Schortens () is a town in the district of

Friesland Friesland ( ; ; official ), historically and traditionally known as Frisia (), named after the Frisians, is a Provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part. It is situated west of Groningen (p ...

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony is a States of Germany, German state (') in Northern Germany, northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ' of the Germany, Federal Re ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Division of the town

The town currently consists of the following districts: Schortens, Heidmühle, Grafschaft, Accum, Sillenstede, Schoost, Roffhausen, Middelsfähr, Addernhausen, Oestringfelde, Ostiem and Upjever.

History

Graves discovered during excavations in the 1970s indicate the existence of an early human settlement in the area of Schortens already during the 5th century. In 1158 Schortens was first mentioned as "Scrotinh" in a document of

Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian (or Hadrian) IV (; born Nicholas Breakspear (or Brekespear); 1 September 1159) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 until his death in 1159. Born in England, Adrian IV was the first Pope ...

. Later the name changed to "Scrotinghe". In 1400 the place was called "Schortense". The St. Stephan Church in Schortens was built shortly after 1153 as a result of a victory of the Östringer against a superior army. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

, the monastery of Oestringfelde, which was also used as an asylum, was well known for its horse breeding. During the second half of the 1900s, the naval base

Wilhelmshaven Wilhelmshaven (, ''Wilhelm's Harbour''; Northern Low Saxon: ''Willemshaven'') is a coastal town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the western side of the Jade Bight, a bay of the North Sea, and has a population of 76,089. Wilhelmsha ...

contributed greatly to the development of the town. Many workers settled down in what would become central Schortens, a railway connection to

Jever Jever () is the capital of the district of Friesland (district), Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The name Jever is usually associated with a major brand of beer, Jever Pilsener, which is produced there. The city is also a popular holiday res ...

, established in 1871 also contributed to the development of the town. After the end of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the production of warships ceased and unemployment escalated. From 1946, a steady stream of refugees have moved to Schortens, increasing the population greatly. The deployment of the Olympia-Werke typewriter factory in Roffhausen just after

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

is also seen as an important stage in the development of the town. Around 1970, this factory had jobs for 12,000 people, thus preventing unemployment in the entire region. The Olympia works had to shut down in 1992. In 1933 Schortens united with the towns of Cleverns and Sande to form the ''Greater Oestringen'', this union was however dissolved during World War II. In 1936 an air force base in Upjever was opened, which is still in use today. Schortens received municipal rights on January 21, 2005. Since June 1, 2005, the city of Schortens is an independent municipality.

References

Bibliography

* Werner Brune (Hrsg.): ''Wilhelmshavener Heimatlexikon''. 3 Volumes. Brune Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Wilhelmshaven 1986. * Karl-Ernst Behre: ''Die Geschichte der Landschaft um den Jadebusen''. Brune-Mettcker Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Wilhelmshaven 2012. . Towns in Lower Saxony Friesland (district) {{FrieslandDE-geo-stub