Sham may refer to:
Arabic use
*
Al-Sham
Syria, ( or ''Shaam'') also known as Greater Syria or Syria-Palestine, is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. The region boundaries have changed throughout history. Howe ...
or Shām (شام), the Arabic term for the Greater Syria region, known in English as the
Levant
The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...
or the
eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean is a loosely delimited region comprising the easternmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea, and well as the adjoining land—often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea. It includes the southern half of Turkey ...
, which includes the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Cyprus, and Turkey's
Hatay Province
**
Bilad al-Sham, the Caliphate province of the same region
**
Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
*
Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
* Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star
Alpha Sagittae
English use
*
Fraud
In law, fraud is intent (law), intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate Civil law (common law), civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrato ...
** Sham drug as a
quack remedy
** Sham election, another name for a
show election
**
Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
**
Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
*
Hoax
*
Placebo
A placebo ( ) can be roughly defined as a sham medical treatment. Common placebos include inert tablets (like sugar pills), inert injections (like saline), sham surgery, and other procedures.
Placebos are used in randomized clinical trials ...
, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy
** Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see
treatment and control groups)
**
Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments
* Name of a person or group of people:
**
Sam the Sham
Domingo Samudio (born February 28, 1937), better known by his stage name Sam the Sham, is a retired American rock and roll singer. Sam the Sham is known for his Camp (style), camp robe and turban and hauling his equipment in a 1952 Packard hears ...
(born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
** Sham, nickname of
Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
**
Sham 69, English punk band
* Title of a work of art
**
''Sham'' (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton
**
''Sham'' (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins
* Other uses
** Sham, a name for the cover of a
pillow
** SHAM,
salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections
Chinese use
*
Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and
Lu Jeu Sham
*
Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China
*
Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong
*
Sham Kwok Fai (born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong
Other uses
*
Sham (name), list of people with the name
*
Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
**
Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
*
Sham, Iran
* Sham, a character in the
X-Men 2099 comic book series
*
Sham Pain, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from ''And Justice For None''
*
Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern
See also
*
Shaam (disambiguation)
*
Shama (disambiguation)
*
Shyama (disambiguation)
*
Shams (disambiguation)
*
Syria (disambiguation)
*
Shyam or Sham, an Indian male given name
{{disambiguation