Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN6''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.
N-terminal part of this PTP contains two tandem Src homolog (
SH2) domains, which act as protein phospho-tyrosine binding domains, and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is expressed primarily in
hematopoietic
Haematopoiesis (, from Greek , 'blood' and 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells ...
cells, and functions as an important regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling, (e.g., the
LYN
Ubisoft Montpellier is a French video game developer and a studio of Ubisoft based in Castelnau-le-Lez. Founded in 1994 as Ubi Pictures, it is best known for developing the ''Rayman'' and ''Beyond Good & Evil'' series. At 350 employees as of Se ...
-
CD22-
SHP-1 pathway). Multiple alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.
Expression
SHP-1 gene has two
promoters: P-1, active in epithelial cells, and P-2, active in
hemopoietic cells. In addition the expression of SHP-1 is low in
epithelial cells and high in hemopoietic cells. SHP-1 level in epithelial cells increases and in hematopoietic cells decreases in cancer.
Interactions
PTPN6 has been shown to
interact with:
*
BCR gene,
*
CD117,
*
CD22,
*
CD31,
*
CTNND1,
*
EGFR,
*
EPOR,
*
FCRL3,
*
Grb2,
References
{{Protein tyrosine phosphatases