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This bibliography of sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of
sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...
. Some of the works are selected from general anthologies of sociology, while other works are selected because they are notable enough to be mentioned in a general history of sociology or one of its subdisciplines.
[See Michie, Jonathan, ed. 2001. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences''.]
Sociology studies
society
A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ...
using various methods of empirical investigation to understand human
social activity, from the
micro level of individual
agency and interaction to the
macro level of systems and
social structure
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally rel ...
.
Foundations
*
Comte, Auguste. 1865.
' A_General_View_of_Positivism.html" ;"title="'A General View of Positivism">'A General View of Positivism''
*Karl Marx">Marx, Karl
Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German Political philosophy, philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet ''The Communist Manifesto'' (written wi ...
. 1867.
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy''">'
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy''
*Marx, Karl, and
Engels, Friedrich. 1846.
Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich. 1846. [''The German Ideology''">'The_German_Ideology.html" ;"title="Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich. 1846.
Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich. 1846. [''The German Ideology''
*Max Weber">Weber, Max. 1904. [''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism">'The German Ideology">Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich. 1846. [''The German Ideology''
*Max Weber">Weber, Max. 1904. [''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism''].
**Putting forward a thesis that Puritans, Puritan Ethics, ethic and ideas had influenced the development of capitalism, Weber observes religious devotion to usually be accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. Weber addresses the
paradox
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictor ...
of why this was not the case within
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
.
*
Du Bois, W. E. B. 1899. ''
The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study''.
Durkheim
*1893.
'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''
[Durkheim, Emile. 1997 [1893]. ''The Division of Labour in Society'' (1st ed.). New York: Free Press. .]
*1897.
Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''
[Durkheim, Emile. 1997 897 ''Suicide: A Study in Sociology''. New York: Free Press. .]
**A case study of suicide rates amongst
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
,
Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
and
Jewish
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
populations, distinguished sociological analysis from psychology or philosophy. Also a major contribution to
structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
This approach looks at society through a macro-level o ...
.
*1912.
'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''
[Cladis, Mark S., ed. 2008. ''The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life'' (reissue ed.), by Emile Durkheim, translated by C. Cosman. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .]
*1919. [''The Rules of Sociological Method''].
Culture
* Pierre Bourdieu, Bourdieu, Pierre. 1979. ''La distinction: Critique sociale du jugement''
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste''">Distinction (book)">Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste''
* Bourdieu, Pierre, and
Jean-Claude Passeron.1970. ''La Reproduction. Éléments pour une théorie du système d'enseignement''
eproduction in Education, Society and Culture
* Katz, Jack. 1988. ''Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil''.
*
Schultz, Alfred. 1967. ''Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt''
'The Phenomenology of the Social world''
Economy
Economic sociology attempts to explain
economic
An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...
phenomena. While overlapping with the general study of
economics
Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services.
Economics focuses on the behaviour and interac ...
at times, economic sociology chiefly concentrates on the roles of social relations and institutions.
*
Boltanski, Luc, and Ève Chiapello. 2005. ''The New Spirit of Capitalism''.
*Boltanski, Luc, and
Laurent Thévenot. 2006. ''On Justification. The Economies of Worth''.
*
de Tocqueville, Alexis. 1835/1840.
On Democracy in America''">Democracy in America">On Democracy in America''1 & 2.
*— 1856.
The Old Regime and the French Revolution''">The Old Regime and the Revolution">The Old Regime and the French Revolution''
*
Durkheim, Emile. 1893.
'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''
*
Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." ''American Journal of Sociology">The American Journal of Sociology'' 91(3):481–510.
*
Hirschman, Albert O. 1982. "Rival Interpretations of Market Society: Civilizing, Destructive, or Feeble?" ''
Journal of Economic Literature
The ''Journal of Economic Literature'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal, published by the American Economic Association, that surveys the academic literature in economics. It was established by Arthur Smithies in 1963 as the ''Journal of Econo ...
'' 20(4):1463–84.
*Polanyi, Karl. 1944. ''
The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time''.
*
Simmel, George. 1907. ''
The Philosophy of Money''.
*
Smelser, Neil and
Richard Swedberg, eds. 2005. ''The Handbook of Economic Sociology''.
*
Weber, Max. 1922.
'Economy and Society''">Economy_and_Society.html" ;"title="'Economy and Society">'Economy and Society''
*Harrison White">White, Harrison C. 2002. ''Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production''.
Industry
Industrial sociology is the sociology of technological change, globalization, labor markets, work organization, managerial practices and division of labour, employment relations.
*Daniel Bell, Bell, Daniel. 1973. ''
Daniel Bell#The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting.''
*
Braverman, Harry. 1974. ''
Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century''.
*
Burawoy, Michael. 1979. ''
Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism''.
*
Dore, Ronald P. 1973. ''British factory, Japanese Factory''.
*
Goldthorpe, John,
David Lockwood,
Frank Bechhofer, and
Jennifer Platt. 1968. ''The Affluent Worker: Industrial Attitudes and Behaviour''.
Spatial sociology
Environment
Environmental sociology studies the relationship between society and environment, particularly the social factors that cause environmental problems, the societal impacts of those problems, and efforts to solve the problems.
*
Carson, Rachel. 1962. ''
Silent Spring
''Silent Spring'' is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. Published on September 27, 1962, the book documented the environmental harm caused by the indiscriminate use of DDT, a pesticide used by soldiers during World War II. Carson acc ...
''.
*
Diamond, Jared. 2006. ''
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed''.
*Hannigan, John A. 1995. ''Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective''.
**Argues that a society's willingness to recognize and solve environmental problems depends more upon the way these claims are presented by a limited number of interest groups than upon the severity of the threat they pose.
*Michelson, William. 2002. ''Handbook of Environmental Sociology''.
**Provides an overview of the field of environmental sociology and its various research emphases.
*
Schnaiberg, Allan, and Kenneth Alan Gould. 2000. ''Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict''. Caldwell.
**Demonstrates how our global economy requires increasing levels of economic expansion, which in turn requires increasing withdrawals for the natural environment.
Demography
Demography
Demography () is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.
Demographic analysis examine ...
is the
statistical study of
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...
population
Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...
. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to
birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the f ...
,
migration
Migration, migratory, or migrate may refer to: Human migration
* Human migration, physical movement by humans from one region to another
** International migration, when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum le ...
,
aging
Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming Old age, older until death. The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi; whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentiall ...
and
death
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sh ...
.
*
Malthus, Thomas. 1798. ''
An Essay on the Principle of Population
The book ''An Essay on the Principle of Population'' was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. The book warned of future difficulties, on an interpretation of the population increasing ...
''.
*
Myrdal, Alva, and
Gunnar Myrdal
Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( ; ; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with Friedrich Hayek for "their pioneering work in the theory of money an ...
. 1934. ''
Crisis in the Population Question''.
Urban
Urban sociology refers the study of social life and human interaction in
metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region consisting of a densely populated urban area, urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories which share Industry (economics), industries, commercial areas, Transport infrastructure, transport network ...
s.
*
Castells, Manuel 1972. ''The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach''.
*
Delany, Samuel R. 1999. ''
Times Square Red, Times Square Blue''.
*
Gottdiener, Mark, and Ray Hutchison. 2000. ''The New Urban Sociology''.
*Hutter, Mark. 2007. ''Experiencing Cities: A Global Approach''.
*
Jacobs, Jane. 1961. ''
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
''The Death and Life of Great American Cities'' is a 1961 book by writer and activist Jane Jacobs. The book is a critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the urban decay, decline of many city neighborhoods in the U ...
''.
**"
his bookbecame perhaps the most influential single work in the history of town planning, and simultaneously helped to kill off the modern movement in architecture."
*
Molotch, Harvey, and
John R. Logan. 1987. ''Urban Fortunes: The Political economy of Place''.
**Turned mainstream sociological opinion against the
Chicago school of
Human Ecology by foregrounding the influence of institutions and political settings in the growth of cities.
*
Park, Robert E., and
Ernest W. Burgess. 1925. ''The City''.
**Foundational text in American sociology, Chicago school, Urban sociology, and
Human ecology.
*
Simmel, Georg. 1903. ''
The Metropolis and Mental Life''.
Gender and Intersectionality
*
Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1994. ''Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality''.
*
Chodorow, Nancy. 1978. ''The Reproduction of Mothering''.
*
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2005. ''
Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism''.
* — 2006. ''
From Black Power to Hip Hop: Racism, Nationalism, and Feminism''.
*
Connell, Raewyn W. 1987. ''Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics''.
* — 2002. ''Gender: Short Introductions''.
*
Harding, Sandra. 1991. ''Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives''.
Knowledge
Sociology of knowledge refers to the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises, as well as of the effects prevailing ideas have on societies.
*
Berger, Peter L., and
Thomas Luckmann
Thomas Luckmann (; October 14, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American-Austrian sociologist of German and Slovene origin who taught mainly in Germany. Born in Jesenice, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Luckmann studied philosophy and linguistics at the ...
. 1966. ''
The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge''.
*
Bloor, David. 1976. ''Knowledge and social imagery.''
**Gave rise to the field known as Science and Technology Studies.
*
Fleck, Ludwik. 1935. ''Genesis and development of a scientific fact''.
*
Latour, Bruno, and
Steve Woolgar. 1979. ''
Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts''.
**Ethnography of microbiologists working at the
Salk Institute. Explains the elevation of observations to the level of fact through a system of credibility. Started the ethnographic laboratory studies movement in the sociology of knowledge.
*
Mannheim, Karl. 1936.
'Ideology and Utopia''
Politics
Traditionally, political sociology has been concerned with the ways in which social trends, dynamics, and structures of domination affect formal political processes, as well as exploring how various social forces work together to change political policies. Now, it is also concerned with the formation of identity through social interaction, the politics of knowledge, and other aspects of social relations.
*
Mills, C. Wright. 1958. ''
The Power Elite''.
[Mills, C. Wright. 2000 ]958
Year 958 (Roman numerals, CMLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* October / November – Battle of Raban: The Byzantine Empire, Byzantines under John I Tzimiskes, Jo ...
''The Power Elite'', edited by Alan Wolfe
Alan Wolfe (born 1942) is an American political science, political scientist and a sociologist on the faculty of Boston College who serves as director of the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life. He is also a member of the Advisor ...
. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
*
Domhoff, G. William. 1967. ''
Who Rules America?
''Who Rules America?'' is a book by research psychologist and sociologist G. William Domhoff, Ph.D., published in 1967 as a best-seller (#12).
''WRA'' is frequently assigned as a sociology textbook, documenting the dangerous concentration of po ...
.''
*
Skocpol, Theda. 1979. ''
States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China''.
*
Piven, Frances Fox, and
Richard Cloward. 1988. ''Why Americans Don't Vote''.
*— 2000. ''Why Americans Still Don't Vote: And Why Politicians Want It That Way''.
Race and ethnicity
The sociology of race and ethnic relations refers to the study of
social
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not.
Etymology
The word "social" derives fro ...
,
political
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social sta ...
, and
economic
An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...
relations between
races and
ethnicities at all levels of society, encompassing subjects such as
racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity over another. It may also me ...
and
residential segregation.
*
Du Bois,W. E. B. 1899.
''The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study''.
*— 1903. ''
The Souls of Black Folk''.
*
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944.
''An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy''.
Religion
The sociology of religion concerns the role of
religion
Religion is a range of social system, social-cultural systems, including designated religious behaviour, behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, religious text, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics in religion, ethics, or ...
in
society
A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ...
, including practices, historical backgrounds, developments, and universal themes. There is particular emphasis on the recurring role of religion in all societies and throughout recorded history.
*
Durkheim, Émile. 1912.
'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''
*
Berger, Peter L. 1967. ''The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion''.
*— 1970. ''A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural''.
Theory
Sociological theories are complex theory, theoretical and methodology, methodological frameworks used to analyze and explain objects of social study, which ultimately facilitate the organization of sociological knowledge.
Conflict Theory
''
Conflict theories'', originally influenced by
Marxist thought, are perspectives that see societies as defined through conflicts that are produced by inequality. Conflict theory emphasizes
social conflict, as well as
economic inequality,
social inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people. Differences in acce ...
,
oppression
Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced.
No universally accepted model ...
, and
crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a State (polity), state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definiti ...
.
*
Marx, Karl
Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German Political philosophy, philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet ''The Communist Manifesto'' (written wi ...
, and
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels ( ;["Engels"](_blank)
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.[The Communist Manifesto
''The Communist Manifesto'' (), originally the ''Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848. The ...]
''.
*Marx, Karl. 1859. ''
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
''A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy'' () is a book by Karl Marx, first published in 1859. The book is mainly a critique of political economy achieved by critiquing the writings of the leading theoretical exponents of capitalism ...
.''
*
Veblen, Thorstein. 1899. ''
The Theory of the Leisure Class''.
*— 1904. ''
The Theory of Business Enterprise''.
*
Mills, C. Wright. 1951. ''
White Collar: The American Middle Classes''.
*— 1958. ''
The Power Elite''.
*— 1959. ''
The Sociological Imagination''.
*
Sharp, Gene. 1985. ''
Making Europe Unconquerable''.
Rational Choice Theory
''
Rational choice theory
Rational choice modeling refers to the use of decision theory (the theory of rational choice) as a set of guidelines to help understand economic and social behavior. The theory tries to approximate, predict, or mathematically model human behav ...
'' models social behavior as the interaction of utility-maximizing individuals.
*
Coleman, James Samuel. 1990. ''Foundations of Social Theory.''
*
Olson, Mancur. 1971. ''
The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups''.
Social Exchange Theory
Social Exchange Theory
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory which studies how people interact by weighing the potential costs and benefits of their relationships. This occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value. Social exc ...
models social interaction as a series of exchanges between actors who give one another rewards and penalties, which impacts and guides future behavior.
George Homans' version of exchange theory specifically argues that
behaviorist
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that indivi ...
stimulus-response principles can explain the emergence of complex social structures.
*
Blau, Peter. 1964. ''Exchange & Power in Social Life''.
* Emerson, Richard. 1962. "Power-Dependence Theory." ''American Sociological Review'' 27(1):31-41.
* Homans, George C. 1958. "Social Behavior as Exchange." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 63(6):597-606.
* Homans, George C. 1961. ''Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms''.
Social Network Analysis
Making use of
network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as Graph (discrete mathematics), graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks ...
,
''social network analysis'' is structural approach to sociology that views norms and behaviors as embedded in chains of social relations.
*
Scott, John. 1991. ''Social Network Analysis: A Handbook''.
**Provides a broad introduction to the subject.
*
Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. 1994. ''Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications''.
**Presents thorough methodological coverage of the approach.
*
Wellman, Barry, and S.D. Berkowitz, eds. 1988. ''Social Structures: A Network Approach''.
**Provides a readable theoretical overview of the subject using many case studies.
Sociocybernetics
''
Sociocybernetics
Sociocybernetics is an interdisciplinary science between sociology and general systems theory and cybernetics. The International Sociological Association has a specialist research committee in the area – RC51 – which publishes the (electro ...
'' is the application of
systems theory
Systems theory is the Transdisciplinarity, transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, de ...
and
cybernetics
Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal processes such as feedback and recursion, where the effects of a system's actions (its outputs) return as inputs to that system, influencing subsequent action. It is concerned with ...
to sociology.
*
Bánáthy, Béla H. 1996. ''Designing Social Systems in a Changing World''.
*
Bateson, Gregory. 1972.
''Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology''.
*— (1979). ''Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity''.
*
Bateson, Gregory, and M. C. Bateson. 1988. ''Angels Fear: Towards an Epistemology of the Sacred''.
*
László, Ervin. 1984. ''The Systems View of the World: The Natural Philosophy of the New Developments in the Sciences''.
*
von Bertalanffy, Ludwig. 1968. ''General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications''.
*
Wiener, Norbert. 1948. ''
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine''.
Structural Functionalism
''
Structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
This approach looks at society through a macro-level o ...
'' is a broad perspective that interprets society as a
structure
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...
with interrelated parts.
*
Durkheim, Emile. 1897.
Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''
*
Parsons, Talcott. 1937. ''The Structure of Social Action">Talcott Parsons">Parsons, Talcott. 1937. ''The Structure of Social Action''.
*— 1951. ''The Social System''.
*Parsons, Talcott, and
Edward A. Shils. 1951. ''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences''.
[ Parsons, Talcott, and Edward A. Shils. 2001 [1951">Edward_Shils.html" ;"title="Talcott Parsons">Parsons, Talcott, and Edward Shils">Edward A. Shils. 2001 [1951 ''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences'' (abridged ed.), with introduction by N. J. Smelser. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers">Neil Smelser">N. J. Smelser. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. .]
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism argues that human behavior is guided by the meanings people construct together in social interaction.
* Herbert Blumer, Blumer, Herbert. 1969. ''Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method''.
*
Cooley, Charles Horton. 1902. ''Human Nature and the Social Order''.
*
Mead, George Herbert. 1934. ''Mind, Self, and Society''.
*
Stryker, Sheldon. 1980. ''Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version''.
See also
*
List of scientific journals in sociology
*
Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...
*
Engaged theory
*
History of the social sciences
*
Outline of sociology
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Michie, Jonathan, ed. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences'' (2 vol. 2001) 1970 pages annotating the major books in all the social sciences.
*
External links
Major Sociological Studies And Publications(ThoughtCo.com)
Top 978 sociological books of the 20th century up to 1997as voted by the World Congress of the
International Sociological Association
The International Sociological Association (ISA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences. It is an international sociological body, gathering both individuals and national sociol ...
.
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Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...
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