Sedomon Gunsanad Kina
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Sedomon Gunsanad Kina MBE (1894–1966) was a native chief of
Keningau District The Keningau District () is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Interior Division which includes the districts of Beaufort, Keningau, Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Sipitang, Tambunan and Tenom. The capital of the d ...
, in
North Borneo North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo) was a British Protectorate, British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo wa ...
, who later became a politician in unified
Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
. He was the son of Gunsanad Kina and the older brother of G.S Sundang. Succeeded his father as clan leader and district chief of the interior of Sabah from 1936 until his death in 1966. As a district chief, he acted as a judge in social and legal disputes. He established the Native Administration Centre in Bingkor under the Chartered Company before World War II. His home, the Rumah Besar, was one of the grandest abodes in Keningau. It was used as the headquarters of the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Sabah in WW II In 1962, Sedomon established the United National Pasok Momogon Organisation which he led with his brother Sundang. (Pasok Momogon means 'people of the country) The party controlled the vast majority of the interior area of Sabah. He was also a fine businessman who dealt in agricultural products like rubber, padi, cinnamon, horses, pigs, cows, and tobacco. Was conferred the title of Johan Mangku Negara, and made member of the Order of the British Empire.


Background

Sedomon was given the title of Orang Kaya-kaya (O.K.K) after the passing away of his father, who was the previous Paramount Chief of the Interior and O.K.K for North Borneo. Sedomon served as O.K.K. from 1936 until his death in 1966. Sedomon gained administrative experience in Bingkor while working under D.J. Jardine, the governor of the
British North Borneo Chartered Company The North Borneo Chartered Company (NBCC), also known as the British North Borneo Company (BNBC), was a British chartered company formed on 1 November 1881 to administer and exploit the resources of North Borneo (present-day Sabah in Malaysia) ...
(BNBCC). In 1936, OKK Sedomon heads the alliance of villages in Bingkor and has the authority to administer the Centre of Indigenous Administration (''Pusat Pentadbiran Pribumi'') in Bingkor. As a district native chief, Sedomon amicably settled disputes among villagers in Keningau according to native customary law.


Keningau oath stone for community acceptance

Inscriptions on the ''Batu Sumpah Keningau'' partly detail Sedomon's ideas.


Establishing ''Kaamatan'' as a unifying holiday

In Sabah, each ethnic group has its own harvest festival, with the
Kaamatan ''Kaamatan'', ''Tadau Kaamatan'' or ''Pesta Kaamatan'' is a form of harvest festival celebrated on 30 and 31 May annually in the States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Sabah and the Federal Territory of Labuan in Malaysia. It is ...
festival originally celebrated by the Kadazan Dusun group. Over time, and with the support of the government, the festival has come to be celebrated by all the people of Sabah. In April 1957, one such harvest festival was held in the interior areas of Keningau, Tambunan, and Bingkor, upon the suggestion of native chiefs. In his capacity as Paramount Chief of the Interior, Sedomon asked the British to declare a three-days festival, later known as the
Kaamatan ''Kaamatan'', ''Tadau Kaamatan'' or ''Pesta Kaamatan'' is a form of harvest festival celebrated on 30 and 31 May annually in the States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Sabah and the Federal Territory of Labuan in Malaysia. It is ...
. Although an ethnic
Dusun Dusun may refer to: * Dusun language, language of Dusun people of Borneo * Dusun people Dusun is the collective name of an indigenous ethnic group to the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic ...
(but he was also of mixed Murut blood), Sedomon's intention was for Kaamatan to be a day for all Sabah natives. However, the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
acceded only when
Fuad Stephens Muhammad Fuad Stephens, (born Donald Aloysius Marmaduke Stephens; 14 September 1920 – 6 June 1976) was a Malaysian politician who served as the 1st and 5th Chief Minister of Sabah from September 1963 to December 1964 and again briefly from ...
also made the request in 1960, and the first harvest festival organised at the level of the whole North Borneo was held in a mission school, St. Michael in Penampang.


Role in the formation of Malaysia - 20-point agreement

Together with his younger brother, Sedomon was instrumental in forming and sustaining the
North Borneo North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo) was a British Protectorate, British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo wa ...
movement against the formation of
Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
. The brothers founded the United Pasok Momogun Party (UPMP), a splinter party from United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) to protest the party's choice of supporting the formation of Malaysia. One of the points of contention was the grouping of two distinct tribes of
Dusun Dusun may refer to: * Dusun language, language of Dusun people of Borneo * Dusun people Dusun is the collective name of an indigenous ethnic group to the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic ...
and Murut into a single label of '
Kadazan The Kadazan are an ethnic group indigenous to the state of Sabah in Malaysia. They are found mainly in Penampang and Papar on the west coast of Sabah, the surrounding areas, and various locations in the interior. As a result of integration i ...
'. The party was registered in January 1962, but despite being a multi-ethnic party with diverse representatives, UPMP's influence seemed limited to a few locations such as in
Keningau Keningau () is the capital of the Keningau District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is the fifth-largest town in Sabah, as well one of the oldest. Keningau is between Tambunan and Tenom. The town had an estimated population ...
,
Tenom Tenom (, ) is the capital of the Tenom District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is located about 176 kilometres south of Kota Kinabalu and 128 kilometres north of Long Pasia, which is one of the famous attractions in Sabah. Ten ...
, Membakut and
Kinabatangan Kinabatangan () is the capital of the Kinabatangan District in the Sandakan Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 10,256 in 2010. Kinabatangan is mostly populated with the Orang Sungai The Orang Sungei (Ma ...
. Despite taking an anti-formation stand, there was very little opposition directed to the British colonial administrators or the Malayan government. While some interpret UPMP formation only as a direct challenge to UNKO vying for influence, UPMP maintained the anti-Malaysia position throughout the
Cobbold Commission The Cobbold Commission, was a Commission of Enquiry set up to determine whether the people of North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak supported the proposal to create the Federation of Malaysia consisting of Malaya, Brunei, Singapore, North Borne ...
enquiry from January to April 1962, and the submission of the
20-point agreement The 20-point agreement, or the 20-point memorandum, is a list of 20 points drawn up by North Borneo, proposing terms for its incorporation into the new federation as the State of Sabah, during negotiations prior to the formation of Malaysia. In t ...
to the Lansdowne Committee in August 1962 incorporated Sedomon's ideas on freedom of religion, immigration, and on issues relating to land, forest, and local government. Sedomon also presented his ideas to Tun Abdul Razak during a meeting at the Rumah Besar mansion. Tun Razak was quick to consider the practicalities of Sedomon's requests when he acknowledged that "If that is the case, people from the Peninsula would require a passport to enter Sabah". UPMP's resistance had also began to weaken with internal differences and waning influence, especially when only 200 party members attended the party convention in September 1962 in
Jesselton Kota Kinabalu (; formerly known as Jesselton), colloquially referred to as KK, is the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia. It is also the capital of the Kota Kinabalu District as well as the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on th ...
. The submission of a petition on 9 September 1962 to the United Nations to oppose the formation of Malaysia was done by G.S. Sundang together with
Ong Kee Hui Tan Sri Datuk Amar Ong Kee Hui ( zh, c=王其輝, poj=Ông Kî-hui, p=Wáng Qíhuī, first=poj; 19 August 1914 – 19 April 2000) was a Malaysian Chinese politician and founder cum first president of the Sarawak United People's Party which ...
for Sarawak and A.M. Azahari for Brunei, although this had no impact and was later withdrawn by Sundang by 27 October 1962. In November 1962, the North Borneo delegation was taken on a two-week trip throughout Malaya, at the beginning of which Sedomon said it was important for them to understand the concept of Malaysia, as many party members did not understand and "we are still undecided on Malaysia". He was able to visit the rural development schemes in the peninsula, which greatly impressed him.


Honours


Honours of Malaysia

In 2016, Sedomon was posthumously conferred Sabah's highest award, Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK), which carries the title "Datuk Seri Panglima". * : ** Grand Commander of the
Order of Kinabalu The Illustrious Order of Kinabalu (Malay: ''Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu'') is the only order conferred by the Governor of Sabah, Malaysia. Background The Illustrious Order of Kinabalu is established by virtue of Section 3(a) of State Honou ...
(SPDK) – Datuk Seri Panglima (2016)


Foreign honours

Sedomon was recognised for his achievements and contributions in British North Borneo and awarded an MBE by
Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
on 9 June 1961. * : ** Member of the Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding valuable service in a wide range of useful activities. It comprises five classes of awards across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two o ...
(MBE) – (1961)


Bibliography

* ''O.K.K. Sedomon bin O.K.K. Gunsanad and his rumah besar''. (1997). Sabah. * Leong, C., & Sullivan, A. (1981). ''Commemorative history of Sabah 1881-1981''. Kuala Lumpur. * Leong, C. (1982). ''Sabah, the first 100 years''. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nan Yang Muda.


References

{{reflist, 30em 1894 births People from Keningau District 1966 deaths People from Sabah Murut people Kadazan-Dusun people People from British Borneo Members of the Order of the British Empire Grand Commanders of the Order of Kinabalu 20th-century Malaysian politicians