Social Security Scotland (
Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic (, ; Endonym and exonym, endonym: ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic language, Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongs ...
: ''Tèarainteachd Shòisealta Alba'') is an executive agency of the
Scottish Government
The Scottish Government (, ) is the executive arm of the devolved government of Scotland. It was formed in 1999 as the Scottish Executive following the 1997 referendum on Scottish devolution, and is headquartered at St Andrew's House in ...
with responsibility for
social security
Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance ...
provision.
History
The
Scottish Parliament
The Scottish Parliament ( ; ) is the Devolution in the United Kingdom, devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. It is located in the Holyrood, Edinburgh, Holyrood area of Edinburgh, and is frequently referred to by the metonym 'Holyrood'. ...
was created in 1999 with legislative authority over many areas of social policy. However, social security remained a reserved matter of the
UK Government
His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government or otherwise UK Government, is the central government, central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. through the
Department for Work and Pensions
The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) is a Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom, ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for welfare spending, welfare, pensions and child maintenance ...
. The
Smith Commission following the ‘No’ vote to independence in the
2014 referendum recommended that authority over several areas of social security be transferred to the Scottish Parliament under a revised devolution settlement for Scotland.
This was put into statue through the
Scotland Act 2016
The Scotland Act 2016 (c. 11) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It sets out amendments to the Scotland Act 1998 and devolves further powers to Scotland. The legislation is based on recommendations given by the report of the Smi ...
.
Legislation
With the Scotland Act 2016 transferring authority over some elements of social security, the Scottish Government introduced the Social Security (Scotland) Bill. This Bill introduced a different approach to administering social security in Scotland compared to the approach of the United Kingdom. The Bill set out 8 principles of social security, putting into statute that social security is a human right, it is to be delivered as a public service and that it is to contribute to the reducing of poverty and provide dignity and respect to Scottish citizens.
The Bill sets out the need for a Scottish social security charter, which sets out the expectations of Scottish Ministers when developing social security policy, the expectations of Social Security Scotland when administering policies, and the expectations on individuals who are receiving assistance from Social Security Scotland.
The Bill established the Scottish Commission on Social Security, which is a corporate body independent of the Scottish Government. The commission's purpose is to scrutinise Scottish Government policy decisions and to ensure that the Scottish Government and Social Security Scotland are fulfilling the legal requirements under the Bill.
This Bill was passed on 25 April 2018 and received Royal Assent on 1 June 2018 as the
Social Security (Scotland) Act 2018. It is the first Scotland wide social security agency in the nation's history.
Ministers
From March 2023, the Cabinet Secretary of the Scottish Government with responsibility for Social Security Scotland is the
Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice. Previously, the position was supported by the
Minister for Social Security and Local Government. From June 2018 to May 2021, responsibility sat with the Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People, supported by the
Minister for Equalities and Older People.
Disability Benefits
The Scottish Government is taking over responsibility for disability benefits delivered by the UK Government's Department for Work and Pensions. Due to the
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...
pandemic, the Scottish Government delayed the launch of disability benefits.
Child Disability Payment
Child Disability Payment provides support for the extra costs that a disabled child might have and can be paid up until a child turns 18 years old. The payment has a care component and a mobility component, each with three different payment rates.
Child Disability Payment was launched as a pilot in Dundee City, Perth and Kinross, and the Western Isles in July 2021 and rolled out to the rest of Scotland in November 2021. Child Disability Payment replaced
Disability Living Allowance
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a social security benefit in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off ...
for Children.
Adult Disability Payment
Adult Disability Payment provides support for people between 16 years old and state pension age who are disabled, have a long-term health condition, or a terminal illness. The payment has a daily living component and a mobility component, with standard and enhanced payment rates.
Adult Disability Payment rolled out in phases across Council areas from March 2022 and launched nationally in August 2022. Adult Disability Payment replaced
Personal Independence Payment
Personal Independence Payment (abbreviated to PIP and usually pronounced as one word) is a welfare benefit in the United Kingdom that is intended to help working-aged people 16 and over with the extra costs of living with a health condition or a ...
. People with ongoing awards of Personal Independence Payment do not need to make an application for Adult Disability Payment, as their awards will automatically transfer to Social Security Scotland from summer 2022.
Pension Age Disability Payment
Pension Age Disability Payment provides support to people who have reached State Pension age that have care needs due to a disability or long-term health condition. Pension Age Disability Payment replaced
Attendance Allowance
Attendance Allowance is a non-contributory Social Security benefit paid to elderly disabled people in the United Kingdom. It was introduced in the National Insurance (Old Persons' and Widows' Pension and Attendance Allowance) Act 1970. The benef ...
.
The benefit launched as a pilot in Argyll & Bute, Highland, Aberdeen City, Orkney and Shetland on 21 October 2024. It then extended to 13 more local authority areas on 24 March 2025, before being available across Scotland on 22 April 2025.
Child Winter Heating Payment
Child Winter Heating Payment is a new payment to help with winter costs for families with children in receipt Child Disability Payment or the highest rate of the care component of
Disability Living Allowance
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a social security benefit in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off ...
for children.
Child Winter Heating Payment was the first disability benefit delivered by Social Security Scotland and launched in winter 2020, with the first families being paid in December 2020. The payment currently is £235.70 per eligible child, and is paid automatically to eligible families without needing to apply.
Low Income Benefits
The Scottish Government has taken over several benefits for people and families on low incomes from the Department for Work and Pensions. New benefits for people on low incomes have also been launched.
Scottish Child Payment
Scottish Child Payment provides support for families on low incomes with children under 16 years old and in receipt of certain means-tested benefits, such as
Universal Credit
Universal Credit is a United Kingdom based Welfare state in the United Kingdom, social security payment. It is Means test, means-tested and is replacing and combining six benefits, for working-age households with a low income: income-related Emp ...
,
Jobseeker's Allowance,
Employment and Support Allowance
Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) is a United Kingdom welfare payment for adults younger than the State Pension age who are having difficulty finding work because of their long-term medical condition or a disability. It is a basic income-rep ...
, and certain legacy benefits.
Scottish Child Payment was a new payment announced by the Scottish Government in 2019 as a means to help reduce the prevalence of
childhood poverty in Scotland. It was first introduced for eligible families with children under six, with applications open from November 2020 and first payments made in February 2021. Initially the payment was £10 per week, per child, however this was doubled to £20 in April 2021.
On 14 November 2022, Scottish Child Payment rolled out to families with children under 16 years old and the payment increased for a third time to £25 per week, per child.
SNP leader Stephen Flynn has urged Scottish Labour MPs to support an amendment to scrap the two-child benefit cap, calling it a test of Labour's commitment to real change. Labour's Chancellor Rachel Reeves insists they will not make unfunded spending commitments.
Best Start Grant
Best Start Grant and Best Start Foods provides support to families to help with costs during key early years of a child's life. Best Start Grant is made up of three payments: Pregnancy and Baby Payment, Early Learning Payment, and School Age Payment. While Pregnancy and Baby Payment replaced Sure Start Maternity Grant, Early Learning Payment and School Age Payment are new benefits introduced by the Scottish Government.
Funeral Support Payment
Funeral Support Payment replaced the Funeral Payment in September 2019 and aims to reduce funeral poverty in Scotland by providing people who receive certain benefits or tax credits with a payment that can be used to help pay funeral costs, burial or cremation costs, travel costs, and medical costs.
Carer Support Payment and Carer's Allowance Supplement
Carer's Allowance Supplement is an extra payment to carers in Scotland who are receiving a full or partial
Carer's Allowance payment from the Department for Work and Pensions or Carer Support Payment from Social Security Scotland. Social Security Scotland pays this automatically every six months, in June and December, without the need for applications. This payment launched in September 2018 and will run until Scottish Government plans for the devolved Carer Support Payment are fully place. From April 2025, Carer's Allowance Supplement increased to £293.50 for each payment. In June 2020, an extra Carer's Allowance Supplement payment of £230.10 was paid alongside the standard payment. This was a one-off payment to provide support to carers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In November 2024, Carer Support Payment replaced
arer's Allowancein Scotland for all new applicants, with existing recipients being transitioned from Spring 2025.
Young Carer Grant
Young Carer Grant is a new benefit which provides support to young carers, aged 16 to 18 years old, who care for someone for at least 16 hours a week but do not qualify for Carer's Allowance. Young Carer Grant launched in October 2019 and currently is a yearly payment of £390.25.
Job Start Payment
Job Start Payment is a new benefit to help young people aged 16 to 24 years old (or up to 25 years old if a care leaver) with the costs of the transition into employment, after a period of time out of paid work. The benefit launched in August 2020 after a short delay due to COVID-19. The current payment is £319.80, or £511.65 if the person is the main carer of a child.
Winter Heating Payment
Winter Heating Payment replaced the Cold Weather Payment in 2023 to help with winter costs for people who receive who income benefits who might have extra heating needs. To be eligible, people need to be in receipt of a qualifying benefit and meet an additional criteria during a qualifying week in November 2022. The benefit is automatically paid and currently is a payment of £50.
Pending Benefits
Pension Age Winter Heating Payment
Originally planned to be implemented for the winter of 2024, implementation has now been delayed to winter 2025. Pension Age Winter Heating Payment helps people of pension age who receive certain benefits pay their heating bills. It replaces
Winter Fuel Payment for people in Scotland and has the same eligibility rules.
Employment Injury Assistance
Employment Injury Assistance is planned to replace Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit (IIDB) after the 2026 election.
Carer's Additional Person Payment
Carer's Additional Person Payment will be a new payment for people in Scotland who care for more than one person who get a disability benefit.
Locations
Social Security Scotland operates from the headquarters
Agnes Husband House in
Dundee
Dundee (; ; or , ) is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, fourth-largest city in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate for the locality was . It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firt ...
and a large office on High Street,
Glasgow
Glasgow is the Cities of Scotland, most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in Strathclyde, west central Scotland. It is the List of cities in the United Kingdom, third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom ...
. Social Security Scotland also offers a local delivery service of trained advisors located in each local authority in Scotland for face-to-face provision.
Budget
In 2019–20, the Scottish Government budget for Social Security policy totalled at over £434 million. Now delivering twelve benefits as of March 2023, the Scottish Government committed £5.2 billion to Social Security policy for financial year 2023–24.
Social Security reserved to the United Kingdom
With the Scotland Act 2016 only devolving some aspects of social security provisions, many services remain reserved to the UK Government, administered through the Department for Work and Pensions based on UK Government policy decisions. These include:
*
Universal Credit
Universal Credit is a United Kingdom based Welfare state in the United Kingdom, social security payment. It is Means test, means-tested and is replacing and combining six benefits, for working-age households with a low income: income-related Emp ...
*
Jobseeker's Allowance
*
Employment and Support Allowance
Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) is a United Kingdom welfare payment for adults younger than the State Pension age who are having difficulty finding work because of their long-term medical condition or a disability. It is a basic income-rep ...
*
Income Support
Income Support is an income-related benefit in the United Kingdom for some people who are on a low income, but have a reason for not actively seeking work. Claimants of Income Support may be entitled to certain other benefits, for example, Housin ...
*
Working Tax Credit
Working Tax Credit (WTC) was a state benefit in the United Kingdom made to people who worked and received a low income. It was introduced in April 2003 and was a means-tested benefit. Despite the name, the payment was not a tax credit linked t ...
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Child Tax Credit
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Housing Benefit
Housing Benefit is a means-tested social security benefit in the United Kingdom that is intended to help meet housing costs for rented accommodation. It is the second biggest item in the Department for Work and Pensions' budget after the state ...
*
Child Benefit
Child benefit or children's allowance is a social security payment which is distributed to the parents or guardians of children, teenagers and in some cases, young adult (psychology), young adults. Countries operate different versions of the benefi ...
*
Severe Disablement Allowance
Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA) was a United Kingdom state benefit intended for those below the state pension age who cannot work because of illness or disability. It was replaced by Incapacity Benefit in April 2001, which itself was replaced b ...
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Maternity Allowance
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Guardian's Allowance
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State Pension
A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a "defined benefit plan", wher ...
*
Pension Credit
Pension Credit is the principal element of the UK welfare system for people of pension age. It is intended to supplement the UK State Pension, or to replace it (for example, if the claimant did not meet the conditions to claim a State Pension). I ...
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Incapacity Benefit
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Vaccine Damage Payment
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Widowed Parent's Allowance
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Support for Mortgage Interest
* Statutory Payments
* Bereavement Allowance
* Bereavement Payment
* Widowed Payment Allowance
* Carer's Credit
* Armed Forces Independence Payment
* Parents Learning Allowance
* Blind Person's Allowance
* National Concessionary Fuel Scheme
* Warm Home Discount Scheme
* War Widower Pension
* Mortgage Interest Run On
* Diffuse Mesothelioma Payment
* Disability Premiums
References
{{Public bodies of the Scottish Government
Executive agencies of the Scottish Government
2018 establishments in Scotland
Social security in the United Kingdom
Government agencies established in 2018