical doctor and radiation biologist *

Mikhail Chailakhyan Mikhail Khristoforovich Chailakhyan (, ; 1902–1991) was a Soviet Armenian scientist who is widely known for proposing the existence of a universal plant hormone that is involved in flowering. He named this hormone florigen Florigens (or flowe ...

, researcher of

flowering Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...

, described the

florigen Florigens (or flowering hormone) are proteins capable of inducing flowering time in angiosperms. The prototypical florigen is encoded by the FT gene and its orthologs in ''Arabidopsis'' and other plants. Florigens are produced in the leaves, and a ...

hormone * Maria Cherkasova, ecologist *

Evgeny Chernikin Evgeny Mikhailovich Chernikin (, ) (20 July 1928 – 17 August 2009) was a Soviet/Russian zoologist and ecologist, known for his works in Barguzin Sable's ecology. Biography Chernikin grew up in Pyatigorsk, where he studied at school with k ...

, biologist * Feodosy Chernyshov, paleontologist * Sergei Chetverikov, pioneer of

modern evolutionary synthesis Modern synthesis or modern evolutionary synthesis refers to several perspectives on evolutionary biology, namely: * Modern synthesis (20th century), the term coined by Julian Huxley in 1942 to denote the synthesis between Mendelian genetics and s ...

Pyotr Chikhachyov Pyotr Alexandrovich Chikhachyov, last name also spelled Chikhachev or Tchihatchev (; 23 December 1808 – 13 October 1890) was a Russian naturalist and geologist who was admitted into the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1876 as an honorary member ...

naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

Alexander Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky ( rus, Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Чиже́вский, p=tɕɪˈʐɛfskʲɪj; 7 February 1897 – 20 December 1964) was a Soviet Union, Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysics, biophy ...

, founder of

heliobiology Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. Chronob ...

and modern air ionification

D

Ilya Darevsky Ilya Sergeyevich Darevsky (, 18 December 1924 – 8 August 2009) was a Soviet Russian zoologist-herpetologist and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. During his career he described 34 species of amphibians and reptiles. ''D ...

, biologist * Nikolay Dubinin, studied the genetic basis of the human individuality in different populations; studied variability and heritability of neuro, and psychodynamic parameters

E

* Vladimir Efroimson, Soviet geneticist *

Andrey Erst Andrey Sergeevich Erst () is a Russian botanist, who is a senior researcher at the Central Siberian Botanic Garden in Novosibirsk. Career Andrey Erst studied at Altai State University from 2000 to 2005 before undertaking postgraduate study at t ...

, botanist *

Kirill Eskov Kirill Yuryevich Yeskov (; born 16 September 1956), also transliterated Kiril Eskov is a Russian writer, biologist and paleontologist. As an author he is known for '' The Gospel of Afranius'' in which he presents an atheistic interpretation of ...

, biologist, discovered several new genera of spiders * Eduard Eversmann, biologist and explorer, pioneer researcher of flora and fauna of southern

F

* Andrey Famintsyn,

plant physiologist Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropi ...

, inventor of grow lamp, developer of

symbiogenesis Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibl ...

theory *

Mikhail A. Fedonkin Academician Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fedonkin (; born June 19, 1946) is a Russian paleontologist specializing in documentation of the earliest animals' body fossils, tracks, and trails. He has also described numerous Vendian-aged fossils includin ...

, paleontologist *

Yuri Filipchenko Yuri Aleksandrovich Filipchenko, sometimes Philipchenko (; 1882 — 1930) was a U.S.S.R., Russian entomologist who coined the terms ''microevolution'' and ''macroevolution,'' as well as the mentor of geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky. Though he him ...

, entomologist, coined the terms

microevolution Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection ( natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This change happens over ...

and

macroevolution Macroevolution comprises the evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level. In contrast, microevolution is evolution occurring within the population(s) of a single species. In other words, microevolution is the ...

G

* Oleg Gazenko,

Johann Georg Gmelin Johann Georg Gmelin (8 August 1709 – 20 May 1755) was a German naturalist, botanist and geographer. Early life and education Gmelin was born in Tübingen, the son of a professor at the University of Tübingen. He was a gifted child and began ...

, first researcher of

n flora * Viktor Grebennikov,

and

, claimed to have built a

levitation Levitation, Levitate, or Levitating may refer to: Concepts *Levitation (illusion), an illusion where a magician appears to levitate a person or object *Levitation (paranormal), the claimed paranormal phenomenon of levitation, occurring without an ...

platform by attaching dead insect body parts to the underside *

Ilya Gruzinov Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov (Russian: Илья Егорович Грузинов; 1781 – January 1813) was an Imperial Russian professor of anatomy and physiology at Imperial Moscow University. He discovered in 1812 that the actual source for a dee ...

, discovered the source for deep vocal sound is the

membrane A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membranes and biological membranes. Bi ...

Grigory Grum-Grshimailo Grigory Yefimovich Grum-Grshimailo (, 1860–1936) was a Russian zoologist best known for his expeditions to Central Asia ( Pamir, Bukhara, Tianshan, Gansu, and Kukunor), western Mongolia and Tuva, and the Russian Far East. In literature his na ...

, zoologist and geographer, obtained two

Przewalski's horse Przewalski's horse (''Equus ferus przewalskii'' or ''Equus przewalskii''), also called the takhi, Mongolian wild horse or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered wild horse originally native to the steppes of Central Asia. It is named after t ...

s and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central Asia * Alexander Gurwitsch, originated the

morphogenetic field In the developmental biology of the early twentieth century, a morphogenetic field is a research hypothesis and a discrete region of cells in an embryo. The term ''morphogenetic field'' conceptualizes the scientific experimental finding that ...

theory and discovered the

biophoton Biophotons (from the Greek βίος meaning "life" and φῶς meaning "light") are photons of light in the ultraviolet and visible light range that are produced by a biological system. They are non-thermal in origin, and the emission of biophot ...

I

Ilya Ivanov Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (, – March 20, 1932) was a Russian and Soviet biologist who specialized in the field of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals. He is famous for his controversial attempts to create a huma ...

, researcher of

artificial insemination Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. It is a fertility treatment ...

and the

interspecific hybrid In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two di ...

ization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid * Dmitry Ivanovsky, discoverer of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

J

* Hans Johansen, zoologist *

Hermann Johansen Hermann Eduardovich Johansen (Герман Эдуардович Иоганзен) (1866–1930) was a biologist and ornithologist from the Russian Empire. He graduated with a degree in zoology from Tartu University in 1889. He moved to Tomsk in 1893 ...

, zoologist

K

Georgii Karpechenko Georgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko, sometimes Karpetschenko (Russian language, Russian: Георгий Дмитриевич Карпеченко; 21 April 1899 – 28 July 1941) was a Russian and Soviet Union, Soviet biologist. G. D. Karpechenko sp ...

, inventor of rabbage, an early experimental

allopolyploid Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than two paired sets of ( homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two complete sets of chromosomes, one fro ...

and non-sterile

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...

obtained through

crossbreeding A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. A domestic animal of unknown ancestry, where the breed status of only one parent or grandparent is known, may also be called a crossbreed though ...

of distant species *Karl Fedorovich Kessler, zoologist *Alexander Keyserling, zoologist *Nikolai Koltsov, discoverer of cytoskeleton *Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov, Vladimir Komarov, plant geographer, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute *Aleksei Alekseevich Korotnev, zoologist *Alexander Kovalevsky, embryologist, major researcher of gastrulation *Vladimir Kovalevsky, studied the effect of meteorological, hydrological, and temperature factors on harvest *Alexey Kondrashov, works on Extended evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary genetics. Developed the Evolution of sex, deterministic mutation hypothesis explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction, sympatric speciation, and evaluated mutation rates *Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist, and evolutionary biologist. First to support the theory of

with Darwinian evolution, and first director of The B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University. *August David Krohn, pioneer in marine biology and published essential works on Chaetognatha (arrow worms) *Peter Kropotkin zoologist *Ludmila Kuprianova, botanist *Andrei Kursanov, major physiologist and biochemist *Sergei Kurzanov, paleontologist *Nikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov,

L

*Alexander Nikolayevich Lebedev, Alexander Lebedev, known for his work on the biochemical basis of behavior *Olga Lepeshinskaya (biologist), Olga Lepeshinskaya, advocate of spontaneous generation *Ivan Lepyokhin, botanist *Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of physical education, one of the founders of theoretical anatomy *Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky, botanist *Dmitry Litvinov, botanist *Trofim Lysenko, agronomist, developer of yarovization, infamous for lysenkoism Merezhkovsky K S

M

*Evgeny Maleev, discoverer of Talarurus, Tarbosaurus, and Therizinosaurus *Karl Maximovich, pioneer researcher of the Far Eastern flora *Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term ''gerontology'', Nobel Prize in Medicine winner *Zhores Medvedev, biologist *Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, botanist *Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay, ethnologist *Sergei Mirkin, DNA researcher *Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov, Entomology, entomologist *Mikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier, Mikhail Menzbier, major ornithologist, discoverer of the Menzbier's marmot *Konstantin Merezhkovsky, major lichenologist, developer of

theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory *Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, Ivan Michurin, pomologist, Selection (biology), selectionist and geneticist, practiced hybrid (biology), crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars *Alexander Middendorf, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of permafrost on living beings, coined the term "radula", horse breeder *Victor Motschulsky, coleopterologist (researcher of beetles) *Dmitrii Mushketov, paleontologist

N

*Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilization *Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky, zoologist

O

*Vladimir Obruchev, paleontologist *Sergey Ognev, for his work on mammalogy *Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of telomerase, suggested the telomere hypothesis of aging and the telomere relations to cancer *Aleksandr Oparin, biologist and

, proposed the "primordial soup" theory of life origin, showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysis *Yuri Ovchinnikov (biochemist), Yuri Ovchinnikov, proponent of using

and genetics for creating new types of biological weapons

P

*Heinz Christian Pander, embryologist, discoverer of germ layers *Peter Simon Pallas, polymath naturalist and explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat, Pallas's squirrel, and Pallas's gull *Vladimir Pasechnik,

*Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner *Alexander Petrunkevitch, eminent arachnologist of his time. Described over 130 spider species *Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, Nikolay Pirogov, founded field surgery. Was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic *Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky, published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brain *Yevgenia Georgievna Pobedimova, botanist and plant collector, notably in Russia, Ukraine and North Asia *Maria Prokhorova, biologist and physiologist, did a research on gas gangrene during the Eastern Front (World War II), Great Patriotic War *Nikolai Przhevalsky, explorer and naturalist, brought vast collections from Central Asia, discovered Przewalski's horse, the only extant species of wild horse

R

*Tikhon Rabotnov, made ground breaking studies in the regeneration of natural plant communities *Leonty Ramensky, studied biotic communities *Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn, paleontologist *Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly Rozhdestvensky, discoverer of Aralosaurus and Probactrosaurus *Vasiliy E. Ruzhentsev, paleontologist Lina_Stern

S

*Ivan Schmalhausen, developer of

*Leopold von Schrenck, ethnographer, zoologist, discovered the Amur sturgeon, Manchurian black water snake and Schrenck's bittern *Boris Schwanwitsch, entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to military camouflage during World War II *Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology *Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, entomologist *Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov, paleontologist *Vladimir Shevyakov, zoologist, protistologist *Pyotr Shirshov, hydrobiologist, participant of many arctic expeditions including the first drifting ice station, North Pole-1, researched plankton in polar regions and proved there is life in high altitudes of the Arctic Ocean, founded and headed the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology *Victor Shmidt, zoologist, leading Russian specialist in Histology, microscopic anatomy and embryology *Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk, studied the biochemistry of tobacco *Julian Simashko, zoologist *Norair Sisakian, biochemist, one of the founders of space biology, pioneer in biochemistry of sub-cell structures and technical biochemistry *Alexey Skvortsov, botanist *Boris Sergeyevich Sokolov, paleontologist *Alexander Spirin, made significant contributions to the biochemistry of nucleic acids, and protein biosynthesis *Yaroslav Starobogatov, zoologist *Georg Wilhelm Steller, naturalist, participant of Vitus Bering's voyages, discoverer of Steller's jay, Steller's eider, extinct Steller's sea cow and multiple other animals *Lina Stern, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrier and first female full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences *Vladimir Sukachev, geobotanist

T

*Armen Takhtajan, developer of Takhtajan system of flowering plant classification, major biogeographer *Valery Taliev, the founder of concept of the role of man in the spreading of plants during Holocene, geobotanist *Aleksandr Tikhomirov, zoologist *Kliment Timiryazev, plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of chlorophyll *Nikolai Timofeeff-Ressovsky, major researcher of radiation genetics, population genetics, and

*Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel, mycologist, expert on rust fungi *Lev Tsenkovsky, pioneer researcher of the ontogenesis of lower plants and animals *Mikhail Tsvet, inventor of chromatography *Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin, Mikhail Voronin, major researcher of fungi and plant pathology Nikolai Vavilov NYWTS

V

*Nikolai Vavilov, botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant seeds, identified the Vavilov Center, centres of origin of main cultivated plants *Vladimir Vernadsky, founded biogeochemistry, pioneered research into the noosphere *Olga Vinogradova, accomplished neuroscientist *Sergey Vinogradsky, microbiologist, ecologist, and soil scientist, pioneered the biogeochemical cycle concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesis, invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms *Roman Vishniac, biologist

W

*Sergei Winogradsky, microbiologist,

and soil scientist who pioneered the Biogeochemical cycle, cycle of life concept

Y

*Gennady Yakovlev,

*Ivan Yefremov, paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded taphonomy

Z

*Sviatoslav Zabelin, biologist, awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize *Sergey Zimov, creator of the Pleistocene Park *Nikolai Zograf, zoologist *Valeriy Zyuganov, formulated the concept of freshwater pearl mussel - Atlantic salmon symbiosis

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Russian Biologists Russian biologists, Lists of Russian people by occupation, Biologists Lists of biologists by nationality, Russian Lists of European scientists, Russian biologists

Alphabetical list

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

W

Y

Z

See also

References